1
|
van der Ploeg R, Cramwinckel MJ, Kocken IJ, Leutert TJ, Bohaty SM, Fokkema CD, Hull PM, Meckler AN, Middelburg JJ, Müller IA, Penman DE, Peterse F, Reichart GJ, Sexton PF, Vahlenkamp M, De Vleeschouwer D, Wilson PA, Ziegler M, Sluijs A. North Atlantic surface ocean warming and salinization in response to middle Eocene greenhouse warming. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq0110. [PMID: 36696500 PMCID: PMC9876553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative reconstructions of hydrological change during ancient greenhouse warming events provide valuable insight into warmer-than-modern hydrological cycles but are limited by paleoclimate proxy uncertainties. We present sea surface temperature (SST) records and seawater oxygen isotope (δ18Osw) estimates for the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), using coupled carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) and oxygen isotope (δ18Oc) data of well-preserved planktonic foraminifera from the North Atlantic Newfoundland Drifts. These indicate a transient ~3°C warming across the MECO, with absolute temperatures generally in accordance with trace element (Mg/Ca)-based SSTs but lower than biomarker-based SSTs for the same interval. We find a transient ~0.5‰ shift toward higher δ18Osw, which implies increased salinity in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and potentially a poleward expansion of its northern boundary in response to greenhouse warming. These observations provide constraints on dynamic ocean response to warming events, which are consistent with theory and model simulations predicting an enhanced hydrological cycle under global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin van der Ploeg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Margot J. Cramwinckel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilja J. Kocken
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Leutert
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven M. Bohaty
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Chris D. Fokkema
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pincelli M. Hull
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A. Nele Meckler
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research and Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jack J. Middelburg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inigo A. Müller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Donald E. Penman
- Department of Geosciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Francien Peterse
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Philip F. Sexton
- School of Environment, Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Maximilian Vahlenkamp
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - David De Vleeschouwer
- MARUM – Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul A. Wilson
- University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Martin Ziegler
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Judd EJ, Tierney JE, Huber BT, Wing SL, Lunt DJ, Ford HL, Inglis GN, McClymont EL, O'Brien CL, Rattanasriampaipong R, Si W, Staitis ML, Thirumalai K, Anagnostou E, Cramwinckel MJ, Dawson RR, Evans D, Gray WR, Grossman EL, Henehan MJ, Hupp BN, MacLeod KG, O'Connor LK, Sánchez Montes ML, Song H, Zhang YG. The PhanSST global database of Phanerozoic sea surface temperature proxy data. Sci Data 2022; 9:753. [PMID: 36473868 PMCID: PMC9726822 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleotemperature proxy data form the cornerstone of paleoclimate research and are integral to understanding the evolution of the Earth system across the Phanerozoic Eon. Here, we present PhanSST, a database containing over 150,000 data points from five proxy systems that can be used to estimate past sea surface temperature. The geochemical data have a near-global spatial distribution and temporally span most of the Phanerozoic. Each proxy value is associated with consistent and queryable metadata fields, including information about the location, age, and taxonomy of the organism from which the data derive. To promote transparency and reproducibility, we include all available published data, regardless of interpreted preservation state or vital effects. However, we also provide expert-assigned diagenetic assessments, ecological and environmental flags, and other proxy-specific fields, which facilitate informed and responsible reuse of the database. The data are quality control checked and the foraminiferal taxonomy has been updated. PhanSST will serve as a valuable resource to the paleoclimate community and has myriad applications, including evolutionary, geochemical, diagenetic, and proxy calibration studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Judd
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
| | - Jessica E Tierney
- University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tuscon, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brian T Huber
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Scott L Wing
- Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Department of Paleobiology, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Daniel J Lunt
- University of Bristol, School of Geographical Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Heather L Ford
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Geography, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gordon N Inglis
- University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | | | | | | | - Weimin Si
- Brown University, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Matthew L Staitis
- University of Edinburgh, School of Geosciences, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | | | - Eleni Anagnostou
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlow Julius Cramwinckel
- University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
