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Abstract
In this work, we study the kinetics of thermal decomposition of MgCO3 in the form of particles of known size. In the experiments, the material is heated to a known temperature in a vacuum oven, and it is characterized, both before and after heating, by infrared spectroscopy and gravimetry. The agreement between the results of the two techniques is excellent. These results are rationalized by means of a model based on Languir’s law, and the comparison with the experiments allows us to estimate the activation energy of the process. The reabsorption of atmospheric water by the oxide is shown spectroscopically, finding that is strongly influenced by the temperature of the process.
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Dundas CM, Mellon MT, Conway SJ, Gastineau R. Active Boulder Movement at High Martian Latitudes. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:5075-5082. [PMID: 31423033 PMCID: PMC6686660 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lobate stony landforms occur on steep slopes at high latitudes on Mars. We demonstrate active boulder movement at seven such sites. Submeter-scale boulders frequently move distances of a few meters. The movement is concentrated in the vicinity of the lobate landforms but also occurs on other slopes. This provides evidence for a newly discovered, common style of activity on Mars, which may play an important role in slope degradation. It also opens the possibility that the lobate features are currently forming in the absence of significant volumes of liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Dundas
- U.S. Geological SurveyAstrogeology Science CenterFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Michael T. Mellon
- Center for Astrophysics and Planetary ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Susan J. Conway
- CNRS UMR6112 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de NantesNantesFrance
| | - Renaldo Gastineau
- CNRS UMR6112 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de NantesNantesFrance
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerreGrenobleFrance
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3
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Ehlmann BL, Edgett KS, Sutter B, Achilles CN, Litvak ML, Lapotre MGA, Sullivan R, Fraeman AA, Arvidson RE, Blake DF, Bridges NT, Conrad PG, Cousin A, Downs RT, Gabriel TSJ, Gellert R, Hamilton VE, Hardgrove C, Johnson JR, Kuhn S, Mahaffy PR, Maurice S, McHenry M, Meslin PY, Ming DW, Minitti ME, Morookian JM, Morris RV, O'Connell-Cooper CD, Pinet PC, Rowland SK, Schröder S, Siebach KL, Stein NT, Thompson LM, Vaniman DT, Vasavada AR, Wellington DF, Wiens RC, Yen AS. Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2017; 122:2510-2543. [PMID: 29497589 DOI: 10.1002/2016je005225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (~45-500 μm) with ≥6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust-covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt-sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35% ± 15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse-sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near-infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand-sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si-enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O- or OH-bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40 μm; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O.
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4
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Ehlmann BL, Edgett KS, Sutter B, Achilles CN, Litvak ML, Lapotre MGA, Sullivan R, Fraeman AA, Arvidson RE, Blake DF, Bridges NT, Conrad PG, Cousin A, Downs RT, Gabriel TSJ, Gellert R, Hamilton VE, Hardgrove C, Johnson JR, Kuhn S, Mahaffy PR, Maurice S, McHenry M, Meslin P, Ming DW, Minitti ME, Morookian JM, Morris RV, O'Connell‐Cooper CD, Pinet PC, Rowland SK, Schröder S, Siebach KL, Stein NT, Thompson LM, Vaniman DT, Vasavada AR, Wellington DF, Wiens RC, Yen AS. Chemistry, mineralogy, and grain properties at Namib and High dunes, Bagnold dune field, Gale crater, Mars: A synthesis of Curiosity rover observations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2017; 122:2510-2543. [PMID: 29497589 PMCID: PMC5815393 DOI: 10.1002/2017je005267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover performed coordinated measurements to examine the textures and compositions of aeolian sands in the active Bagnold dune field. The Bagnold sands are rounded to subrounded, very fine to medium sized (~45-500 μm) with ≥6 distinct grain colors. In contrast to sands examined by Curiosity in a dust-covered, inactive bedform called Rocknest and soils at other landing sites, Bagnold sands are darker, less red, better sorted, have fewer silt-sized or smaller grains, and show no evidence for cohesion. Nevertheless, Bagnold mineralogy and Rocknest mineralogy are similar with plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxenes in similar proportions comprising >90% of crystalline phases, along with a substantial amorphous component (35% ± 15%). Yet Bagnold and Rocknest bulk chemistry differ. Bagnold sands are Si enriched relative to other soils at Gale crater, and H2O, S, and Cl are lower relative to all previously measured Martian soils and most Gale crater rocks. Mg, Ni, Fe, and Mn are enriched in the coarse-sieved fraction of Bagnold sands, corroborated by visible/near-infrared spectra that suggest enrichment of olivine. Collectively, patterns in major element chemistry and volatile release data indicate two distinctive volatile reservoirs in Martian soils: (1) amorphous components in the sand-sized fraction (represented by Bagnold) that are Si-enriched, hydroxylated alteration products and/or H2O- or OH-bearing impact or volcanic glasses and (2) amorphous components in the fine fraction (<40 μm; represented by Rocknest and other bright soils) that are Fe, S, and Cl enriched with low Si and adsorbed and structural H2O.
