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Hughes MN, Arvidson RE, Dietrich WE, Lamb MP, Catalano JG, Grotzinger JP, Bryk AB. Canyon Wall and Floor Debris Deposits in Aeolis Mons, Mars. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2022; 127:e2021JE006848. [PMID: 35859923 PMCID: PMC9285757 DOI: 10.1029/2021je006848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeolis Mons (informally, Mount Sharp) exhibits a number of canyons, including Gediz and Sakarya Valles. Poorly sorted debris deposits are evident on both canyon floors and connect with debris extending down the walls for canyon segments that cut through sulphate-bearing strata. On the floor of Gediz Vallis, debris overfills a central channel and merges with a massive debris ridge located at the canyon terminus. One wall-based debris ridge is evident. In comparison, the floor of Sakarya Vallis exhibits a complex array of debris deposits. Debris deposits on wall segments within Sakarya Vallis are mainly contained within chutes that extend downhill from scarps. Lateral debris ridges are also evident on chute margins. We interpret the debris deposits in the two canyons to be a consequence of one or more late-stage hydrogeomorphic events that increased the probability of landslides, assembled and channelized debris on the canyon floors, and moved materials down-canyon. The highly soluble nature of the sulphate-bearing rocks likely contributed to enhanced debris generation by concurrent aqueous weathering to produce blocky regolith for transport downslope by fluvial activity and landslides, including some landslides that became debris flows. Subsequent wind erosion in Gediz Vallis removed most of the debris deposits within that canyon and partially eroded the deposits within Sakarya Vallis. The enhanced wind erosion within Gediz Vallis was a consequence of the canyon's alignment with prevailing slope winds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Hughes
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - W. E. Dietrich
- Department of Earth and Planetary ScienceUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - M. P. Lamb
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - J. G. Catalano
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - J. P. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - A. B. Bryk
- Department of Earth and Planetary ScienceUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA
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Shkolyar S, Eshelman EJ, Farmer JD, Hamilton D, Daly MG, Youngbull C. Detecting Kerogen as a Biosignature Using Colocated UV Time-Gated Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. ASTROBIOLOGY 2018; 18:431-453. [PMID: 29624103 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Mars 2020 mission will analyze samples in situ and identify any that could have preserved biosignatures in ancient habitable environments for later return to Earth. Highest priority targeted samples include aqueously formed sedimentary lithologies. On Earth, such lithologies can contain fossil biosignatures as aromatic carbon (kerogen). In this study, we analyzed nonextracted kerogen in a diverse suite of natural, complex samples using colocated UV excitation (266 nm) time-gated (UV-TG) Raman and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopies. We interrogated kerogen and its host matrix in samples to (1) explore the capabilities of UV-TG Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies for detecting kerogen in high-priority targets in the search for possible biosignatures on Mars; (2) assess the effectiveness of time gating and UV laser wavelength in reducing fluorescence in Raman spectra; and (3) identify sample-specific issues that could challenge rover-based identifications of kerogen using UV-TG Raman spectroscopy. We found that ungated UV Raman spectroscopy is suited to identify diagnostic kerogen Raman bands without interfering fluorescence and that UV fluorescence spectroscopy is suited to identify kerogen. These results highlight the value of combining colocated Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies, similar to those obtainable by SHERLOC on Mars 2020, to strengthen the confidence of kerogen detection as a potential biosignature in complex natural samples. Key Words: Raman spectroscopy-Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy-Mars Sample Return-Mars 2020 mission-Kerogen-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 18, 431-453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Shkolyar
- 1 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona
- 2 Current address: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Evan J Eshelman
- 3 The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science (CRESS), York University , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack D Farmer
- 1 School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona
| | - David Hamilton
- 3 The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science (CRESS), York University , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Daly
- 3 The Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science (CRESS), York University , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cody Youngbull
- 4 Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana , Polson, Montana
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3
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Qu Y, Engdahl A, Zhu S, Vajda V, McLoughlin N. Ultrastructural Heterogeneity of Carbonaceous Material in Ancient Cherts: Investigating Biosignature Origin and Preservation. ASTROBIOLOGY 2015; 15:825-42. [PMID: 26496525 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2015.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Opaline silica deposits on Mars may be good target sites where organic biosignatures could be preserved. Potential analogues on Earth are provided by ancient cherts containing carbonaceous material (CM) permineralized by silica. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure and chemical characteristics of CM in the Rhynie chert (c. 410 Ma, UK), Bitter Springs Formation (c. 820 Ma, Australia), and Wumishan Formation (c. 1485 Ma, China). Raman spectroscopy indicates that the CM has experienced advanced diagenesis or low-grade metamorphism at peak metamorphic temperatures of 150-350°C. Raman mapping and micro-Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to document subcellular-scale variation in the CM of fossilized plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and carbonaceous stromatolites. In the Rhynie chert, ultrastructural variation in the CM was found within individual fossils, while in coccoidal and filamentous microfossils of the Bitter Springs and formless CM of the Wumishan stromatolites ultrastructural variation was found between, not within, different microfossils. This heterogeneity cannot be explained by secondary geological processes but supports diverse carbonaceous precursors that experienced differential graphitization. Micro-FTIR analysis found that CM with lower structural order contains more straight carbon chains (has a lower R3/2 branching index) and that the structural order of eukaryotic CM is more heterogeneous than prokaryotic CM. This study demonstrates how Raman spectroscopy combined with micro-FTIR can be used to investigate the origin and preservation of silica-permineralized organics. This approach has good capability for furthering our understanding of CM preserved in Precambrian cherts, and potential biosignatures in siliceous deposits on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangao Qu
- 1 Department of Earth Science and Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen , Norway
| | | | - Shixing Zhu
- 3 Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources , CGS, China
| | - Vivi Vajda
- 4 Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Sweden
- 5 Department of Geology, Lund University , Sweden
| | - Nicola McLoughlin
- 1 Department of Earth Science and Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen , Norway
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Foucher F, Westall F. Raman imaging of metastable opal in carbonaceous microfossils of the 700-800 ma old Draken Formation. ASTROBIOLOGY 2013; 13:57-67. [PMID: 23276206 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2012.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Opaline silica was detected, with Raman spectroscopy, in carbonaceous microfossils (especially Myxococcoides) in silicified filamentous microbial mats within dolomitized conglomerates of the Draken Formation (-800 to -700 Ma). High-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) and microprobe analyses were used to confirm the nature of this phase in the quartz matrix of the microbial mats. The silica likely precipitated in a microcrystalline form onto the organic macromolecules around, and within, the degrading microorganisms and preserved them by inhibiting the natural phase change to quartz. The Raman signal of opaline silica associated with carbonaceous matter and other biosignatures could be a potential indicator of biogenicity. This kind of association could be very useful during the future ExoMars mission (ESA/Roscosmos, 2018) that will search for traces of past life on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Foucher
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR CNRS 4301, Orléans, France.
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5
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Weitz CM, Noe Dobrea EZ, Lane MD, Knudson AT. Geologic relationships between gray hematite, sulfates, and clays in Capri Chasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012je004092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ruff SW, Farmer JD, Calvin WM, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson JR, Morris RV, Rice MS, Arvidson RE, Bell JF, Christensen PR, Squyres SW. Characteristics, distribution, origin, and significance of opaline silica observed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andrews-Hanna JC, Lewis KW. Early Mars hydrology: 2. Hydrological evolution in the Noachian and Hesperian epochs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Arvidson RE, Ashley JW, Bell JF, Chojnacki M, Cohen J, Economou TE, Farrand WH, Fergason R, Fleischer I, Geissler P, Gellert R, Golombek MP, Grotzinger JP, Guinness EA, Haberle RM, Herkenhoff KE, Herman JA, Iagnemma KD, Jolliff BL, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Knudson AT, Li R, McLennan SM, Mittlefehldt DW, Morris RV, Parker TJ, Rice MS, Schröder C, Soderblom LA, Squyres SW, Sullivan RJ, Wolff MJ. Opportunity Mars Rover mission: Overview and selected results from Purgatory ripple to traverses to Endeavour crater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Wray JJ, Milliken RE, Dundas CM, Swayze GA, Andrews-Hanna JC, Baldridge AM, Chojnacki M, Bishop JL, Ehlmann BL, Murchie SL, Clark RN, Seelos FP, Tornabene LL, Squyres SW. Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Michalski JR, Poulet F, Loizeau D, Mangold N, Dobrea EN, Bishop JL, Wray JJ, McKeown NK, Parente M, Hauber E, Altieri F, Carrozzo FG, Niles PB. The Mawrth Vallis region of Mars: A potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:687-703. [PMID: 20950170 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2010.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2011, is to characterize the habitability of a site on Mars through detailed analyses of the composition and geological context of surface materials. Within the framework of established mission goals, we have evaluated the value of a possible landing site in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars that is targeted directly on some of the most geologically and astrobiologically enticing materials in the Solar System. The area around Mawrth Vallis contains a vast (>1 × 10⁶ km²) deposit of phyllosilicate-rich, ancient, layered rocks. A thick (>150 m) stratigraphic section that exhibits spectral evidence for nontronite, montmorillonite, amorphous silica, kaolinite, saponite, other smectite clay minerals, ferrous mica, and sulfate minerals indicates a rich geological history that may have included multiple aqueous environments. Because phyllosilicates are strong indicators of ancient aqueous activity, and the preservation potential of biosignatures within sedimentary clay deposits is high, martian phyllosilicate deposits are desirable astrobiological targets. The proposed MSL landing site at Mawrth Vallis is located directly on the largest and most phyllosilicate-rich deposit on Mars and is therefore an excellent place to explore for evidence of life or habitability.