- Utrecht University, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht, 3584 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Robin R Dawson
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Geosciences, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - David Evans
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Geosciences, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - William R Gray
- Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ethan L Grossman
- Texas A&M University, Department of Geology and Geophysics, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael J Henehan
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.3 Earth Surface Geochemistry, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brittany N Hupp
- Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- University of Missouri, Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lauren K O'Connor
- University of Manchester, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Haijun Song
- China University of Geosciences, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Ge Zhang
- Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Auderset A, Moretti S, Taphorn B, Ebner PR, Kast E, Wang XT, Schiebel R, Sigman DM, Haug GH, Martínez-García A. Enhanced ocean oxygenation during Cenozoic warm periods. Nature 2022; 609:77-82. [PMID: 36045236 PMCID: PMC9433325 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (O2) is essential for most ocean ecosystems, fuelling organisms’ respiration and facilitating the cycling of carbon and nutrients. Oxygen measurements have been interpreted to indicate that the ocean’s oxygen-deficient zones (ODZs) are expanding under global warming1,2. However, models provide an unclear picture of future ODZ change in both the near term and the long term3–6. The paleoclimate record can help explore the possible range of ODZ changes in warmer-than-modern periods. Here we use foraminifera-bound nitrogen (N) isotopes to show that water-column denitrification in the eastern tropical North Pacific was greatly reduced during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) and the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). Because denitrification is restricted to oxygen-poor waters, our results indicate that, in these two Cenozoic periods of sustained warmth, ODZs were contracted, not expanded. ODZ contraction may have arisen from a decrease in upwelling-fuelled biological productivity in the tropical Pacific, which would have reduced oxygen demand in the subsurface. Alternatively, invigoration of deep-water ventilation by the Southern Ocean may have weakened the ocean’s ‘biological carbon pump’, which would have increased deep-ocean oxygen. The mechanism at play would have determined whether the ODZ contractions occurred in step with the warming or took centuries or millennia to develop. Thus, although our results from the Cenozoic do not necessarily apply to the near-term future, they might imply that global warming may eventually cause ODZ contraction. By using foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes, it is shown that, during two warm periods of the Cenozoic, oxygen-deficient zones contracted rather than expanded, suggesting that global warming may not necessarily lead to increased oceanic anoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Auderset
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Simone Moretti
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Björn Taphorn
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pia-Rebecca Ebner
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emma Kast
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xingchen T Wang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Ralf Schiebel
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel M Sigman
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gerald H Haug
- Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brachert TC, Felis T, Gagnaison C, Hoehle M, Reuter M, Spreter PM. Slow-growing reef corals as climate archives: A case study of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum 40 Ma ago. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3875. [PMID: 35594346 PMCID: PMC9122318 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The skeletons of stony corals on tropical shallow-water reefs are high-resolution climate archives. However, their systematic use for unlocking climate dynamics of the geologic past is limited by the susceptibility of the porous aragonite skeleton to diagenetic alterations. Here, we present oxygen and carbon isotope time series (monthly resolution) from reef corals with an unusual unaltered preservation from the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) "hyperthermal" (40 million years ago). Annual extension of the corals at the studied midlatitude site (France) was remarkably low (0.2 cm). Nonetheless, isotope signatures display no evidence for kinetic disequilibria that discredit their use as climate archive, but growth rate-dependent annual signal amplitude attenuations need corrections using an innovative sampling approach. Thereafter, we present evidence of symbiotic zooxanthellae in reef corals of the Paleogene and subdued sea surface temperature seasonality of only 7° to 8°C during the MECO, consistent with the globally equant climate of the hothouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Brachert
- Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Felis
- MARUM—Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Cyril Gagnaison
- Département de Géosciences, B2R-EA 7511, UniLaSalle, Terre & Sciences (Site de Beauvais), 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP30313, F-60026 Beauvais CEDEX, France
| | - Marlene Hoehle
- Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Reuter
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 17a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Spreter
- Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|