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Manakov AY, Khlystov OM, Hachikubo A, Minami K, Yamashita S, Khabuev A, Ogienko AG, Ildyakov AV, Kalmychkov GV, Rodionova TV. Structural Studies of Lake Baikal Natural Gas Hydrates. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619090087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wen L, Zhou X, Liang D. Microscopic measurements on the decomposition behaviour of methane hydrates formed in natural sands. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14727-14735. [PMID: 35516298 PMCID: PMC9064168 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01611b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the decomposition behaviour of methane hydrate in porous media was investigated microscopically using powder X-ray diffraction, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy. The effect of grain sizes on the decomposition of methane hydrate was measured. The results showed that bulk hydrates could exist stably at 223 K and atmospheric pressure because of the self-preservation effect. However, hydrate formed in sands was relatively easier to decompose because it had a higher equilibrium pressure compared with bulk hydrate at the same temperature. In this case, there would be a higher decomposition driving force. Interestingly, the complete decomposition time for hydrate formed in sands did not decrease with the decrease in particle size. The shortest decomposition time was observed for the sands with the particle size range of 38-55 μm, which was less than 30 minutes. Moreover methane hydrate was found to decompose faster in the porous medium containing 3.5 wt% NaCl, which suggested that there was almost no self-preservation effect. In situ Raman measurements showed that the integrated intensity ratio of methane in large and small cages (A L/A S) did not change during the decomposition process, suggesting that the methane hydrate crystal units decomposed as an entity in sands. This study provided important data as a basis for drilling fluid technology in hydrate mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou Center for Gas Hydrate Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou Center for Gas Hydrate Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Deqing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Guangzhou Center for Gas Hydrate Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou 510640 China
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Masoudi A, Jafari P, Nazari M, Kashyap V, Eslami B, Irajizad P, Ghasemi H. An in situ method on kinetics of gas hydrates. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:035111. [PMID: 30927797 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gas hydrate formation is a high-risk and common flow assurance problem in subsea oil production plants. The modern strategies to mitigate hydrate formation have switched from thermodynamic inhibition to risk management. In this new mitigation strategy, hydrate formation is allowed as long as it does not lead to plugging of pipelines. Thus, understanding the growth kinetics of gas hydrates plays a critical role in risk management strategies. Here, we report a new accurate and in situ approach to probe the kinetics of gas hydrate formation. This approach is based on the hot-wire method, which probes the thermal properties of the medium surrounding the hot-wire. As the thermal properties of gas hydrate and its initial constituents are different, variation in these properties is used to probe kinetics of hydrate growth front. Through this in situ method, we determine kinetics of cyclopentane hydrate formation in both mixing and flow conditions. The findings show that at ambient pressure and a temperature of 1-2 °C, the hydrate formation rate under mixing condition varies between 1.9 × 10-5 and 3.9 × 10-5 kg m-2 s-1, while in flow condition, this growth rate drops to 4.5 × 10-6 kg m-2 s-1. To our knowledge, this is the first reported growth rate of cyclopentane hydrate. This in situ approach allows us to probe kinetics of hydrate formation where there is no optical access and provides a tool to rationally design risk management strategies for subsea infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Masoudi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Parham Jafari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Masoumeh Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Varun Kashyap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Bahareh Eslami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Peyman Irajizad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, USA
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Park S, Lim D, Seo Y, Lee H. Incorporation of ammonium fluoride into clathrate hydrate lattices and its significance in inhibiting hydrate formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8761-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium fluoride incorporation induced structural modification showed a thermodynamic and kinetic inhibition effect of CH4 hydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ program)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ program)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwon Seo
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 689-798
- Republic of Korea
| | - Huen Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ program)
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
