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Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017. [PMID: 29527424 DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:11201-11226. [PMID: 29527424 PMCID: PMC5839129 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Borbon A, Ruiz M, Bechara J, Aumont B, Chong M, Huntrieser H, Mari C, Reeves CE, Scialom G, Hamburger T, Stark H, Afif C, Jambert C, Mills G, Schlager H, Perros PE. Transport and chemistry of formaldehyde by mesoscale convective systems in West Africa during AMMA 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fried A, Olson JR, Walega JG, Crawford JH, Chen G, Weibring P, Richter D, Roller C, Tittel F, Porter M, Fuelberg H, Halland J, Bertram TH, Cohen RC, Pickering K, Heikes BG, Snow JA, Shen H, O'Sullivan DW, Brune WH, Ren X, Blake DR, Blake N, Sachse G, Diskin GS, Podolske J, Vay SA, Shetter RE, Hall SR, Anderson BE, Thornhill L, Clarke AD, McNaughton CS, Singh HB, Avery MA, Huey G, Kim S, Millet DB. Role of convection in redistributing formaldehyde to the upper troposphere over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Isotope Effects in Photodissociation: Chemical Reaction Dynamics and Implications for Atmospheres. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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