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Liang B, He J, Guo L, Li Y, Zhang L, Che H, Gong S, Zhang X. Analysis of the spatiotemporal changes in global tropospheric ozone concentrations from 1980 to 2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175817. [PMID: 39197794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone affects human health, ecosystems, and climate change. Previous studies on Tropospheric Column Ozone (TCO) have primarily concentrated on specific regions or global geographic divisions. This has led to insufficient exploration of the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of TCO in global and rational subregions. In this study, TCO is calculated using the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data and corrected using satellite data. Cluster analysis is conducted to explore the temporal characteristics of TCO variations in different regions. The results show that the global TCO is basically distributed latitudinally, with higher TCO in the northern hemisphere, which is related to atmospheric circulation, radiation, stratospheric transport, and the distribution of ozone precursors. Between 1980 and 2020, the global average annual TCO showed an increasing trend at 0.09 DU yr-1 due to rising anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors (NOx at 589547.86 t yr-1 and NMVOC at 1070818.24 t yr-1), increasing tropopause height (-0.10 hPa yr-1), and the enhanced ozone flux at the tropopause (0.22 ppbv m s-2 yr-1). Cluster analysis reveals different trends in TCO changes across regions. The ocean south of 60°S and parts of West Antarctica (Region 2), the region from 30°N to 60°N and the western oceanic region of 30°S (Region 3), and the region from the equator to 60°S and the region north of 60°N (Region 5) exhibit increasing trends (with rates of 0.08 DU yr-1, 0.07 DU yr-1, and 0.11 DU yr-1, respectively), linked to the enhanced ozone flux at the tropopause, the rising tropopause height and increasing ozone p precursors. Conversely, the decreasing TCO trends in the equatorial Pacific (Region 1) and East Antarctica (Region 4) (with rates of -0.01 DU yr-1 and -0.02 DU yr-1) may be related to increased cloudiness and weakened photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster (KLME), Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Lifeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yarong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sunling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Validation and Trend Analysis of Stratospheric Ozone Data from Ground-Based Observations at Lauder, New Zealand. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in stratospheric ozone have to be assessed continuously to evaluate the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol. In the southern hemisphere, few ground-based observational datasets exist, making measurements at the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) station at Lauder, New Zealand invaluable. Investigating these datasets in detail is essential to derive realistic ozone trends. We compared lidar data and microwave radiometer data with collocated Aura Microwave Limb sounder (MLS) satellite data and ERA5 reanalysis data. The detailed comparison makes it possible to assess inhomogeneities in the data. We find good agreement between the datasets but also some possible biases, especially in the ERA5 data. The data uncertainties and the inhomogeneities were then considered when deriving trends. Using two regression models from the Long-term Ozone Trends and Uncertainties in the Stratosphere (LOTUS) project and from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), we estimated resulting ozone trends. Further, we assessed how trends are affected by data uncertainties and inhomogeneities. We find positive ozone trends throughout the stratosphere between 0% and 5% per decade and show that considering data uncertainties and inhomogeneities in the regression affects the resulting trends.
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Wargan K, Orbe C, Pawson S, Ziemke JR, Oman LD, Olsen MA, Coy L, Knowland KE. Recent decline in extratropical lower stratospheric ozone attributed to circulation changes. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 45:5166-5176. [PMID: 30381777 PMCID: PMC6204267 DOI: 10.1029/2018gl077406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
1998-2016 ozone trends in the lower stratosphere (LS) are examined using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) and related NASA products. After removing biases resulting from step-changes in the MERRA-2 ozone observations, a discernible negative trend of -1.67±0.54 Dobson units per decade (DU/decade) is found in the 10-km layer above the tropopause between 20°N and 60°N. A weaker but statistically significant trend of -1.17±0.33 DU/decade exists between 50°S and 20°S. In the Tropics, a positive trend is seen in a 5-km layer above the tropopause. Analysis of an idealized tracer in a model simulation constrained by MERRA-2 meteorological fields provides strong evidence that these trends are driven by enhanced isentropic transport between the tropical (20°S-20°N) and extratropical LS in the past two decades. This is the first time that a reanalysis dataset has been used to detect and attribute trends in lower stratospheric ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Clara Orbe
- Code 611, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerald R. Ziemke
- Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR) Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Code 614, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Luke D. Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Code 614, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A. Olsen
- Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR) Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Code 614, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Coy
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - K. Emma Knowland
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Columbia, MD USA
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4