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5
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Heavens NG. The Reflectivity of Mars at 1064 nm: Derivation from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Data and Application to Climatology and Meteorology. ICARUS 2017; 289:1-21. [PMID: 32905474 PMCID: PMC7473108 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on board Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) made > 108 measurements of the reflectivity of Mars at 1064 nm (R 1064) by both active sounding and passive radiometry. Past studies of R 1064 neglected the effects of atmospheric opacity and viewing geometry on both active and passive measurements and also identified a potential calibration issue with passive radiometry. Therefore, as yet, there exists no acceptable reference R 1064 to derive a column opacity product for atmospheric studies and planning future orbital lidar observations. Here, such a reference R 1064 is derived by seeking R 1064 M , N : a Minnaert-corrected normal albedo under clear conditions and assuming minimal phase angle dependence. Over darker surfaces, R 1064 M , N and the absolute level of atmospheric opacity were estimated from active sounding. Over all surfaces, the opacity derived from active sounding was used to exclude passive radiometry measurements made under opaque conditions and estimate R 1064 M , N . These latter estimates then were re-calibrated by comparison with RM,N derived from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations over areas of approximately uniform reflectivity. Estimates of R 1064 M , N from re-calibrated passive radiometry typically agree with HST observations within 10 %. The resulting R 1064 M , N is then used to derive and quantify the uncertainties of a column opacity product, which can be applied to meteorological and climatological studies of Mars, particularly to detect and measure mesoscale cloud/aerosol structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Heavens
- Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, 23 E. Tyler St., Hampton, Virginia, 23669
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6
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Lasne J, Noblet A, Szopa C, Navarro-González R, Cabane M, Poch O, Stalport F, François P, Atreya SK, Coll P. Oxidants at the Surface of Mars: A Review in Light of Recent Exploration Results. ASTROBIOLOGY 2016; 16:977-996. [PMID: 27925795 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1976, the Viking landers carried out the most comprehensive search for organics and microbial life in the martian regolith. Their results indicate that Mars' surface is lifeless and, surprisingly, depleted in organics at part-per-billion levels. Several biology experiments on the Viking landers gave controversial results that have since been explained by the presence of oxidizing agents on the surface of Mars. These oxidants may degrade abiotic or biological organics, resulting in their nondetection in the regolith. As several exploration missions currently focus on the detection of organics on Mars (or will do so in the near future), knowledge of the oxidative state of the surface is fundamental. It will allow for determination of the capability of organics to survive on a geological timescale, the most favorable places to seek them, and the best methods to process the samples collected at the surface. With this aim, we review the main oxidants assumed to be present on Mars, their possible formation pathways, and those laboratory studies in which their reactivity with organics under Mars-like conditions has been evaluated. Among the oxidants assumed to be present on Mars, only four have been detected so far: perchlorate ions (ClO4-) in salts, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the atmosphere, and clays and metal oxides composing surface minerals. Clays have been suggested as catalysts for the oxidation of organics but are treated as oxidants in the following to keep the structure of this article straightforward. This work provides an insight into the oxidizing potential of the surface of Mars and an estimate of the stability of organic matter in an oxidizing environment. Key Words: Mars surface-Astrobiology-Oxidant-Chemical reactions. Astrobiology 16, 977-996.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lasne
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
| | - A Noblet
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
| | - C Szopa
- 2 LATMOS, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Versailles St Quentin , CNRS, Guyancourt, France
| | - R Navarro-González
- 3 Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Cabane
- 2 LATMOS, UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Versailles St Quentin , CNRS, Guyancourt, France
| | - O Poch
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
- 4 NCCR PlanetS, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Stalport
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
| | - P François
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
- 5 IC2MP, Equipe Eau Géochimie Santé, Université de Poitiers , CNRS UMR 7285, Poitiers, France
| | - S K Atreya
- 6 Department of Climate and Space Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - P Coll
- 1 LISA, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace , CNRS UMR 7583, Créteil, France
