1
|
Marjanović M, Carbotte SM, Stopin A, Singh SC, Plessix RÉ, Marjanović M, Nedimović MR, Canales JP, Carton HD, Mutter JC, Escartín J. Insights into dike nucleation and eruption dynamics from high-resolution seismic imaging of magmatic system at the East Pacific Rise. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2698. [PMID: 37774034 PMCID: PMC10541011 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Models of magmatic systems suggest that the architecture of crustal magma bodies plays an important role in where volcanic eruptions occur, but detailed field observations are needed to evaluate them. We present ultrahigh-resolution reflection images of magma bodies beneath a region of multiple eruptions along the East Pacific Rise derived from three-dimensional seismic surveying. The observations reveal magma bodies with elongate ridges and troughs vertically aligned with seafloor eruptive fissures that we interpret as remnant dike root zones where repeat dikes nucleate. We document a triangular feeder zone to the axially centered magma body from the off-axis source for a newly forming seamount of the Lamont chain and infer bottom-up eruption triggering due to recharge from this deeper source. The findings indicate that magma bodies are sculpted by both processes of magma recharge from below and magma extraction to the surface, leaving a morphological imprint that contributes to localization of dike nucleation and eruption sites at the East Pacific Rise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Marjanović
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR7154, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne M. Carbotte
- Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Alexandre Stopin
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Satish C. Singh
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR7154, Paris, France
| | | | - Miloš Marjanović
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen R. Nedimović
- Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Canales
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Hélène D. Carton
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR7154, Paris, France
- Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - John C. Mutter
- Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Javier Escartín
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure (CNRS UMR), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mougel B, Agranier A, Hemond C, Gente P. A highly unradiogenic lead isotopic signature revealed by volcanic rocks from the East Pacific Rise. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4474. [PMID: 25027032 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiogenic isotopes in oceanic basalts provide a window into the different geochemical components defining the composition of Earth's mantle. Here we report the discovery of a novel geochemical signature in volcanic glasses sampled at a sub-kilometre scale along the East Pacific Rise between 15°37'N and 15°47'N. The most striking aspect of this signature is its unradiogenic lead ((206)Pb/(204)Pb=17.49, (207)Pb/(204)Pb=15.46 and (208)Pb/(204)Pb=36.83). In conjunction with enriched Sr, Nd and Hf signatures, Pb isotopes depict mixing lines that trend away from any known mantle end-members. We suggest that this unradiogenic lead component sampled by magmatic melts corresponds to a novel upper mantle reservoir that should be considered in the Pb isotope budget of the bulk silicate Earth. Major, trace element and isotope compositions are suggestive of an ancient and lower continental origin for this unradiogenic lead component, possibly sulphide-bearing pyroxenites that were preserved even after prolonged stirring within the ambient upper mantle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berengere Mougel
- Laboratoire Domaines Océaniques, UMR6538, IUEM, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Arnaud Agranier
- Laboratoire Domaines Océaniques, UMR6538, IUEM, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Hemond
- Laboratoire Domaines Océaniques, UMR6538, IUEM, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Pascal Gente
- Laboratoire Domaines Océaniques, UMR6538, IUEM, 29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fornari DJ, Embley RW. Tectonic and Volcanic Controls on Hydrothermal Processes at the Mid-Ocean Ridge: an Overview Based on Near-Bottom and Submersible Studies. SEAFLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND GEOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm091p0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
4
|
Fornari D, Tivey M, Schouten H, Perfit M, Yoerger D, Bradley A, Edwards M, Haymon R, Scheirer D, Von Damm K, Shank T, Soule A. Submarine Lava Flow Emplacement at the East Pacific Rise 9°50´N: Implications for Uppermost Ocean Crust Stratigraphy and Hydrothermal Fluid Circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/148gm08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
5
|
Macdonald KC. Linkages Between Faulting, Volcanism, Hydrothermal Activity and Segmentation on Fast Spreading Centers. FAULTING AND MAGMATISM AT MID-OCEAN RIDGES 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm106p0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
6
|
