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Li M, Huang X, Yan D, Lai S, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Lu Y, Jiang X, Wang N, Wang T, Song Y, Ding A. Coping with the concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes in China under a warming climate. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00384-0. [PMID: 38944635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Intensive human activity has brought about unprecedented climate and environmental crises, in which concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes pose the most serious threats. However, a limited understanding of the comprehensive mechanism hinders our ability to mitigate such compound events, especially in densely populated regions like China. Here, based on field observations and climate-chemistry coupled modelling, we elucidate the linkage between human activities and the climate system in heat-related ozone pollution. In China, we have observed that both the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have almost tripled since the beginning of this century. Moreover, these heatwaves are becoming more common in urban clusters with serious ozone pollution. Persistent heatwaves during the extremely hot and dry summers of 2013 and 2022 accelerated photochemical ozone production by boosting anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, and aggravated ozone accumulation by suppressing dry deposition due to water-stressed vegetation, leading to a more than 30% increase in ozone pollution in China's urban areas. The sensitivity of ozone to heat is demonstrated to be substantially modulated by anthropogenic emissions, and China's clean air policy may have altered the relationship between ozone and temperature. Climate model projections further highlight that the high-emission climate-socioeconomic scenario tends to intensify the concurrent heat and ozone extremes in the next century. Our results underscore that the implementation of a strict emission strategy will significantly reduce the co-occurrence of heatwaves and ozone extremes, achieving climate and environmental co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyi Lai
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Tijian Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Ambient Formaldehyde over the United States from Ground-Based (AQS) and Satellite (OMI) Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates formaldehyde (HCHO) over the U.S. from 2006 to 2015 by comparing ground monitor data from the Air Quality System (AQS) and a satellite retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Our comparison focuses on the utility of satellite data to inform patterns, trends, and processes of ground-based HCHO across the U.S. We find that cities with higher levels of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, including primary HCHO, exhibit larger HCHO diurnal amplitudes in surface observations. These differences in hour-to-hour variability in surface HCHO suggests that satellite agreement with ground-based data may depend on the distribution of emission sources. On a seasonal basis, OMI exhibits the highest correlation with AQS in summer and the lowest correlation in winter. The ratios of HCHO in summer versus other seasons show pronounced seasonal variability in OMI, likely due to seasonal changes in the vertical HCHO distribution. The seasonal variability in HCHO from satellite is more pronounced than at the surface, with seasonal variability 20–100% larger in satellite than surface observations. The seasonal variability also has a latitude dependency, with more variability in higher latitude regions. OMI agrees with AQS on the interannual variability in certain periods, whereas AQS and OMI do not show a consistent decadal trend. This is possibly due to a rather large interannual variability in HCHO, which makes the small decadal drift less significant. Temperature also explains part of the interannual variabilities. Small temperature variations in the western U.S. are reflected with more quiescent HCHO interannual variability in that region. The decrease in summertime HCHO in the southeast U.S. could also be partially explained by a small and negative trend in local temperatures.
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Qu H, Wang Y, Zhang R, Liu X, Huey LG, Sjostedt S, Zeng L, Lu K, Wu Y, Shao M, Hu M, Tan Z, Fuchs H, Broch S, Wahner A, Zhu T, Zhang Y. Chemical Production of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds Strongly Enhances Boundary-Layer Oxidation Chemistry and Ozone Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13718-13727. [PMID: 34623137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) produces a primary source of free radicals, including OH and inorganic and organic peroxy radicals (HO2 and RO2), consequently increasing photochemical ozone production. The amplification of radical cycling through OVOC photolysis provides an important positive feedback mechanism to accelerate ozone production. The large production of OVOCs near the surface helps promote photochemistry in the whole boundary layer. This amplifier effect is most significant in regions with high nitrogen oxides (NOx) and VOC concentrations such as Wangdu, China. Using a 1-D model with comprehensive observations at Wangdu and the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM), we find that OVOC photolysis is the largest free-radical source in the boundary layer (46%). The condensed chemistry mechanism we used severely underestimates the OVOC amplifier effect in the boundary layer, resulting in a lower ozone production rate sensitivity to NOx emissions. Due to this underestimation, the model-simulated threshold NOx emission value, below which ozone production decreases with NOx emission decrease, is biased low by 24%. The underestimated OVOC amplifier effect in a condensed mechanism implies a low bias in the current 3-D model-estimated efficacy of NOx emission reduction on controlling ozone in polluted urban and suburban regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ruixiong Zhang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lewis Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Steven Sjostedt
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Limin Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keding Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Shao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Sebastian Broch
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Andreas Wahner
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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