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Wu J, Long J, Liu H, Sun G, Li J, Xu L, Xu C. Biogenic volatile organic compounds from 14 landscape woody species: Tree species selection in the construction of urban greenspace with forest healthcare effects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113761. [PMID: 34543971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) is an important part of forest healthcare effect, while it has not received enough attention in urban greenspace construction. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze BVOC emission rates and compositions released from leaves and flowers of landscape species in urban greenspace and to make suggestions for species selection and planting configuration in urban greenspace construction. BVOC emissions were collected and analyzed using dynamic flow enclosure technique with GC-MS in summer months (for leaf) and spring months (for flower) from 14 woody landscape species in northern China, which are 2 coniferous species (Pinus tabuliformis and Sabina vulgaris) and 12 broad-leaved species (Viburnum opulus, Kolkwitzia amabilis, Philadelphus pekinensis, Lonicera maackii, Cercis chinensis, Deutzia parviflora, Berberis thunbergia, Kerria japonica, Rosa xanthina, Syringa oblata, Syringa reticulata, and Cerasus serrulata). We found leaf emission rates of coniferous species were more than 20 μg∙g-1Dw∙h-1 and mainly consisted of monoterpenes, while that of sampled broad-leaved species were less than 10 μg∙g-1Dw∙h-1 and mainly consisted of fatty acid derivatives. Most broad-leaved species had relatively high emission rates of flowers, ranging from 15 to 115 μg∙g-1Dw∙h-1. Flower emissions of Syringa oblata and Syringa reticulata contained large amounts of aldehydes, and that of other broad-leaved species mainly contained terpenes, alcohols, and esters. We suggest the species with leaves that release large amounts of monoterpenes, and species with flowers that release large amounts of fragrant compounds are classified as healthcare species, while species with a dense crown and low emission rates of pungent compounds are classified as space-creation species. Based on this, planners could design urban greenspace with healthcare effects, and develop multi-functional, innovative, and sustainable urban greenspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiayi Long
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Haixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangpeng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wu Z, Zhang L, Walker JT, Makar PA, Perlinger JA, Wang X. Extension of a gaseous dry deposition algorithm to oxidized volatile organic compounds and hydrogen cyanide for application in chemistry transport models. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2021; 14:5093-5105. [PMID: 34721762 PMCID: PMC8549847 DOI: 10.5194/gmd-14-5093-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dry deposition process refers to flux loss of an atmospheric pollutant due to uptake of the pollutant by the Earth's surfaces, including vegetation, underlying soil, and any other surface types. In chemistry transport models (CTMs), the dry deposition flux of a chemical species is typically calculated as the product of its surface layer concentration and its dry deposition velocity (V d); the latter is a variable that needs to be highly empirically parameterized due to too many meteorological, biological, and chemical factors affecting this process. The gaseous dry deposition scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) parameterizes V d for 31 inorganic and organic gaseous species. The present study extends the scheme of Zhang et al. (2003) to include an additional 12 oxidized volatile organic compounds (oVOCs) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), while keeping the original model structure and formulas, to meet the demand of CTMs with increasing complexity. Model parameters for these additional chemical species are empirically chosen based on their physicochemical properties, namely the effective Henry's law constants and oxidizing capacities. Modeled V d values are compared against field flux measurements over a mixed forest in the southeastern US during June 2013. The model captures the basic features of the diel cycles of the observed V d. Modeled V d values are comparable to the measurements for most of the oVOCs at night. However, modeled V d values are mostly around 1 cm s-1 during daytime, which is much smaller than the observed daytime maxima of 2-5 cm s-1. Analysis of the individual resistance terms and uptake pathways suggests that flux divergence due to fast atmospheric chemical reactions near the canopy was likely the main cause of the large model-measurement discrepancies during daytime. The extended dry deposition scheme likely provides conservative V d values for many oVOCs. While higher V d values and bidirectional fluxes can be simulated by coupling key atmospheric chemical processes into the dry deposition scheme, we suggest that more experimental evidence of high oVOC V d values at additional sites is required to confirm the broader applicability of the high values studied here. The underlying processes leading to high measured oVOC V d values require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wu
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
- ORISE Fellow at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - John T. Walker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Paul A. Makar
