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Spatial-Temporal Variation of Snow Black Carbon Concentration in Snow Cover in Northeast China from 2001 to 2016 Based on Remote Sensing. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The amount of black carbon (BC) on snow surface can significantly reduce snow surface albedo in the visible-light range and change the surface radiative forcing effect. Therefore, it is key to study regional and global climate changes to understand the BC concentration on snow. In this study, we simulated the BC concentration on the surface snow of northeast China using an asymptotic radiative transfer model. From 2001 to 2016, the BC concentration showed no significant increase, with an average increase of 82.104 ng/g compared with that in the early 21st century. The concentration of BC in December was the largest (1344.588 ng/g) and decreased in January and February (1248.619 ng/g and 983.635 ng/g, respectively). The high black carbon content centers were concentrated in the eastern and central regions with dense populations and concentrated industries, with a concentration above 1200 ng/g, while the BC concentration in the southwest region with less human activities was the lowest (below 850 ng/g), which indicates that human activities played an important role in snow BC pollution. Notably, Heilongjiang province has the highest concentration, which may be related to its atmospheric stability in winter. These findings suggest that the BC pollution in northeast China has been aggravated from 2001 to 2016. It is estimated that the snow surface albedo will decrease by 16.448% due to the BC pollution of snow in northeast China. The problem of radiative forcing caused by black carbon to snow reflectivity cannot be ignored.
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Callaghan TV, Johansson M, Brown RD, Groisman PY, Labba N, Radionov V, Barry RG, Bulygina ON, Essery RLH, Frolov DM, Golubev VN, Grenfell TC, Petrushina MN, Razuvaev VN, Robinson DA, Romanov P, Shindell D, Shmakin AB, Sokratov SA, Warren S, Yang D. The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes. AMBIO 2011; 40:17-31. [PMCID: PMC3357780 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of in situ and satellite data shows evidence of different regional snow cover responses to the widespread warming and increasing winter precipitation that has characterized the Arctic climate for the past 40–50 years. The largest and most rapid decreases in snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow cover duration (SCD) are observed over maritime regions of the Arctic with the highest precipitation amounts. There is also evidence of marked differences in the response of snow cover between the North American and Eurasian sectors of the Arctic, with the North American sector exhibiting decreases in snow cover and snow depth over the entire period of available in situ observations from around 1950, while widespread decreases in snow cover are not apparent over Eurasia until after around 1980. However, snow depths are increasing in many regions of Eurasia. Warming and more frequent winter thaws are contributing to changes in snow pack structure with important implications for land use and provision of ecosystem services. Projected changes in snow cover from Global Climate Models for the 2050 period indicate increases in maximum SWE of up to 15% over much of the Arctic, with the largest increases (15–30%) over the Siberian sector. In contrast, SCD is projected to decrease by about 10–20% over much of the Arctic, with the smallest decreases over Siberia (<10%) and the largest decreases over Alaska and northern Scandinavia (30–40%) by 2050. These projected changes will have far-reaching consequences for the climate system, human activities, hydrology, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analyses, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ross D. Brown
- Climate Research Division of Environment Canada, Ouranos Climate Consortium, c/o Ouranos, 550 Sherbrooke St. West, 19th Floor, Montreal, QC H3A 1B9 Canada
| | - Pavel Ya. Groisman
- NOAA/NESDIS National Climatic Data Center, Veach-Baley Federal Building, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801-5001 USA
| | - Niklas Labba
- Gáisi Sámi Centre, Lakselvbukt, 9042 Laksvatn, Norway
| | - Vladimir Radionov
- AARI, 38 Bering Str., Saint Petersburg, The Russian Federation 199397
| | - Roger G. Barry
- NSIDC/CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0449 USA
| | - Olga N. Bulygina
- Climatology Department, All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information—World Data Centre (RIHMI-WDC), 6 Koroleva Street, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, The Russian Federation 249035
| | | | - D. M. Frolov
- Laboratory of Snow Avalanches and Mudflows, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, The Russian Federation 119991
| | - Vladimir N. Golubev
- Laboratory of Snow Avalanches and Mudflows, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, The Russian Federation 119991
| | - Thomas C. Grenfell
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, MS 351640, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1640 USA
| | - Marina N. Petrushina
- Department of Physical Geography and Landscapes, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, The Russian Federation 119991
| | | | - David A. Robinson
- Department of Geography, Rutgers University, 54 Joyce Kilmer Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Peter Romanov
- NOAA/NESDIS World Weather Building Rm. 711, 5200 Auth Rd., Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA
| | - Drew Shindell
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA
| | - Andrey B. Shmakin
- Institute of Geography, 29 Staromonetny St., Moscow, The Russian Federation 119017
| | - Sergey A. Sokratov
- Faculty of Geography, Natural Risks Assessment Laboratory, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow, The Russian Federation 119991
| | - Stephen Warren
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, and of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1640 USA
| | - Daquing Yang
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA
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Stone RS, Herber A, Vitale V, Mazzola M, Lupi A, Schnell RC, Dutton EG, Liu PSK, Li SM, Dethloff K, Lampert A, Ritter C, Stock M, Neuber R, Maturilli M. A three-dimensional characterization of Arctic aerosols from airborne Sun photometer observations: PAM-ARCMIP, April 2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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