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Haas J, Mizaikoff B. Advances in Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:45-68. [PMID: 27070183 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy in the 3-20 μm spectral window has evolved from a routine laboratory technique into a state-of-the-art spectroscopy and sensing tool by benefitting from recent progress in increasingly sophisticated spectra acquisition techniques and advanced materials for generating, guiding, and detecting mid-infrared (MIR) radiation. Today, MIR spectroscopy provides molecular information with trace to ultratrace sensitivity, fast data acquisition rates, and high spectral resolution catering to demanding applications in bioanalytics, for example, and to improved routine analysis. In addition to advances in miniaturized device technology without sacrificing analytical performance, selected innovative applications for MIR spectroscopy ranging from process analysis to biotechnology and medical diagnostics are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haas
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany;
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8
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Meslin PY, Gasnault O, Forni O, Schröder S, Cousin A, Berger G, Clegg SM, Lasue J, Maurice S, Sautter V, Le Mouélic S, Wiens RC, Fabre C, Goetz W, Bish D, Mangold N, Ehlmann B, Lanza N, Harri AM, Anderson R, Rampe E, McConnochie TH, Pinet P, Blaney D, Léveillé R, Archer D, Barraclough B, Bender S, Blake D, Blank JG, Bridges N, Clark BC, DeFlores L, Delapp D, Dromart G, Dyar MD, Fisk M, Gondet B, Grotzinger J, Herkenhoff K, Johnson J, Lacour JL, Langevin Y, Leshin L, Lewin E, Madsen MB, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, Mischna MA, Moores JE, Newsom H, Ollila A, Perez R, Renno N, Sirven JB, Tokar R, de la Torre M, d'Uston L, Vaniman D, Yingst A. Soil diversity and hydration as observed by ChemCam at Gale crater, Mars. Science 2013; 341:1238670. [PMID: 24072924 DOI: 10.1126/science.1238670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ChemCam instrument, which provides insight into martian soil chemistry at the submillimeter scale, identified two principal soil types along the Curiosity rover traverse: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic soil component is representative of widespread martian soils and is similar in composition to the martian dust. It possesses a ubiquitous hydrogen signature in ChemCam spectra, corresponding to the hydration of the amorphous phases found in the soil by the CheMin instrument. This hydration likely accounts for an important fraction of the global hydration of the surface seen by previous orbital measurements. ChemCam analyses did not reveal any significant exchange of water vapor between the regolith and the atmosphere. These observations provide constraints on the nature of the amorphous phases and their hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Meslin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse, France.
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Ody A, Poulet F, Langevin Y, Bibring JP, Bellucci G, Altieri F, Gondet B, Vincendon M, Carter J, Manaud N. Global maps of anhydrous minerals at the surface of Mars from OMEGA/MEx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012je004117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Appéré T, Schmitt B, Langevin Y, Douté S, Pommerol A, Forget F, Spiga A, Gondet B, Bibring JP. Winter and spring evolution of northern seasonal deposits on Mars from OMEGA on Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Tirsch D, Jaumann R, Pacifici A, Poulet F. Dark aeolian sediments in Martian craters: Composition and sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Wray JJ, Milliken RE, Dundas CM, Swayze GA, Andrews-Hanna JC, Baldridge AM, Chojnacki M, Bishop JL, Ehlmann BL, Murchie SL, Clark RN, Seelos FP, Tornabene LL, Squyres SW. Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michalski JR, Poulet F, Loizeau D, Mangold N, Dobrea EN, Bishop JL, Wray JJ, McKeown NK, Parente M, Hauber E, Altieri F, Carrozzo FG, Niles PB. The Mawrth Vallis region of Mars: A potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. ASTROBIOLOGY 2010; 10:687-703. [PMID: 20950170 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2010.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, which will launch in 2011, is to characterize the habitability of a site on Mars through detailed analyses of the composition and geological context of surface materials. Within the framework of established mission goals, we have evaluated the value of a possible landing site in the Mawrth Vallis region of Mars that is targeted directly on some of the most geologically and astrobiologically enticing materials in the Solar System. The area around Mawrth Vallis contains a vast (>1 × 10⁶ km²) deposit of phyllosilicate-rich, ancient, layered rocks. A thick (>150 m) stratigraphic section that exhibits spectral evidence for nontronite, montmorillonite, amorphous silica, kaolinite, saponite, other smectite clay minerals, ferrous mica, and sulfate minerals indicates a rich geological history that may have included multiple aqueous environments. Because phyllosilicates are strong indicators of ancient aqueous activity, and the preservation potential of biosignatures within sedimentary clay deposits is high, martian phyllosilicate deposits are desirable astrobiological targets. The proposed MSL landing site at Mawrth Vallis is located directly on the largest and most phyllosilicate-rich deposit on Mars and is therefore an excellent place to explore for evidence of life or habitability.