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Judith A. Perlinger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Otu-Larbi F, Bolas CG, Ferracci V, Staniaszek Z, Jones RL, Malhi Y, Harris NRP, Wild O, Ashworth K. Modelling the effect of the 2018 summer heatwave and drought on isoprene emissions in a UK woodland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2320-2335. [PMID: 31837069 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Projected future climatic extremes such as heatwaves and droughts are expected to have major impacts on emissions and concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) with potential implications for air quality, climate and human health. While the effects of changing temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the synthesis and emission of isoprene, the most abundant of these bVOCs, are well known, the role of other environmental factors such as soil moisture stress are not fully understood and are therefore poorly represented in land surface models. As part of the Wytham Isoprene iDirac Oak Tree Measurements campaign, continuous measurements of isoprene mixing ratio were made throughout the summer of 2018 in Wytham Woods, a mixed deciduous woodland in southern England. During this time, the United Kingdom experienced a prolonged heatwave and drought, and isoprene mixing ratios were observed to increase by more than 400% at Wytham Woods under these conditions. We applied the state-of-the-art FORest Canopy-Atmosphere Transfer canopy exchange model to investigate the processes leading to these elevated concentrations. We found that although current isoprene emissions algorithms reproduced observed mixing ratios in the canopy before and after the heatwave, the model underestimated observations by ~40% during the heatwave-drought period implying that models may substantially underestimate the release of isoprene to the atmosphere in future cases of mild or moderate drought. Stress-induced emissions of isoprene based on leaf temperature and soil water content (SWC) were incorporated into current emissions algorithms leading to significant improvements in model output. A combination of SWC, leaf temperature and rewetting emission bursts provided the best model-measurement fit with a 50% improvement compared to the baseline model. Our results highlight the need for more long-term ecosystem-scale observations to enable improved model representation of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in a changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conor G Bolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerio Ferracci
- Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | | | - Roderic L Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil R P Harris
- Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Oliver Wild
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Kirsti Ashworth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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4
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Clifton OE, Fiore AM, Massman WJ, Baublitz CB, Coyle M, Emberson L, Fares S, Farmer DK, Gentine P, Gerosa G, Guenther AB, Helmig D, Lombardozzi DL, Munger JW, Patton EG, Pusede SE, Schwede DB, Silva SJ, Sörgel M, Steiner AL, Tai APK. Dry Deposition of Ozone over Land: Processes, Measurement, and Modeling. REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS (WASHINGTON, D.C. : 1985) 2020; 58:10.1029/2019RG000670. [PMID: 33748825 PMCID: PMC7970530 DOI: 10.1029/2019rg000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dry deposition of ozone is an important sink of ozone in near surface air. When dry deposition occurs through plant stomata, ozone can injure the plant, altering water and carbon cycling and reducing crop yields. Quantifying both stomatal and nonstomatal uptake accurately is relevant for understanding ozone's impact on human health as an air pollutant and on climate as a potent short-lived greenhouse gas and primary control on the removal of several reactive greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Robust ozone dry deposition estimates require knowledge of the relative importance of individual deposition pathways, but spatiotemporal variability in nonstomatal deposition is poorly understood. Here we integrate understanding of ozone deposition processes by synthesizing research from fields such as atmospheric chemistry, ecology, and meteorology. We critically review methods for measurements and modeling, highlighting the empiricism that underpins modeling and thus the interpretation of observations. Our unprecedented synthesis of knowledge on deposition pathways, particularly soil and leaf cuticles, reveals process understanding not yet included in widely-used models. If coordinated with short-term field intensives, laboratory studies, and mechanistic modeling, measurements from a few long-term sites would bridge the molecular to ecosystem scales necessary to establish the relative importance of individual deposition pathways and the extent to which they vary in space and time. Our recommended approaches seek to close knowledge gaps that currently limit quantifying the impact of ozone dry deposition on air quality, ecosystems, and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlene M Fiore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - William J Massman
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colleen B Baublitz
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Mhairi Coyle
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK and The James Hutton Institute, Craigibuckler, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lisa Emberson
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Silvano Fares
- Council of Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, and National Research Council, Institute of Bioeconomy, Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giacomo Gerosa
