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Abstract
This study compares and analyzes simulations of ozone under different scenarios by three CMIP6 models (IPSL-CM6A, MRI-ESM2 and CESM-WACCM). Results indicate that as the social vulnerability and anthropogenic radiative forcing is increasing, the change of total column ozone in the tropical stratosphere is not linear. Compared to the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the SSP1-2.6 and SSP3-7.0 are more favorable for the increase in stratospheric ozone mass in the tropics. Arctic ozone would never recover under the SSP1-2.6 scenario; however, the Antarctica ozone would gradually recover in all scenarios. Under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios, the trend of tropical total column ozone is mainly determined by the trend of column ozone in the tropical troposphere. Under the SSP3-7.0 scenario, tropospheric ozone concentration will significantly increase; under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, ozone concentration will distinctly increase in the middle and lower troposphere.
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2
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Damadeo RP, Zawodny JM, Remsberg EE, Walker KA. The impact of nonuniform sampling on stratospheric ozone trends derived from occultation instruments. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2018; 18:535-554. [PMID: 32572335 PMCID: PMC7306915 DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-535-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper applies a recently developed technique for deriving long-term trends in ozone from sparsely sampled data sets to multiple occultation instruments simultaneously without the need for homogenization. The technique can compensate for the nonuniform temporal, spatial, and diurnal sampling of the different instruments and can also be used to account for biases and drifts between instruments. These problems have been noted in recent international assessments as being a primary source of uncertainty that clouds the significance of derived trends. Results show potential "recovery" trends of ∼2-3 % decade-1 in the upper stratosphere at midlatitudes, which are similar to other studies, and also how sampling biases present in these data sets can create differences in derived recovery trends of up to ∼1 % decade-1 if not properly accounted for. Limitations inherent to all techniques (e.g., relative instrument drifts) and their impacts (e.g., trend differences up to ∼2 % decade-1) are also described and a potential path forward towards resolution is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kaley A. Walker
- University of Toronto, Department of Physics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chatterjee A, Gierach MM, Sutton AJ, Feely RA, Crisp D, Eldering A, Gunson MR, O'Dell CW, Stephens BB, Schimel DS. Influence of El Niño on atmospheric CO 2 over the tropical Pacific Ocean: Findings from NASA's OCO-2 mission. Science 2018; 358:358/6360/eaam5776. [PMID: 29026014 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spaceborne observations of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 are used to characterize the response of tropical atmospheric CO2 concentrations to the strong El Niño event of 2015-2016. Although correlations between the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation are well known, the magnitude of the correlation and the timing of the responses of oceanic and terrestrial carbon cycle remain poorly constrained in space and time. We used space-based CO2 observations to confirm that the tropical Pacific Ocean does play an early and important role in modulating the changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations during El Niño events-a phenomenon inferred but not previously observed because of insufficient high-density, broad-scale CO2 observations over the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chatterjee
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA. .,NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M M Gierach
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A J Sutton
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA.,Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R A Feely
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Crisp
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - A Eldering
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - M R Gunson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - C W O'Dell
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - B B Stephens
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D S Schimel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Davis SM, Rosenlof KH, Hassler B, Hurst DF, Read WG, Vömel H, Selkirk H, Fujiwara M, Damadeo R. The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 2016; 8:461-490. [PMID: 28966693 PMCID: PMC5619261 DOI: 10.5194/essd-8-461-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from a subset of the limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980s. The primary SWOOSH products are zonal-mean monthly-mean time series of water vapor and ozone mixing ratio on pressure levels (12 levels per decade from 316 to 1 hPa). The SWOOSH pressure level products are provided on several independent zonal-mean grids (2.5, 5, and 10°), and additional products include two coarse 3-D griddings (30° long × 10° lat, 20° × 5°) as well as a zonal-mean isentropic product. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a "reference" satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous (i.e., with minimal artificial jumps in time) and accurate (i.e., unbiased). This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal timescales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are publicly available at doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Davis
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Birgit Hassler
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dale F. Hurst
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William G. Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Henry Selkirk
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
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SIEBECK UE, O'CONNOR J, BRAUN C, LEIS JM. Do human activities influence survival and orientation abilities of larval fishes in the ocean? Integr Zool 2015; 10:65-82. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike E. SIEBECK
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Jack O'CONNOR
- Ichthyology; The Australian Museum; Sydney Australia
- Department of Environmental Studies; University of Technology Sydney; Ultimo Australia
| | - Christoph BRAUN
- School of Biomedical Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. LEIS
- Ichthyology; The Australian Museum; Sydney Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