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11
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Preston LJ, Genge MJ. The Rhynie Chert, Scotland, and the search for life on Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:549-60. [PMID: 20624061 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2008.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of ancient terrestrial hydrothermal systems-how they preserve biological information and how this information can be detected-is important in unraveling the history of life on Earth and, perhaps, that of extinct life on Mars. The Rhynie Chert in Scotland was originally deposited as siliceous sinter from Early Devonian hot springs and contains exceptionally well-preserved fossils of some of the earliest plants and animals to colonize the land. The aim of this study was to identify biomolecules within the samples through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and aid current techniques in identification of ancient hot spring deposits and their biological components on Mars. Floral and faunal fossils within the Rhynie Chert are commonly known; but new, FTIR spectroscopic analyses of these fossils has allowed for identification of biomolecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and OH molecules that are potentially derived from the fossilized biota and their environment. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GCMS) data were used to identify n-alkanes; however, this alone cannot be related to the samples' biota. Silicified microfossils are more resistant to weathering or dissolution, which renders them more readily preservable over time. This is of particular interest in astropaleontological research, considering the similarities in the early evolution of Mars and Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa J Preston
- Impact and Astromaterials Research Centre (IARC), Imperial College London and The Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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12
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The Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C): a potential rover mission for 2018. Final report of the Mars Mid-Range Rover Science Analysis Group (MRR-SAG) October 14, 2009. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:127-163. [PMID: 20298148 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2010.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This report documents the work of the Mid-Range Rover Science Analysis Group (MRR-SAG), which was assigned to formulate a concept for a potential rover mission that could be launched to Mars in 2018. Based on programmatic and engineering considerations as of April 2009, our deliberations assumed that the potential mission would use the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) sky-crane landing system and include a single solar-powered rover. The mission would also have a targeting accuracy of approximately 7 km (semimajor axis landing ellipse), a mobility range of at least 10 km, and a lifetime on the martian surface of at least 1 Earth year. An additional key consideration, given recently declining budgets and cost growth issues with MSL, is that the proposed rover must have lower cost and cost risk than those of MSL--this is an essential consideration for the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG). The MRR-SAG was asked to formulate a mission concept that would address two general objectives: (1) conduct high priority in situ science and (2) make concrete steps toward the potential return of samples to Earth. The proposed means of achieving these two goals while balancing the trade-offs between them are described here in detail. We propose the name Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher(MAX-C) to reflect the dual purpose of this potential 2018 rover mission.
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13
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McAdam AC, Zolotov MY, Mironenko MV, Sharp TG. Formation of silica by low-temperature acid alteration of Martian rocks: Physical-chemical constraints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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McSween HY, Ruff SW, Morris RV, Gellert R, Klingelhöfer G, Christensen PR, McCoy TJ, Ghosh A, Moersch JM, Cohen BA, Rogers AD, Schröder C, Squyres SW, Crisp J, Yen A. Mineralogy of volcanic rocks in Gusev Crater, Mars: Reconciling Mössbauer, Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer, and Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Tosca NJ, McLennan SM, Dyar MD, Sklute EC, Michel FM. Fe oxidation processes at Meridiani Planum and implications for secondary Fe mineralogy on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Yen AS, Morris RV, Clark BC, Gellert R, Knudson AT, Squyres S, Mittlefehldt DW, Ming DW, Arvidson R, McCoy T, Schmidt M, Hurowitz J, Li R, Johnson JR. Hydrothermal processes at Gusev Crater: An evaluation of Paso Robles class soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Zolotov MY, Mironenko MV. Timing of acid weathering on Mars: A kinetic-thermodynamic assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Chevrier V, Poulet F, Bibring JP. Early geochemical environment of Mars as determined from thermodynamics of phyllosilicates. Nature 2007; 448:60-3. [PMID: 17611538 DOI: 10.1038/nature05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Images of geomorphological features that seem to have been produced by the action of liquid water have been considered evidence for wet surface conditions on early Mars. Moreover, the recent identification of large deposits of phyllosilicates, associated with the ancient Noachian terrains suggests long-timescale weathering of the primary basaltic crust by liquid water. It has been proposed that a greenhouse effect resulting from a carbon-dioxide-rich atmosphere sustained the temperate climate required to maintain liquid water on the martian surface during the Noachian. The apparent absence of carbonates and the low escape rates of carbon dioxide, however, are indicative of an early martian atmosphere with low levels of carbon dioxide. Here we investigate the geochemical conditions prevailing on the surface of Mars during the Noachian period using calculations of the aqueous equilibria of phyllosilicates. Our results show that Fe3+-rich phyllosilicates probably precipitated under weakly acidic to alkaline pH, an environment different from that of the following period, which was dominated by strongly acid weathering that led to the sulphate deposits identified on Mars. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrate that the oxidation state of the martian surface was already high, supporting early escape of hydrogen. Finally, equilibrium with carbonates implies that phyllosilicate precipitation occurs preferentially at a very low partial pressure of carbon dioxide. We suggest that the possible absence of Noachian carbonates more probably resulted from low levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, rather than primary acidic conditions. Other greenhouse gases may therefore have played a part in sustaining a warm and wet climate on the early Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chevrier