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Cattolica del S. C., Brescia, Italy
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Detlev Helmig
- Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - J William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sally E Pusede
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Donna B Schwede
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sam J Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Sörgel
- Max Plank Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Allison L Steiner
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Saha PK, Reece SM, Grieshop AP. Seasonally Varying Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation From In-Situ Oxidation of Near-Highway Air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7192-7202. [PMID: 29847110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which motor vehicles contribute to ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA) remains uncertain. Here, we present in situ measurements of SOA formation at a near-highway site with substantial tree-cover 10 m from Interstate 40 near Durham, North Carolina. In July 2015 (summer) and February 2016 (winter), we exposed ambient air to a range of oxidant (O3 and OH) concentrations in an oxidation flow reactor (OFR), resulting in hours to weeks of equivalent atmospheric aging. We observed substantial seasonal variation in SOA formation upon OFR aging; diurnally varying OA enhancements of ∼3-8 μg m-3 were observed in summer and significantly lower enhancements (∼0.5-1 μg m-3) in winter. Measurements in both seasons showed consistent changes in bulk OA properties (chemical composition; volatility) with OFR aging. Mild increases in traffic-related SOA precursors during summer partly explains the seasonal variation. However, biogenic emissions, with sharp temperature dependence, appear to dominate summer OFR-SOA. Our analysis indicates that SOA observed in the OFR is similar (within a factor of 2) to that predicted to form from traffic and biogenic precursors using literature yields, especially in winter. This study highlights the utility of the OFR for studying the prevalence of SOA precursors in complex real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Provat K Saha
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering , North Carolina State University , 431B Mann Hall , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Stephen M Reece
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering , North Carolina State University , 431B Mann Hall , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Andrew P Grieshop
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering , North Carolina State University , 431B Mann Hall , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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6
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Yu H, Guenther A, Gu D, Warneke C, Geron C, Goldstein A, Graus M, Karl T, Kaser L, Misztal P, Yuan B. Airborne measurements of isoprene and monoterpene emissions from southeastern U.S. forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:149-158. [PMID: 28384571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and monoterpene emission rates are essential inputs for atmospheric chemistry models that simulate atmospheric oxidant and particle distributions. Process studies of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms controlling these emissions are advancing our understanding and the accuracy of model predictions but efforts to quantify regional emissions have been limited by a lack of constraints on regional distributions of ecosystem emission capacities. We used an airborne wavelet-based eddy covariance measurement technique to characterize isoprene and monoterpene fluxes with high spatial resolution during the 2013 SAS (Southeast Atmosphere Study) in the southeastern United States. The fluxes measured by direct eddy covariance were comparable to emissions independently estimated using an indirect inverse modeling approach. Isoprene emission factors based on the aircraft wavelet flux estimates for high isoprene chemotypes (e.g., oaks) were similar to the MEGAN2.1 biogenic emission model estimates for landscapes dominated by oaks. Aircraft flux measurement estimates for landscapes with fewer isoprene emitting trees (e.g., pine plantations), were about a factor of two lower than MEGAN2.1 model estimates. The tendency for high isoprene emitters in these landscapes to occur in the shaded understory, where light dependent isoprene emissions are diminished, may explain the lower than expected emissions. This result demonstrates the importance of accurately representing the vertical profile of isoprene emitting biomass in biogenic emission models. Airborne measurement-based emission factors for high monoterpene chemotypes agreed with MEGAN2.1 in landscapes dominated by pine (high monoterpene chemotype) trees but were more than a factor of three higher than model estimates for landscapes dominated by oak (relatively low monoterpene emitting) trees. This results suggests that unaccounted processes, such as floral emissions or light dependent monoterpene emissions, or vegetation other than high monoterpene emitting trees may be an important source of monoterpene emissions in those landscapes and should be identified and included in biogenic emission models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Yu
- Dept. of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Alex Guenther
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Earth System Science, 3200 Croul Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3100, USA.