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Wargan K, Labow G, Frith S, Pawson S, Livesey N, Partyka G. Evaluation of the Ozone Fields in NASA's MERRA-2 Reanalysis. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE 2017; 30. [PMID: 29527096 PMCID: PMC5842360 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-16-0699.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe and assess the quality of the assimilated ozone product from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) produced at NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) spanning the time period from 1980 to present. MERRA-2 assimilates partial column ozone retrievals from a series of Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) radiometers on NASA and NOAA spacecraft between January 1980 and September 2004; starting in October 2004 retrieved ozone profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and total column ozone from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on NASA's EOS Aura satellite are assimilated. We compare the MERRA-2 ozone with independent satellite and ozonesonde data focusing on the representation of the spatial and temporal variability of stratospheric and upper tropospheric ozone and on implications of the change in the observing system from SBUV to EOS Aura. The comparisons show agreement within 10 % (standard deviation of the difference) between MERRA-2 profiles and independent satellite data in most of the stratosphere. The agreement improves after 2004 when EOS Aura data are assimilated. The standard deviation of the differences between the lower stratospheric and upper tropospheric MERRA-2 ozone and ozonesondes is 11.2 % and 24.5 %, respectively, with correlations of 0.8 and above, indicative of a realistic representation of the near-tropopause ozone variability in MERRA-2. The agreement improves significantly in the EOS Aura period, however MERRA-2 is biased low in the upper troposphere with respect to the ozonesondes. Caution is recommended when using MERRA-2 ozone for decadal changes and trend studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wargan
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
| | - Gordon Labow
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Code 614, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - Stacey Frith
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Code 614, NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - Nathaniel Livesey
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, CA
| | - Gary Partyka
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD
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Ancellet G, Daskalakis N, Raut JC, Quennehen B, Ravetta F, Hair J, Tarasick D, Schlager H, Weinheimer AJ, Thompson AM, Oltmans S, Thomas JL, Law KS. Analysis of the latitudinal variability of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic using the large number of aircraft and ozonesonde observations in early summer 2008. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; Volume 16:13341-13358. [PMID: 31708977 PMCID: PMC6839714 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-13341-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the paper are to: (1) present tropospheric ozone (O3) climatologies in summer 2008 based on a large amount of measurements, during the International Polar Year when the Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements, and Models of Climate Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport (POLARCAT) campaigns were conducted (2) investigate the processes that determine O3 concentrations in two different regions (Canada and Greenland) that were thoroughly studied using measurements from 3 aircraft and 7 ozonesonde stations. This paper provides an integrated analysis of these observations and the discussion of the latitudinal and vertical variability of tropospheric ozone north of 55°N during this period is performed using a regional model (WFR-Chem). Ozone, CO and potential vorticity (PV) distributions are extracted from the simulation at the measurement locations. The model is able to reproduce the O3 latitudinal and vertical variability but a negative O3 bias of 6-15 ppbv is found in the free troposphere over 4 km, especially over Canada. Ozone average concentrations are of the order of 65 ppbv at altitudes above 4 km both over Canada and Greenland, while they are less than 50 ppbv in the lower troposphere. The relative influence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) and of ozone production related to the local biomass burning (BB) emissions is discussed using differences between average values of O3, CO and PV for Southern and Northern Canada or Greenland and two vertical ranges in the troposphere: 0-4 km and 4-8 km. For Canada, the model CO distribution and the weak correlation (< 30%) of O3 and PV suggests that stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) is not the major contribution to average tropospheric ozone at latitudes less than 70°N, due to the fact that local biomass burning (BB) emissions were significant during the 2008 summer period. Conversely over Greenland, significant STE is found according to the better O3 versus PV correlation (> 40%) and the higher 75th PV percentile. A weak negative latitudinal summer ozone gradient -6 to -8 ppbv is found over Canada in the mid troposphere between 4 and 8 km. This is attributed to an efficient O3 photochemical production due to the BB emissions at latitudes less than 65°N, while STE contribution is more homogeneous in the latitude range 55°N to 70°N. A positive ozone latitudinal gradient of 12 ppbv is observed in the same altitude range over Greenland not because of an increasing latitudinal influence of STE, but because of different long range transport from multiple mid-latitude sources (North America, Europe and even Asia for latitudes higher than 77°N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Ancellet
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nikos Daskalakis
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Raut
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Boris Quennehen
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - François Ravetta
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - David Tarasick
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada
| | - Hans Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sam Oltmans
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jennie L. Thomas
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Katharine S. Law
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
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6