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Noe Dobrea EZ, Bishop JL, McKeown NK, Fu R, Rossi CM, Michalski JR, Heinlein C, Hanus V, Poulet F, Mustard RJF, Murchie S, McEwen AS, Swayze G, Bibring JP, Malaret E, Hash C. Mineralogy and stratigraphy of phyllosilicate-bearing and dark mantling units in the greater Mawrth Vallis/west Arabia Terra area: Constraints on geological origin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Madejová J, Pálková H, Komadel P. IR spectroscopy of clay minerals and clay nanocomposites. SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730853-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent applications of infrared (IR) spectroscopy in research of clays and clay minerals are reviewed. After a brief description of the structures of clay minerals and basic principles of IR spectroscopy, the selected most interesting papers published in this area in 2007–2009 are discussed. The potential of both middle-IR and near-IR spectroscopy and different sampling techniques used in the investigation of clay minerals occurring on Earth and Mars is presented, including the utilisation of clay materials in the industry and in protection of the environment. Finally, the theoretical studies of the vibrational properties of the clay minerals are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Madejová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Dúbravská cesta 9 SK-845 36 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Helena Pálková
- Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Dúbravská cesta 9 SK-845 36 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Peter Komadel
- Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Dúbravská cesta 9 SK-845 36 Bratislava Slovakia
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Cull S, Arvidson RE, Morris RV, Wolff M, Mellon MT, Lemmon MT. Seasonal ice cycle at the Mars Phoenix landing site: 2. Postlanding CRISM and ground observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Zent AP, Hecht MH, Cobos DR, Wood SE, Hudson TL, Milkovich SM, DeFlores LP, Mellon MT. Initial results from the thermal and electrical conductivity probe (TECP) on Phoenix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Arvidson RE, Bonitz RG, Robinson ML, Carsten JL, Volpe RA, Trebi-Ollennu A, Mellon MT, Chu PC, Davis KR, Wilson JJ, Shaw AS, Greenberger RN, Siebach KL, Stein TC, Cull SC, Goetz W, Morris RV, Ming DW, Keller HU, Lemmon MT, Sizemore HG, Mehta M. Results from the Mars Phoenix Lander Robotic Arm experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Sunshine JM, Farnham TL, Feaga LM, Groussin O, Merlin F, Milliken RE, A'Hearn MF. Temporal and spatial variability of lunar hydration as observed by the Deep Impact spacecraft. Science 2009; 326:565-8. [PMID: 19779149 DOI: 10.1126/science.1179788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Moon is generally anhydrous, yet the Deep Impact spacecraft found the entire surface to be hydrated during some portions of the day. Hydroxyl (OH) and water (H2O) absorptions in the near infrared were strongest near the North Pole and are consistent with <0.5 weight percent H2O. Hydration varied with temperature, rather than cumulative solar radiation, but no inherent absorptivity differences with composition were observed. However, comparisons between data collected 1 week (a quarter lunar day) apart show a dynamic process with diurnal changes in hydration that were greater for mare basalts (approximately 70%) than for highlands (approximately 50%). This hydration loss and return to a steady state occurred entirely between local morning and evening, requiring a ready daytime source of water-group ions, which is consistent with a solar wind origin.