Karson JA. Internal Structure of Oceanic Lithosphere: A Perspective from Tectonic Windows. FAULTING AND MAGMATISM AT MID-OCEAN RIDGES 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm106p0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Perfit MR, Chadwick WW. Magmatism at Mid-Ocean Ridges: Constraints from Volcanological and Geochemical Investigations. FAULTING AND MAGMATISM AT MID-OCEAN RIDGES 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm106p0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
8
|
Wang X, Cochran JR. Gravity anomalies, isostasy, and mantle flow at the East Pacific Rise crest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Cormier MH, MacDonald KC. East Pacific Rise 18°-19°S: Asymmetric spreading and ridge reorientation by ultrafast migration of axial discontinuities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Niu Y, Batiza R. Magmatic processes at a slow spreading ridge segment: 26°S Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Magde LS, Detrick RS. Crustal and upper mantle contribution to the axial gravity anomaly at the southern East Pacific Rise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Scheirer DS, Macdonald KC. Near-axis seamounts on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise, 8°N to 17°N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
13
|
Cormier MH, Macdonald KC, Wilson DS. A three-dimensional gravity analysis of the East Pacific Rise from 18° to 21°30′S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Kent GM, Harding AJ, Orcutt JA, Detrick RS, Mutter JC, Buhl P. Uniform accretion of oceanic crust south of the Garrett transform at 14°15′S on the East Pacific Rise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Toomey DR, Jousselin D, Dunn RA, Wilcock WSD, Detrick RS. Skew of mantle upwelling beneath the East Pacific Rise governs segmentation. Nature 2007; 446:409-14. [PMID: 17377578 DOI: 10.1038/nature05679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mantle upwelling is essential to the generation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges, and it is generally assumed that such upwelling is symmetric beneath active ridges. Here, however, we use seismic imaging to show that the isotropic and anisotropic structure of the mantle is rotated beneath the East Pacific Rise. The isotropic structure defines the pattern of magma delivery from the mantle to the crust. We find that the segmentation of the rise crest between transform faults correlates well with the distribution of mantle melt. The azimuth of seismic anisotropy constrains the direction of mantle flow, which is rotated nearly 10 degrees anticlockwise from the plate-spreading direction. The mismatch between the locus of mantle melt delivery and the morphologic ridge axis results in systematic differences between areas of on-axis and off-axis melt supply. We conclude that the skew of asthenospheric upwelling and transport governs segmentation of the East Pacific Rise and variations in the intensity of ridge crest processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Toomey
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carbotte SM, Small C, Donnelly K. The influence of ridge migration on the magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges. Nature 2004; 429:743-6. [PMID: 15201906 DOI: 10.1038/nature02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Earth's mid-ocean ridges display systematic changes in depth and shape, which subdivide the ridges into discrete spreading segments bounded by transform faults and smaller non-transform offsets of the axis. These morphological changes have been attributed to spatial variations in the supply of magma from the mantle, although the origin of the variations is poorly understood. Here we show that magmatic segmentation of ridges with fast and intermediate spreading rates is directly related to the migration velocity of the spreading axis over the mantle. For over 9,500 km of mid-ocean ridge examined, leading ridge segments in the 'hotspot' reference frame coincide with the shallow magmatically robust segments across 86 per cent of all transform faults and 73 per cent of all second-order discontinuities. We attribute this relationship to asymmetric mantle upwelling and melt production due to ridge migration, with focusing of melt towards ridge segments across discontinuities. The model is consistent with variations in crustal structure across discontinuities of the East Pacific Rise, and may explain variations in depth of melting and the distribution of enriched lavas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Carbotte
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Rte 9W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Carlut J, Cormier MH, Kent DV, Donnelly KE, Langmuir CH. Timing of volcanism along the northern East Pacific Rise based on paleointensity experiments on basaltic glasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Carlut
- Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 8538; CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris; Paris France
| | - M.-H. Cormier
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | - D. V. Kent
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | - K. E. Donnelly
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | - C. H. Langmuir
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory; Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Embley RW, Lupton JE. Diking, event plumes, and the subsurface biosphere at mid-ocean ridges. THE SUBSEAFLOOR BIOSPHERE AT MID-OCEAN RIDGES 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/144gm06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