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Hubert D, Lambert JC, Verhoelst T, Granville J, Keppens A, Baray JL, Cortesi U, Degenstein DA, Froidevaux L, Godin-Beekmann S, Hoppel KW, Kyrölä E, Leblanc T, Lichtenberg G, McElroy CT, Murtagh D, Nakane H, Querel R, Russell JM, Salvador J, Smit HGJ, Stebel K, Steinbrecht W, Strawbridge KB, Stübi R, Swart DPJ, Taha G, Thompson AM, Urban J, van Gijsel JAE, von der Gathen P, Walker KA, Wolfram E, Zawodny JM. Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of fourteen limb and occultation ozone profile data records. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2016; 9:2497-2534. [PMID: 29743958 PMCID: PMC5937289 DOI: 10.5194/amtd-8-6661-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of fourteen limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias, and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20-40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5-12% and the drifts are at most ±5% decade-1 (or even ±3 % decade-1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10% and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY), and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE, and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Hubert
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - J.-C. Lambert
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - T. Verhoelst
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - J. Granville
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - A. Keppens
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels,
Belgium
| | - J.-L. Baray
- Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones
(Université de La Réunion, CNRS, Météo-France),
OSU-Réunion (Université de la Réunion, CNRS), La
Réunion, France
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Observatoire
de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS),
Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - U. Cortesi
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” del
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - D. A. Degenstein
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - L. Froidevaux
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S. Godin-Beekmann
- Laboratoire Atmosphère Milieux Observations Spatiales,
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | | | - E. Kyrölä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Leblanc
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Wrightwood, CA, USA
| | - G. Lichtenberg
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute,
Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - D. Murtagh
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - H. Nakane
- Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,
Japan
| | - R. Querel
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New
Zealand
| | - J. M. Russell
- Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Hampton
University, VA, USA
| | - J. Salvador
- CEILAP-UNIDEF (MINDEF-CONICET), UMI-IFAECI-CNRS-3351, Villa
Martelli, Argentina
| | - H. G. J. Smit
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate
Research: Troposphere (IEK-8), Jülich, Germany
| | - K. Stebel
- Norwegian Air Research Institute (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | - W. Steinbrecht
- Meteorologisches Observatorium, Deutscher Wetterdienst,
Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
| | - K. B. Strawbridge
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada,
Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Stübi
- Payerne Aerological Station, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
| | - D. P. J. Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),
Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - G. Taha
- Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | - J. Urban
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - P. von der Gathen
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine
Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - K. A. Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,
Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON,
Canada
| | - E. Wolfram
- CEILAP-UNIDEF (MINDEF-CONICET), UMI-IFAECI-CNRS-3351, Villa
Martelli, Argentina
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Davis SM, Rosenlof KH, Hassler B, Hurst DF, Read WG, Vömel H, Selkirk H, Fujiwara M, Damadeo R. The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies. EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA 2016; 8:461-490. [PMID: 28966693 PMCID: PMC5619261 DOI: 10.5194/essd-8-461-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from a subset of the limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980s. The primary SWOOSH products are zonal-mean monthly-mean time series of water vapor and ozone mixing ratio on pressure levels (12 levels per decade from 316 to 1 hPa). The SWOOSH pressure level products are provided on several independent zonal-mean grids (2.5, 5, and 10°), and additional products include two coarse 3-D griddings (30° long × 10° lat, 20° × 5°) as well as a zonal-mean isentropic product. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a "reference" satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous (i.e., with minimal artificial jumps in time) and accurate (i.e., unbiased). This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal timescales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are publicly available at doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Davis
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Birgit Hassler
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dale F. Hurst
- NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William G. Read
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Holger Vömel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Henry Selkirk
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA
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8
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Fytterer T, Santee ML, Sinnhuber M, Wang S. The 27 day solar rotational effect on mesospheric nighttime OH and O 3 observations induced by geomagnetic activity. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2015; 120:7926-7936. [PMID: 27774372 PMCID: PMC5054829 DOI: 10.1002/2015ja021183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Observations performed by the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder instrument on board the Aura satellite from 2004 to 2009 (2004 to 2014) were used to investigate the 27 day solar rotational cycle in mesospheric OH (O3) and the physical connection to geomagnetic activity. Data analysis was focused on nighttime measurements at geomagnetic latitudes connected to the outer radiation belts (55°N/S-75°N/S). The applied superposed epoch analysis reveals a distinct 27 day solar rotational signal in OH and O3 during winter in both hemispheres at altitudes >70 km. The OH response is positive and in-phase with the respective geomagnetic activity signal, lasting for 1-2 days. In contrast, the O3 feedback is negative, delayed by 1 day, and is present up to 4 days afterward. Largest OH (O3) peaks are found at ~75 km, exceeding the 95% significance level and the measurement noise of <2% (<0.5%), while reaching variations of +14% (-7%) with respect to their corresponding background. OH at 75 km is observed to respond to particle precipitation only after a certain threshold of geomagnetic activity is exceeded, depending on the respective OH background. The relation between OH and O3 at 75 km in both hemispheres is found to be nonlinear. In particular, OH has a strong impact on O3 for relatively weak geomagnetic disturbances and accompanying small absolute OH variations (<0.04 ppb). In contrast, catalytic O3 depletion is seen to slow down for stronger geomagnetic variations and OH anomalies (0.04-0.13 ppb), revealing small variations around -0.11 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Fytterer