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Morris RV, Klingelhöfer G, Schröder C, Fleischer I, Ming DW, Yen AS, Gellert R, Arvidson RE, Rodionov DS, Crumpler LS, Clark BC, Cohen BA, McCoy TJ, Mittlefehldt DW, Schmidt ME, de Souza PA, Squyres SW. Iron mineralogy and aqueous alteration from Husband Hill through Home Plate at Gusev Crater, Mars: Results from the Mössbauer instrument on the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Pommerol A, Schmitt B. Strength of the H2O near-infrared absorption bands in hydrated minerals: Effects of measurement geometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Pommerol A, Schmitt B. Strength of the H2O near-infrared absorption bands in hydrated minerals: Effects of particle size and correlation with albedo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Zent AP, Ichimura AS, Quinn RC, Harding HK. The formation and stability of the superoxide radical (O2−) on rock-forming minerals: Band gaps, hydroxylation state, and implications for Mars oxidant chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Inada A, Garcia-Comas M, Altieri F, Gwinner K, Poulet F, Bellucci G, Keller HU, Markiewicz WJ, Richardson MI, Hoekzema N, Neukum G, Bibring JP. Dust haze in Valles Marineris observed by HRSC and OMEGA on board Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Spiga A, Forget F, Dolla B, Vinatier S, Melchiorri R, Drossart P, Gendrin A, Bibring JP, Langevin Y, Gondet B. Remote sensing of surface pressure on Mars with the Mars Express/OMEGA spectrometer: 2. Meteorological maps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Spiga
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - François Forget
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - Bastien Dolla
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
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27
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Forget F, Spiga A, Dolla B, Vinatier S, Melchiorri R, Drossart P, Gendrin A, Bibring JP, Langevin Y, Gondet B. Remote sensing of surface pressure on Mars with the Mars Express/OMEGA spectrometer: 1. Retrieval method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Forget
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - Aymeric Spiga
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - Bastien Dolla
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
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28
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Milliken RE, Mustard JF, Poulet F, Jouglet D, Bibring JP, Gondet B, Langevin Y. Hydration state of the Martian surface as seen by Mars Express OMEGA: 2. H2O content of the surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E. Milliken
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - John F. Mustard
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | | | - Denis Jouglet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS); Orsay Cedex France
| | | | | | - Yves Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS); Orsay Cedex France
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29
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Mangold N, Poulet F, Mustard JF, Bibring JP, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Ansan V, Masson P, Fassett C, Head JW, Hoffmann H, Neukum G. Mineralogy of the Nili Fossae region with OMEGA/Mars Express data: 2. Aqueous alteration of the crust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Mangold
- Laboratoire IDES; UMR8148 CNRS and Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - F. Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - J. F. Mustard
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - J.-P. Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - B. Gondet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Y. Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - V. Ansan
- Laboratoire IDES; UMR8148 CNRS and Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - Ph. Masson
- Laboratoire IDES; UMR8148 CNRS and Université Paris-Sud; Orsay France
| | - C. Fassett
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - J. W. Head
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - H. Hoffmann
- Institut für Weltraumsensorik; DLR; Berlin Germany
| | - G. Neukum
- Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
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30
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Langevin Y, Bibring JP, Montmessin F, Forget F, Vincendon M, Douté S, Poulet F, Gondet B. Observations of the south seasonal cap of Mars during recession in 2004-2006 by the OMEGA visible/near-infrared imaging spectrometer on board Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - J.-P. Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - F. Montmessin
- Service d'Aéronomie; CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - F. Forget
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - M. Vincendon
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - S. Douté
- Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble; CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
| | - F. Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - B. Gondet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
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31
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Pelkey SM, Mustard JF, Murchie S, Clancy RT, Wolff M, Smith M, Milliken R, Bibring JP, Gendrin A, Poulet F, Langevin Y, Gondet B. CRISM multispectral summary products: Parameterizing mineral diversity on Mars from reflectance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Pelkey
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - J. F. Mustard
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - S. Murchie
- Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | | | - M. Wolff
- Space Science Institute; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Smith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - R. Milliken
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | | | - A. Gendrin
- Department of Geological Sciences; Brown University; Providence Rhode Island USA
| | - F. Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; Orsay France
| | - Y. Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; Orsay France
| | - B. Gondet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; Orsay France
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