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Tritscher I, Grooß JU, Spang R, Pitts MC, Poole LR, Müller R, Riese M. Lagrangian simulation of ice particles and resulting dehydration in the polar winter stratosphere. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2019; 19:543-563. [PMID: 33414817 PMCID: PMC7787165 DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-543-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and cold stratospheric aerosols drive heterogeneous chemistry and play a major role in polar ozone depletion. The Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulates the nucleation, growth, sedimentation, and evaporation of PSC particles along individual trajectories. Particles consisting of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), which contain a substantial fraction of the stratospheric nitric acid (HNO3), were the focus of previous modeling work and are known for their potential to denitrify the polar stratosphere. Here, we carried this idea forward and introduced the formation of ice PSCs and related dehydration into the sedimentation module of CLaMS. Both processes change the simulated chemical composition of the lower stratosphere. Due to the Lagrangian transport scheme, NAT and ice particles move freely in three-dimensional space. Heterogeneous NAT and ice nucleation on foreign nuclei as well as homogeneous ice nucleation and NAT nucleation on preexisting ice particles are now implemented into CLaMS and cover major PSC formation pathways. We show results from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 and from the Antarctic winter 2011 to demonstrate the performance of the model over two entire PSC seasons. For both hemispheres, we present CLaMS results in comparison to measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Observations and simulations are presented on season-long and vortex-wide scales as well as for single PSC events. The simulations reproduce well both the timing and the extent of PSC occurrence inside the entire vortex. Divided into specific PSC classes, CLaMS results show predominantly good agreement with CALIOP and MIPAS observations, even for specific days and single satellite orbits. CLaMS and CALIOP agree that NAT mixtures are the first type of PSC to be present in both winters. NAT PSC areal coverages over the entire season agree satisfactorily. However, cloud-free areas, next to or surrounded by PSCs in the CALIOP data, are often populated with NAT particles in the CLaMS simulations. Looking at the temporal and vortex-averaged evolution of HNO3, CLaMS shows an uptake of HNO3 from the gas into the particle phase which is too large and happens too early in the simulation of the Arctic winter. In turn, the permanent redistribution of HNO3 is smaller in the simulations than in the observations. The Antarctic model run shows too little denitrification at lower altitudes towards the end of the winter compared to the observations. The occurrence of synoptic-scale ice PSCs agrees satisfactorily between observations and simulations for both hemispheres and the simulated vertical redistribution of water vapor (H2O) is in very good agreement with MLS observations. In summary, a conclusive agreement between CLaMS simulations and a variety of independent measurements is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tritscher
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Grooß
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Reinhold Spang
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Lamont R. Poole
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Riese
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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de Laat ATJ, van Weele M. The 2010 Antarctic ozone hole: observed reduction in ozone destruction by minor sudden stratospheric warmings. Sci Rep 2012; 1:38. [PMID: 22355557 PMCID: PMC3216525 DOI: 10.1038/srep00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite observations show that the 2010 Antarctic ozone hole is characterized by anomalously small amounts of photochemical ozone destruction (40-60% less than the 2005-2009 average). Observations from the MLS instrument show that this is mainly related to reduced photochemical ozone destruction between 20-25 km altitude. Lower down between 15-20 km the atmospheric chemical composition and photochemical ozone destruction is unaffected. The modified chemical composition and chemistry between 20-25 km altitude in 2010 is related to the occurrence of a mid-winter minor Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW). The measurements indicate that the changes in chemical composition are related to downward motion of air masses rather than horizontal mixing, and affect stratospheric chemistry for several months. Since 1979, years with similar anomalously small amounts of ozone destruction are all characterized by either minor or major SSWs, illustrating that their presence has been a necessary pre-condition for reduced Antarctic stratospheric ozone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T J de Laat
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands.
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Santee ML, Manney GL, Livesey NJ, Froidevaux L, Schwartz MJ, Read WG. Trace gas evolution in the lowermost stratosphere from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jones A, Qin G, Strong K, Walker KA, McLinden CA, Toohey M, Kerzenmacher T, Bernath PF, Boone CD. A global inventory of stratospheric NOyfrom ACE-FTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Verronen PT, Santee ML, Manney GL, Lehmann R, Salmi SM, Seppälä A. Nitric acid enhancements in the mesosphere during the January 2005 and December 2006 solar proton events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Toohey M, Strong K, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Walker KA, Jonsson AI, Shepherd TG. Validating the reported random errors of ACE-FTS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Popp PJ, Marcy TP, Gao RS, Watts LA, Fahey DW, Richard EC, Oltmans SJ, Santee ML, Livesey NJ, Froidevaux L, Sen B, Toon GC, Walker KA, Boone CD, Bernath PF. Stratospheric correlation between nitric acid and ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vijayaraghavan K, Snell HE, Seigneur C. Practical aspects of using satellite data in air quality modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:8187-8192. [PMID: 19068793 DOI: 10.1021/es7031339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krish Vijayaraghavan
- Air Quality Division, Atmospheric & Environmental Research, Inc., San Ramon, Calif, USA.
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Kinnison DE, Gille J, Barnett J, Randall C, Harvey VL, Lambert A, Khosravi R, Alexander MJ, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Cavanaugh C, Coffey M, Craig C, Dean VC, Eden T, Ellis D, Fahey DW, Francis G, Halvorson C, Hannigan J, Hartsough C, Hepplewhite C, Krinsky C, Lee H, Mankin B, Marcy TP, Massie S, Nardi B, Packman D, Popp PJ, Santee ML, Yudin V, Walker KA. Global observations of HNO3from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS): First results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Santee ML, MacKenzie IA, Manney GL, Chipperfield MP, Bernath PF, Walker KA, Boone CD, Froidevaux L, Livesey NJ, Waters JW. A study of stratospheric chlorine partitioning based on new satellite measurements and modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Joiner J. Introduction to special section on Aura Validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Livesey NJ, Filipiak MJ, Froidevaux L, Read WG, Lambert A, Santee ML, Jiang JH, Pumphrey HC, Waters JW, Cofield RE, Cuddy DT, Daffer WH, Drouin BJ, Fuller RA, Jarnot RF, Jiang YB, Knosp BW, Li QB, Perun VS, Schwartz MJ, Snyder WV, Stek PC, Thurstans RP, Wagner PA, Avery M, Browell EV, Cammas JP, Christensen LE, Diskin GS, Gao RS, Jost HJ, Loewenstein M, Lopez JD, Nedelec P, Osterman GB, Sachse GW, Webster CR. Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder O3and CO observations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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