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - M. L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Sinnhuber
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate ResearchKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - S. Wang
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
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9
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Prather MJ, Hsu J, DeLuca NM, Jackman CH, Oman LD, Douglass AR, Fleming EL, Strahan SE, Steenrod SD, Søvde OA, Isaksen ISA, Froidevaux L, Funke B. Measuring and modeling the lifetime of nitrous oxide including its variability. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2015; 120:5693-5705. [PMID: 26900537 PMCID: PMC4744722 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd023267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide lifetime is computed empirically from MLS satellite dataEmpirical N2O lifetimes compared with models including interannual variabilityResults improve values for present anthropogenic and preindustrial emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Prather
- Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine California USA
| | - Juno Hsu
- Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine California USA
| | - Nicole M DeLuca
- Earth System Science University of California Irvine Irvine California USA
| | | | - Luke D Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - Eric L Fleming
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA;Science Systems and Applications, Inc. Lanham Maryland USA
| | | | - Stephen D Steenrod
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland USA; Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research Center Universities Space Research Association Columbia Maryland USA
| | - O Amund Søvde
- Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | | | - Bernd Funke
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC Granada Spain
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10
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Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Remsberg EE, Livesey NJ, Gille JC. Ozone temperature correlations in the upper stratosphere as a measure of chlorine content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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McPeters RD, Labow GJ. Climatology 2011: An MLS and sonde derived ozone climatology for satellite retrieval algorithms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Cai Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Chance K, Nowlan CR, Lang R, Munro R, Suleiman R. Characterization and correction of Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 ultraviolet measurements and application to ozone profile retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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de Laat ATJ, van Weele M. The 2010 Antarctic ozone hole: observed reduction in ozone destruction by minor sudden stratospheric warmings. Sci Rep 2012; 1:38. [PMID: 22355557 PMCID: PMC3216525 DOI: 10.1038/srep00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite observations show that the 2010 Antarctic ozone hole is characterized by anomalously small amounts of photochemical ozone destruction (40-60% less than the 2005-2009 average). Observations from the MLS instrument show that this is mainly related to reduced photochemical ozone destruction between 20-25 km altitude. Lower down between 15-20 km the atmospheric chemical composition and photochemical ozone destruction is unaffected. The modified chemical composition and chemistry between 20-25 km altitude in 2010 is related to the occurrence of a mid-winter minor Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW). The measurements indicate that the changes in chemical composition are related to downward motion of air masses rather than horizontal mixing, and affect stratospheric chemistry for several months. Since 1979, years with similar anomalously small amounts of ozone destruction are all characterized by either minor or major SSWs, illustrating that their presence has been a necessary pre-condition for reduced Antarctic stratospheric ozone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T J de Laat
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, the Netherlands.
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14
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Santee ML, Manney GL, Livesey NJ, Froidevaux L, Schwartz MJ, Read WG. Trace gas evolution in the lowermost stratosphere from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Kroon M, de Haan JF, Veefkind JP, Froidevaux L, Wang R, Kivi R, Hakkarainen JJ. Validation of operational ozone profiles from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Doughty DC, Thompson AM, Schoeberl MR, Stajner I, Wargan K, Hui WCJ. An intercomparison of tropospheric ozone retrievals derived from two Aura instruments and measurements in western North America in 2006. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Wargan K, Pawson S, Stajner I, Thouret V. Spatial structure of assimilated ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wargan
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Applications International Corporation; Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - Valérie Thouret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UPS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; CNRS; Toulouse France
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18
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Huang FT, Mayr HG, Russell JM, Mlynczak MG. Ozone diurnal variations in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank T. Huang
- GEST; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Hans G. Mayr
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - James M. Russell
- Center for Atmospheric Sciences; Hampton University; Hampton Virginia USA
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