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Seela BK, Janapati J, Lin PL, Lee MT. An insight into the microphysical attributes of northwest Pacific tropical cyclones. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4432. [PMID: 36932090 PMCID: PMC10023739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Northwestern Pacific (NWP) tropical cyclones (TCs) impose a severe threat to the life and economy of the people living in East Asian countries. The microphysical features, mainly the raindrop size distributions (RSD) of TCs that improve the modeling simulation and rainfall estimation algorithms, are limited to case studies, and an extensive understanding of TCs' RSD is still scarce over the northwest Pacific. Here, we examine a comprehensive outlook on disparities in microphysical attributes of NWP TCs with radial distance and storm type, using sixteen years of disdrometer, ground-based radar, and reanalysis datasets in north Taiwan. We find that dominant stratiform precipitation in the inner rainbands leads to the occurrence of more bigger drops in the inner rainbands than the inner core and outer rainbands. Moreover, a decrease in mass-weighted mean diameter and rainfall rate with radial distance is associated with a reduction in moisture availability for various circumstances, and this association is deceptive in intense storms. Our findings give an insight into crucial processes governing microphysical inequalities in different regions of NWP TCs, with implications for the ground-based and remote-sensing rainfall estimation algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Kumar Seela
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jayalakshmi Janapati
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Pay-Liam Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. .,Earthquake-Disaster and Risk Evaluation and Management Center, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Hazard Mitigation and Prevention, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Tze Lee
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Leonard JS, Whipple KX, Heimsath AM. Isolating climatic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on mountain landscape evolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8915. [PMID: 36662857 PMCID: PMC9858509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Establishing that climate exerts an important general influence on topography in tectonically active settings has proven an elusive goal. Here, we show that climates ranging from arid to humid consistently influence fluvial erosional efficiency and thus topography, and this effect is captured by a simple metric that combines channel steepness and mean annual rainfall, ksnQ. Accounting for spatial rainfall variability additionally increases the sensitivity of channel steepness to lithologic and tectonic controls on topography, enhancing predictions of erosion and rock uplift rates, and supports the common assumption of a reference concavity near 0.5. In contrast, the standard channel steepness metric, ksn, intrinsically assumes that climate is uniform. Consequently, its use where rainfall varies spatially undermines efforts to distinguish climate from tectonic and lithologic effects, can bias reference concavity estimates, and may ultimately lead to false impressions about rock uplift patterns and other environmental influences. Capturing climate is therefore a precondition to understanding mountain landscape evolution.
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Janapati J, Seela BK, Lin PL, Wang PK, Kumar U. An assessment of tropical cyclones rainfall erosivity for Taiwan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15862. [PMID: 31676836 PMCID: PMC6825239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainfall erosivity (or water erosion) has severe implications on agriculture, water, and land use management. Though, there were Rainfall erosivity studies on regional and global scale, tropical cyclones’ Rainfall erosivity is poorly assessed and have not been documented for one of the most cyclones affecting regions of the world like Taiwan. Here, using 15-years of raindrop size distributions (RSD) and 60-years of hourly rain gauges data, we estimated cyclones (also called typhoons) rainfall erosivity over Taiwan, and establish that typhoons’ mean rainfall erosivity is higher than the global mean rainfall erosivity. Moreover, regional variability of typhoons rainfall erosivity showed an increasing pattern from north to south (Taipei to Pingtung), with relatively higher values over eastern and southern parts of Taiwan. The annual mean erosivity of typhoons rainfall showed raising trends over eastern and southern Taiwan during 1958–2017. Our results provide an insight in assessing the land use and agricultural management for Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Janapati
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhong-Li Region, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan
| | - Balaji Kumar Seela
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhong-Li Region, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Earth System Science Program, Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pay-Liam Lin
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhong-Li Region, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan. .,Earthquake-Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Management Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li Region, Tao-yuan City, Taiwan.
| | - Pao K Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Utpal Kumar
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Earth System Science Program, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, and National Central University, Jhong-Li Region, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan
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Identifying the relationships between water quality and land cover changes in the Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed of Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:478-89. [PMID: 23358232 PMCID: PMC3635156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects on water quality of land use and land cover changes, which are associated with human activities and natural factors, are poorly identified. Fine resolution satellite imagery provides opportunities for land cover monitoring and assessment. The multiple satellite images after typhoon events collected from 2001 to 2010 covering land areas and land cover conditions are evaluated by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The relationship between land cover and observed water quality, such as suspended solids (SS) and nitrate-nitrogens (NO(3)-N), are explored in the study area. Results show that the long-term variations in water quality are explained by NDVI data in the reservoir buffer zones. Suspended solid and nitrate concentrations are related to average NDVI values on multiple spatial scales. Annual NO(3)-N concentrations are positively correlated with an average NDVI with a 1 km reservoir buffer area, and the SS after typhoon events associated with landslides are negatively correlated with the average NDVI in the entire watershed. This study provides an approach for assessing the influences of land cover on variations in water quality.
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Stark CP, Barbour JR, Hayakawa YS, Hattanji T, Hovius N, Chen H, Lin CW, Horng MJ, Xu KQ, Fukahata Y. The Climatic Signature of Incised River Meanders. Science 2010; 327:1497-501. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1184406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin P. Stark
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Barbour
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
| | - Yuichi S. Hayakawa
- Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattanji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Niels Hovius
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Hongey Chen
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Weei Lin
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jame Horng
- Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Hsin-Yi Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Qin Xu
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yukitoshi Fukahata
- Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Gokasyo, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Warrick JA, Mertes LA. Sediment yield from the tectonically active semiarid Western Transverse Ranges of California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1130/b26452.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Warrick
- USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA
| | - Leal A.K. Mertes
- Department of Geography and Institute for Computational Earth System Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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