- W. M. Keck Laboratory for Space Simulation, Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, MUSE 202, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
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19
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Glotch TD, Rogers AD. Evidence for aqueous deposition of hematite- and sulfate-rich light-toned layered deposits in Aureum and Iani Chaos, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Ruff SW, Christensen PR, Blaney DL, Farrand WH, Johnson JR, Michalski JR, Moersch JE, Wright SP, Squyres SW. The rocks of Gusev Crater as viewed by the Mini-TES instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Ruff
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - D. L. Blaney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | | | | | - J. R. Michalski
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - S. P. Wright
- School of Earth and Space Exploration; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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Johnson JR, Grundy WM, Lemmon MT, Bell JF, Johnson MJ, Deen R, Arvidson RE, Farrand WH, Guinness E, Hayes AG, Herkenhoff KE, Seelos F, Soderblom J, Squyres S. Spectrophotometric properties of materials observed by Pancam on the Mars Exploration Rovers: 2. Opportunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Miles J. Johnson
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Robert Deen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - E. Guinness
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Alexander G. Hayes
- Lincoln Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - K. E. Herkenhoff
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - F. Seelos
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Johns Hopkins University; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - J. Soderblom
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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22
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Bollen D, Bell JF, Brückner J, Cabrol NA, Calvin WM, Carr MH, Christensen PR, Clark BC, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, d'Uston C, Economou T, Farmer J, Farrand WH, Folkner W, Gellert R, Glotch TD, Golombek M, Gorevan S, Grant JA, Greeley R, Grotzinger J, Herkenhoff KE, Hviid S, Johnson JR, Klingelhöfer G, Knoll AH, Landis G, Lemmon M, Li R, Madsen MB, Malin MC, McLennan SM, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Morris RV, Parker T, Rice JW, Richter L, Rieder R, Schröder C, Sims M, Smith M, Smith P, Soderblom LA, Sullivan R, Tosca NJ, Wänke H, Wdowiak T, Wolff M, Yen A. Overview of the Opportunity Mars Exploration Rover Mission to Meridiani Planum: Eagle Crater to Purgatory Ripple. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - D. Bollen
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - J. Brückner
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames/SETI Institute; Moffett Field California USA
| | - W. M. Calvin
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Nevada, Reno; Reno Nevada USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- U.S. Geological Survey; Menlo Park California USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - B. C. Clark
- Lockheed Martin Corporation; Littleton Colorado USA
| | - L. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | - C. d'Uston
- Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements; Toulouse France
| | - T. Economou
- Enrico Fermi Institute; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | - J. Farmer
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - W. Folkner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of Physics; University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario Canada
| | - T. D. Glotch
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies; Smithsonian Institution; Washington, D. C. USA
| | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - S. Hviid
- Max Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | | | - G. Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - A. H. Knoll
- Botanical Museum; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - G. Landis
- NASA Glenn Research Center; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - M. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - M. B. Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute; Ørsted Laboratory; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. C. Malin
- Malin Space Science Systems; San Diego California USA
| | - S. M. McLennan
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - H. Y. McSween
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - D. W. Ming
- NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston Texas USA
| | - J. Moersch
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | | | - T. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - L. Richter
- DLR Institute of Space Simulation; Cologne Germany
| | - R. Rieder
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität; Mainz Germany
| | - M. Sims
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - M. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - P. Smith
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | | | - R. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University, Space Sciences Building; Ithaca New York USA
| | - N. J. Tosca
- Department of Geosciences; State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
| | - H. Wänke
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie; Mainz Germany
| | - T. Wdowiak
- Department of Physics; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - M. Wolff
- Space Science Institute; Martinez Georgia USA
| | - A. Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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Glotch TD, Bandfield JL. Determination and interpretation of surface and atmospheric Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectral end-members at the Meridiani Planum landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Glotch
- Division of Geological and Planetary Science; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Joshua L. Bandfield
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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