| | - Dasa Gu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Department of Earth System Science, 3200 Croul Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3100, USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA; CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Chris Geron
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environment Protection Agency, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Allen Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Martin Graus
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Karl
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Kaser
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pawel Misztal
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA; CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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7
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Makar PA, Staebler RM, Akingunola A, Zhang J, McLinden C, Kharol SK, Pabla B, Cheung P, Zheng Q. The effects of forest canopy shading and turbulence on boundary layer ozone. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15243. [PMID: 28516905 PMCID: PMC5454380 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere close to the surface is known to be strongly influenced by vegetation. However, two critical aspects of the forest environment have been neglected in the description of the large-scale influence of forests on air pollution: the reduction of photolysis reaction rates and the modification of vertical transport due to the presence of foliage. Here we show that foliage shading and foliage-modified vertical diffusion have a profound influence on atmospheric chemistry, both at the Earth's surface and extending throughout the atmospheric boundary layer. The absence of these processes in three-dimensional models may account for 59–72% of the positive bias in North American surface ozone forecasts, and up to 97% of the bias in forested regions within the continent. These processes are shown to have similar or greater influence on surface ozone levels as climate change and current emissions policy scenario simulations. Fully quantifying the influence of vegetation on atmospheric chemistry remains challenging. Here, the authors show that forest canopy shading and turbulence significantly modify air pollution throughout the atmospheric boundary layer, and must be taken into account in models of the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Makar
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - R M Staebler
- Air Quality Processes Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - A Akingunola
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - J Zhang
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - C McLinden
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - S K Kharol
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - B Pabla
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - P Cheung
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
| | - Q Zheng
- Air Quality Modelling and Integration Research Unit, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4
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8
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Geron CD, Daly RW, Arnts RR, Guenther AB, Mowry FL. Canopy level emissions of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes from an experimental Pinus taeda plantation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 565:730-741. [PMID: 27232720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) observed during 2007 from an experimental Pinus taeda plantation in Central North Carolina are compared with model estimates from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) version 2.1. Relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) estimates of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) fluxes are a factor of 3-4 higher than MEGAN estimates. MEGAN monoterpene emission estimates were a factor of approximately two higher than REA flux measurements. MEGAN β-caryophyllene emission estimates were within 60% of growing season REA flux estimates but were several times higher than REA fluxes during cooler, dormant season periods. The sum of other sesquiterpene emissions estimated by MEGAN was several times higher than REA estimates throughout the year. Model components are examined to understand these discrepancies. Measured summertime leaf area index (LAI) (and therefore foliar biomass) is a factor of two higher than assumed in MEGAN for the P. taeda default. Increasing the canopy mean MBO emission factor from 0.35 to 1.0mgm(-2)h(-1) also reduces MEGAN vs. REA flux differences. This increase is within current MBO emission factor uncertainties. The algorithm within MEGAN which adjusts isoprene emission estimates as a function of the temperature and light of the previous 24h seems also to improve the seasonal MEGAN MBO correlation with REA fluxes. Including the effects of the previous 240h, however, seems to degrade temporal model correlation with fluxes. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene composition data from the REA are compared with MEGAN2.1 estimates and also branch enclosure and needle extract data collected at this site. To our knowledge, the flux data presented here are the first reported for MBO and sesquiterpenes from a P. taeda ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Geron
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Ryan W Daly
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Robert R Arnts
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | | | - Fred L Mowry
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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9
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Observation and Analysis of Particle Nucleation at a Forest Site in Southeastern US. ATMOSPHERE 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos4020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Jardine K, Yañez Serrano A, Arneth A, Abrell L, Jardine A, van Haren J, Artaxo P, Rizzo LV, Ishida FY, Karl T, Kesselmeier J, Saleska S, Huxman T. Within-canopy sesquiterpene ozonolysis in Amazonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Ganguly D, Dey M, Sen S, Jana TK. Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of NOxin the tropical mangrove forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Maksymiuk CS, Gayahtri C, Gil RR, Donahue NM. Secondary organic aerosol formation from multiphase oxidation of limonene by ozone: mechanistic constraints via two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7810-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b820005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Bohn B. Solar spectral actinic flux and photolysis frequency measurements in a deciduous forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bohn B, Koppmann R, Rohrer F. Seasonal variations and profile measurements of photolysis frequenciesj(O1D) andj(NO2) at the ECHO forest field site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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