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Watanabe M, Oba A, Saito Y, Purevjav G, Gankhuyag B, Byamba-Ochir M, Zamba B, Shishime T. Enhancing scientific transparency in national CO 2 emissions reports via satellite-based a posteriori estimates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15427. [PMID: 37723239 PMCID: PMC10507059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biennial Update Reports (BURs) are essential requirements from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, many non-Annex I countries have not submitted these reports due to difficulties in compiling the inventories. We developed a satellite-based method for the top-down inverse estimation of CO2 emissions using partial-column data in the lower troposphere obtained by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite, adopted to validate the Mongolian 2nd BUR (BUR2) for the energy sector in 2018. The estimated CO2 emissions were only 1.5% higher than those reported in the BUR2; these were also very close (4.2% smaller) to estimates from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Mongolia is the first country to introduce an independent inverse estimate in its BUR, thereby increasing scientific transparency. Our method could be applied into other countries and could be incorporated into UNFCCC reporting guidelines, significantly improving global CO2 emission estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Watanabe
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, 1128551, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Oba
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, 1128551, Japan
| | - Yoko Saito
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, 1128551, Japan
| | - Gomboluudev Purevjav
- Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, 15160, Mongolia
| | - Batjargal Gankhuyag
- Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, 15160, Mongolia
| | - Munkhbat Byamba-Ochir
- Information and Research Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, Ulaanbaatar, 15160, Mongolia
| | - Batjargal Zamba
- Climate Change Research and Cooperation Centre, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14191, Mongolia
| | - Tomohiro Shishime
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, 1128551, Japan
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Zhao J, Li G, Cui W, Cao Q, Zhang H. Important evidence of constant low CO 2 windows and impacts on the non-closure of the greenhouse effect. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5033. [PMID: 30903004 PMCID: PMC6430819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The CO2 distribution in the atmosphere remains unclear for the complexity of the long-range vertical transport process and other influencing factors. In this work, regression analysis was used to verify the accuracy of CO2 concentrations datasets. Geostatistical analyses were used to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions of CO2 at 7 levels from near the surface to the mid-troposphere (0~5 km). Spatial correlation and time series analyses were used to further determine the diffusion characteristics of the CO2 concentration based on the horizontal wind (NCEP R2), which is one of the main driving factors. The results showed that the horizontal, not vertical, diffusion of CO2 becomes increasingly more prominent with the decrease in atmospheric pressure to the mid-troposphere, whereas many regions, such as the Rocky Mountains and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, have constant low values throughout the year due to the influence of high topography (up to 10.756 ppmv lower than that near the surface). These areas form low CO2 concentration 'windows' keeping letting thermal infrared energy out into space. This study is the first to question the existing view of the closure of the 'greenhouse effect'. Future research studies should more precisely determine the closure threshold and the uncertainties about the surface fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China. .,Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation, Sanya, 572029, P. R. China.
| | - Weihong Cui
- National Engineering Center for Geoinformatics, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100010, P. R. China.,International Eurasian Academy of Sciences (IEAS), Beijing, 100010, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haoping Zhang
- China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
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On Statistical Approaches to Generate Level 3 Products from Satellite Remote Sensing Retrievals. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Revadekar JV, Ravi Kumar K, Tiwari YK, Valsala V. Variability in AIRS CO2 during active and break phases of Indian summer monsoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1200-1207. [PMID: 26476061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to human activities, the atmospheric concentration of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) has been rising extensively since the Industrial Revolution. Indian summer monsoon (ISM) has a dominant westerly component from ocean to land with a strong tendency to ascend and hence may have role in CO2 distribution in lower and middle troposphere over Indian sub-continent. A substantial component of ISM variability arises from the fluctuations on the intra-seasonal scale between active and break phases which correspond to strong and weak monsoon circulation. In view of the above, an attempt is made in this study to examine the AIRS/AQUA satellite retrieved CO2 distribution in response to atmospheric circulation with focus on active and break phase. Correlation analysis indicates the increase in AIRS CO2 linked with strong monsoon circulation. Study also reveals that anomalous circulation pattern during active and break phase show resemblance with high and low values of AIRS CO2. Homogeneous monsoon regions of India show substantial increase in CO2 levels during active phase. Hilly regions of India show strong contrast in CO2 and vertical velocity during active and break phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Revadekar
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
| | - K Ravi Kumar
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India; National Institute of Polar Research, Japan
| | | | - Vinu Valsala
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
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Hammerling DM, Michalak AM, Kawa SR. Mapping of CO2at high spatiotemporal resolution using satellite observations: Global distributions from OCO-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bai W, Zhang X, Zhang P. Temporal and spatial distribution of tropospheric CO2 over China based on satellite observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Rinsland CP, Chiou LS, Boone C, Bernath P. Carbon dioxide retrievals from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment solar occultation measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alkhaled AA, Michalak AM, Kawa SR, Olsen SC, Wang JW. A global evaluation of the regional spatial variability of column integrated CO2distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strow LL, Hannon SE. A 4-year zonal climatology of lower tropospheric CO2derived from ocean-only Atmospheric Infrared Sounder observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Maddy ES, Barnet CD, Goldberg M, Sweeney C, Liu X. CO2retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder: Methodology and validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Choi Y, Vay SA, Vadrevu KP, Soja AJ, Woo JH, Nolf SR, Sachse GW, Diskin GS, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Singh HB, Avery MA, Fried A, Pfister L, Fuelberg HE. Characteristics of the atmospheric CO2signal as observed over the conterminous United States during INTEX-NA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peylin P, Bréon FM, Serrar S, Tiwari Y, Chédin A, Gloor M, Machida T, Brenninkmeijer C, Zahn A, Ciais P. Evaluation of Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS-N) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) spaceborne CO2estimates using model simulations and aircraft data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bergamaschi P, Frankenberg C, Meirink JF, Krol M, Dentener F, Wagner T, Platt U, Kaplan JO, Körner S, Heimann M, Dlugokencky EJ, Goede A. Satellite chartography of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT: 2. Evaluation based on inverse model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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