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Shang L, Tian W, Dhomse S, Chipperfield MP, Liu Y, Wang W. Direct and indirect effects of solar variations on stratospheric ozone and temperature. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang S, Li KF, Pongetti TJ, Sander SP, Yung YL, Liang MC, Livesey NJ, Santee ML, Harder JW, Snow M, Mills FP. Midlatitude atmospheric OH response to the most recent 11-y solar cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:2023-8. [PMID: 23341617 PMCID: PMC3568342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1117790110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays an important role in middle atmospheric photochemistry, particularly in ozone (O(3)) chemistry. Because it is mainly produced through photolysis and has a short chemical lifetime, OH is expected to show rapid responses to solar forcing [e.g., the 11-y solar cycle (SC)], resulting in variabilities in related middle atmospheric O(3) chemistry. Here, we present an effort to investigate such OH variability using long-term observations (from space and the surface) and model simulations. Ground-based measurements and data from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite suggest an ∼7-10% decrease in OH column abundance from solar maximum to solar minimum that is highly correlated with changes in total solar irradiance, solar Mg-II index, and Lyman-α index during SC 23. However, model simulations using a commonly accepted solar UV variability parameterization give much smaller OH variability (∼3%). Although this discrepancy could result partially from the limitations in our current understanding of middle atmospheric chemistry, recently published solar spectral irradiance data from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment suggest a solar UV variability that is much larger than previously believed. With a solar forcing derived from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment data, modeled OH variability (∼6-7%) agrees much better with observations. Model simulations reveal the detailed chemical mechanisms, suggesting that such OH variability and the corresponding catalytic chemistry may dominate the O(3) SC signal in the upper stratosphere. Continuing measurements through SC 24 are required to understand this OH variability and its impacts on O(3) further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
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Forster PM, Fomichev VI, Rozanov E, Cagnazzo C, Jonsson AI, Langematz U, Fomin B, Iacono MJ, Mayer B, Mlawer E, Myhre G, Portmann RW, Akiyoshi H, Falaleeva V, Gillett N, Karpechko A, Li J, Lemennais P, Morgenstern O, Oberländer S, Sigmond M, Shibata K. Evaluation of radiation scheme performance within chemistry climate models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Randel WJ, Thompson AM. Interannual variability and trends in tropical ozone derived from SAGE II satellite data and SHADOZ ozonesondes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Oman LD, Plummer DA, Waugh DW, Austin J, Scinocca JF, Douglass AR, Salawitch RJ, Canty T, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dhomse S, Eyring V, Frith S, Hardiman SC, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Olivié D, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Stolarski RS, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y, Ziemke JR. Multimodel assessment of the factors driving stratospheric ozone evolution over the 21st century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. D. Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - D. A. Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis; Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - D. W. Waugh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - J. Austin
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - J. F. Scinocca
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis; Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - A. R. Douglass
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - R. J. Salawitch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - T. Canty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - H. Akiyoshi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | | | - P. Braesicke
- NCAS-Climate-Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Dhomse
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - V. Eyring
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
| | - S. Frith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | | | | | | | - E. Mancini
- Dipartimento di Fisica; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | | | - M. Michou
- GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - O. Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - T. Nakamura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - J. E. Nielsen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | - D. Olivié
- GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - G. Pitari
- Dipartimento di Fisica; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - J. Pyle
- NCAS-Climate-Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - E. Rozanov
- Physical-Meteorological Observatory Davos, World Radiation Center; Davos Switzerland
- IAC, ETHZ; Zurich Switzerland
| | - T. G. Shepherd
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - K. Shibata
- Meteorological Research Institute; Japan Meteorological Agency; Tsukuba Japan
| | - R. S. Stolarski
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - W. Tian
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Y. Yamashita
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - J. R. Ziemke
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Catonsville Maryland USA
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Ray EA, Moore FL, Rosenlof KH, Davis SM, Boenisch H, Morgenstern O, Smale D, Rozanov E, Hegglin M, Pitari G, Mancini E, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Hardiman S, Li F, Shibata K, Plummer DA. Evidence for changes in stratospheric transport and mixing over the past three decades based on multiple data sets and tropical leaky pipe analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Austin J, Struthers H, Scinocca J, Plummer DA, Akiyoshi H, Baumgaertner AJG, Bekki S, Bodeker GE, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith S, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison D, Kubin A, Lamarque JF, Langematz U, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Yamashita Y. Chemistry-climate model simulations of spring Antarctic ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matthes K, Marsh DR, Garcia RR, Kinnison DE, Sassi F, Walters S. Role of the QBO in modulating the influence of the 11 year solar cycle on the atmosphere using constant forcings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hood LL, Soukharev BE, McCormack JP. Decadal variability of the tropical stratosphere: Secondary influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kiesewetter G, Sinnhuber BM, Vountas M, Weber M, Burrows JP. A long-term stratospheric ozone data set from assimilation of satellite observations: High-latitude ozone anomalies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schmidt H, Brasseur GP, Giorgetta MA. Solar cycle signal in a general circulation and chemistry model with internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rind D, Lean J, Lerner J, Lonergan P, Leboissitier A. Exploring the stratospheric/tropospheric response to solar forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kuroda Y, Yamazaki K, Shibata K. Role of ozone in the solar cycle modulation of the North Atlantic Oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lamarque JF, Kinnison DE, Hess PG, Vitt FM. Simulated lower stratospheric trends between 1970 and 2005: Identifying the role of climate and composition changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Austin J, Tourpali K, Rozanov E, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Bodeker G, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Deushi M, Fomichev VI, Giorgetta MA, Gray L, Kodera K, Lott F, Manzini E, Marsh D, Matthes K, Nagashima T, Shibata K, Stolarski RS, Struthers H, Tian W. Coupled chemistry climate model simulations of the solar cycle in ozone and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huang X, Yang W, Loeb NG, Ramaswamy V. Spectrally resolved fluxes derived from collocated AIRS and CERES measurements and their application in model evaluation: Clear sky over the tropical oceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Smith AK, Matthes K. Decadal-scale periodicities in the stratosphere associated with the solar cycle and the QBO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Smith
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Katja Matthes
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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Marsh DR, Garcia RR, Kinnison DE, Boville BA, Sassi F, Solomon SC, Matthes K. Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Garcia RR, Marsh DR, Kinnison DE, Boville BA, Sassi F. Simulation of secular trends in the middle atmosphere, 1950–2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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