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Jang J, Santamarina JC. Recoverable gas from hydrate-bearing sediments: Pore network model simulation and macroscale analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Scientific knowledge of natural clathrate hydrates has grown enormously over the past decade, with spectacular new findings of large exposures of complex hydrates on the sea floor, the development of new tools for examining the solid phase in situ, significant progress in modeling natural hydrate systems, and the discovery of exotic hydrates associated with sea floor venting of liquid CO2. Major unresolved questions remain about the role of hydrates in response to climate change today, and correlations between the hydrate reservoir of Earth and the stable isotopic evidence of massive hydrate dissociation in the geologic past. The examination of hydrates as a possible energy resource is proceeding apace for the subpermafrost accumulations in the Arctic, but serious questions remain about the viability of marine hydrates as an economic resource. New and energetic explorations by nations such as India and China are quickly uncovering large hydrate findings on their continental shelves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Hester
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
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Udachin K, Ratcliffe C, Enright G, Ripmeester J. Transformation of the Hexagonal-Structure Clathrate Hydrate of Cyclooctane to a Low-Symmetry Form Below 167 K. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Udachin K, Ratcliffe C, Enright G, Ripmeester J. Transformation of the Hexagonal-Structure Clathrate Hydrate of Cyclooctane to a Low-Symmetry Form Below 167 K. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9704-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Susilo R, Alavi S, Ripmeester JA, Englezos P. Molecular dynamics study of structure H clathrate hydrates of methane and large guest molecules. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:194505. [PMID: 18500878 DOI: 10.1063/1.2908074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane storage in structure H (sH) clathrate hydrates is attractive due to the relatively higher stability of sH as compared to structure I methane hydrate. The additional stability is gained without losing a significant amount of gas storage density as happens in the case of structure II (sII) methane clathrate. Our previous work has showed that the selection of a specific large molecule guest substance (LMGS) as the sH hydrate former is critical in obtaining the optimum conditions for crystallization kinetics, hydrate stability, and methane content. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to provide further insight regarding the dependence of methane occupancy on the type of the LMGS and pressure. Moreover, the preference of methane molecules to occupy the small (5(12)) or medium (4(3)5(6)6(3)) cages and the minimum cage occupancy required to maintain sH clathrate mechanical stability are examined. We found that thermodynamically, methane occupancy depends on pressure but not on the nature of the LMGS. The experimentally observed differences in methane occupancy for different LMGS may be attributed to the differences in crystallization kinetics and/or the nonequilibrium conditions during the formation. It is also predicted that full methane occupancies in both small and medium clathrate cages are preferred at higher pressures but these cages are not fully occupied at lower pressures. It was found that both small and medium cages are equally favored for occupancy by methane guests and at the same methane content, the system suffers a free energy penalty if only one type of cage is occupied. The simulations confirm the instability of the hydrate when the small and medium cages are empty. Hydrate decomposition was observed when less than 40% of the small and medium cages are occupied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Susilo
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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Lu H, Seo YT, Lee JW, Moudrakovski I, Ripmeester JA, Chapman NR, Coffin RB, Gardner G, Pohlman J. Complex gas hydrate from the Cascadia margin. Nature 2007; 445:303-6. [PMID: 17230188 DOI: 10.1038/nature05463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural gas hydrates are a potential source of energy and may play a role in climate change and geological hazards. Most natural gas hydrate appears to be in the form of 'structure I', with methane as the trapped guest molecule, although 'structure II' hydrate has also been identified, with guest molecules such as isobutane and propane, as well as lighter hydrocarbons. A third hydrate structure, 'structure H', which is capable of trapping larger guest molecules, has been produced in the laboratory, but it has not been confirmed that it occurs in the natural environment. Here we characterize the structure, gas content and composition, and distribution of guest molecules in a complex natural hydrate sample recovered from Barkley canyon, on the northern Cascadia margin. We show that the sample contains structure H hydrate, and thus provides direct evidence for the natural occurrence of this hydrate structure. The structure H hydrate is intimately associated with structure II hydrate, and the two structures contain more than 13 different hydrocarbon guest molecules. We also demonstrate that the stability field of the complex gas hydrate lies between those of structure II and structure H hydrates, indicating that this form of hydrate is more stable than structure I and may thus potentially be found in a wider pressure-temperature regime than can methane hydrate deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lu
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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