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Dai W, Wang R, Zhong H, Li L, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang Q, Cao J, Ho SSH, Zhang T, Zhou J, Liu S, Li G, Tie X. Impact of formaldehyde on ozone formation in Central China: Important role of biogenic emission in forest region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175182. [PMID: 39089373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important source for driving tropospheric ozone (O3) formation. This study investigated the combined effects of anthropogenic and biogenic emission on O3 formation in the Guanzhong Basin (GZB), Central China, providing useful information into the mechanisms of O3 formation due to the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A severe O3 pollution episode in summer of 2017 was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) to examine the impacts of ambient HCHO on ground-level O3. Results showed secondary HCHO dominated ambient levels, peaking in the afternoon (up to 86 %), while primary emissions contributed 14 % on average. This enhanced O3 production by 7.7 % during the morning rush hour and 24.3 % in the afternoon. In addition, HCHO concentration peaked before that of O3, suggesting it plays significant role in O3 formation. Biogenic emission oxidation contributed 3.1 μg m-3 (53.1 %) of HCHO and 5.2 pptv (40.1 %) of hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2) in average urban areas, where the downwind regions of the forests had high nitrogen oxides (NOx) levels and favorable conditions for O3 production (17.3 μg m-3, 20.5 %). In forested regions, sustained isoprene oxidation led to elevated oxidized VOCs including HCHO and acetaldehyde downwind, which practiced further photolysis of O3 formation with anthropogenic NOx in urban areas. Sensitivity experiments recommend controlling industrial and traffic NOx emissions, with regional joint prevention and regulation, which are essential to reduce O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Haobin Zhong
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Lu Li
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiamao Zhou
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guohui Li
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xuexi Tie
- SKLLQG, KLACP, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Dominutti PA, Thera BTP, Colomb A, Borbon A. Composition and chemical processing of volatile organic compounds in boundary layer polluted plumes: Insights from an airborne Q-PTR-MS on-board the French ATR-42 aircraft. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173311. [PMID: 38782275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the French ATR-42 research aircraft explored contrasting polluted plumes in the Paris megacity, the North-West Mediterranean Basin (WMB) and South West Africa (SWA) in the framework of the MEGAPOLI, ChArMEx/SAFMED and DACCIWA international projects, respectively. Major VOCs were measured by a high-sensitivity airborne Quadrupole Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer (Q-PTR-MS), showing a robust and consistent response. Regardless of the location, the air mass composition is dominated by oxygenated VOC (OVOC: methanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and isoprene oxidation products), which explain 70 % of the total VOC burden measured by the Q-PTR-MS. The distribution between OVOC, anthropogenic AVOC and biogenic BVOC is consistent between the three regions. The calculated OH loss rates (12 s-1) and ozone-forming potential (1200 OFP-relative ppb) are three times higher in the SWA plumes. These values are consistent with the calculated and measured reactivities at the ground. The reactivity of the plumes is by far dominated by biogenic BVOC. The chemical processing of VOC was examined by establishing various metrics linking Δ[O/VOC] (VOC or oxygenated VOC), plume dilution and the time processing of the plume (cumulative OH exposure Δt[OH] and the linear decay of primary AVOC and the production/decay of secondary OVOC). As expected, ∆[Ox]/∆[CO] increases with Δt[OH], with significant R2 (0.58 to 0.93). AVOC (aromatics) usually show a decay rate between -0.5 and -3.2 pptAVOC ppbCO-1 per hour, while OVOC either show an increase (secondary production) or a decrease. The production rate is by far the strongest, up to 18 pptOVOC ppbCO-1 per hour (acetaldehyde) during the eastern flight 33 in Paris. Our results set a benchmark for future photochemical studies to compare with. While the anthropogenic origin of some BVOC (terpenoids) and interferences are not excluded, it also emphasizes the importance of the VOC biogenic fraction in anthropogenically influenced environments, which is expected to increase in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Dominutti
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), F-63000 Clemont-Ferrand, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INP-G, IGE (UMR 5001), Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Baye T P Thera
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), F-63000 Clemont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Colomb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), F-63000 Clemont-Ferrand, France
| | - Agnès Borbon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), F-63000 Clemont-Ferrand, France.
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Atmospheric Formaldehyde Monitored by TROPOMI Satellite Instrument throughout 2020 over São Paulo State, Brazil. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14133032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to study the daily formaldehyde (HCHO) columns over urban and forested areas in São Paulo State, Brazil, from rhe TROPOMI spectrometer onboard the Sentinel-5P satellite during 2020. Nineteen specific areas were defined in four regions: 3 areas in each of two preserved Atlantic Forests (PEMD and PETAR), 3 in a sugarcane growing region (NERG) and 10 in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), among which 2 areas are in the Morro Grande reserve, which is a significant remnant of Atlantic Forest outside the densely urbanized area of MASP. An analysis of variance and Tukey’s test showed that the mean annual columns over the Morro Grande reserve (1.69±1.05×10−4 mol/m² and 1.73±1.07×10−4 mol/m²) presented greater statistical similarity with the forest and rural areas of the state (<1.70×10−4 mol/m²) than with MASP (>2.00×10−4 mol/m²), indicating few effects from megacity anthropogenic emissions. Case studies addressing selected days in 2020 showed that fires in and around the state were related to episodes of maximum density of HCHO columns. The results showed significant seasonality, with lower concentrations during summer (wet season) and higher concentrations during winter and spring (dry and transition dry–wet seasons).
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Blair SL, Reed Harris AE, Frandsen BN, Kjaergaard HG, Pangui E, Cazaunau M, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Conformer-Specific Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid and the Effect of Water. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1240-1252. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Blair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017. [PMID: 29527424 DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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6
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Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2017; 122:11201-11226. [PMID: 29527424 PMCID: PMC5839129 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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7
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Ervens B. Modeling the processing of aerosol and trace gases in clouds and fogs. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4157-98. [PMID: 25898144 DOI: 10.1021/cr5005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ervens
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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