19
|
Shah AK, Cormier MH, Ryan WBF, Jin W, Sinton J, Bergmanis E, Carlut J, Bradley A, Yoerger D. Episodic dike swarms inferred from near-bottom magnetic anomaly maps at the southern East Pacific Rise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana K. Shah
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | | | - William B. F. Ryan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | - Wen Jin
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | - John Sinton
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Eric Bergmanis
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Julie Carlut
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University; Palisades New York USA
| | - Al Bradley
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
| | - Dana Yoerger
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Baker ET, Hey RN, Lupton JE, Resing JA, Feely RA, Gharib JJ, Massoth GJ, Sansone FJ, Kleinrock M, Martinez F, Naar DF, Rodrigo C, Bohnenstiehl D, Pardee D. Hydrothermal venting along Earth's fastest spreading center: East Pacific Rise, 27.5°-32.3°. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. T. Baker
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - R. N. Hey
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - J. E. Lupton
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Newport Oregon USA
| | - J. A. Resing
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - R. A. Feely
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. J. Gharib
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - G. J. Massoth
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - F. J. Sansone
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - M. Kleinrock
- Department of Geology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - F. Martinez
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - D. F. Naar
- Department of Marine Science; University of South Florida; St. Petersburg Florida USA
| | - C. Rodrigo
- Servicio Hidrografico y Oceanografico de la Armada; Valparaiso Chile
| | - D. Bohnenstiehl
- Department of Geology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - D. Pardee
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
At mid-ocean ridges, plate separation leads to upward advection and pressure-release partial melting of fertile mantle material; the melt is then extracted to the spreading centre and the residual depleted mantle flows horizontally away. In back-arc basins, the subducting slab is an important control on the pattern of mantle advection and melt extraction, as well as on compositional and fluid gradients. Modelling studies predict significant mantle wedge effects on back-arc spreading processes. Here we show that various spreading centres in the Lau back-arc basin exhibit enhanced, diminished or normal magma supply, which correlates with distance from the arc volcanic front but not with spreading rate. To explain this correlation we propose that depleted upper-mantle material, generated by melt extraction in the mantle wedge, is overturned and re-introduced beneath the back-arc basin by subduction-induced corner flow. The spreading centres experience enhanced melt delivery near the volcanic front, diminished melting within the overturned depleted mantle farther from the corner and normal melting conditions in undepleted mantle farther away. Our model explains fundamental differences in crustal accretion variables between back-arc and mid-ocean settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martinez
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sinton J. Volcanic eruptions on mid-ocean ridges: New evidence from the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 17°–19°S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Wright DJ. Crustal fissuring on the crest of the southern East Pacific Rise at 17°15′–40′S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
White SM. Correlation between volcanic and tectonic segmentation of fast-spreading ridges: Evidence from volcanic structures and lava flow morphology on the East Pacific Rise at 9°–10°N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
Van Avendonk HJA, Harding AJ, Orcutt JA, McClain JS. Contrast in crustal structure across the Clipperton transform fault from travel time tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
27
|
Lagabrielle Y, Garel E, Dauteuil O, Cormier MH. Extensional faulting and caldera collapse in the axial region of fast spreading ridges: Analog modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Evidence from three-dimensional seismic reflectivity images for enhanced melt supply beneath mid-ocean-ridge discontinuities. Nature 2000; 406:614-8. [PMID: 10949299 DOI: 10.1038/35020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the melt distribution and crustal structure across ridge-axis discontinuities is essential for understanding the relationship between magmatic, tectonic and petrologic segmentation of mid-ocean-ridge spreading centres. The geometry and continuity of magma bodies beneath features such as overlapping spreading centres can strongly influence the composition of erupted lavas and may give insight into the underlying pattern of mantle flow. Here we present three-dimensional images of seismic reflectivity beneath a mid-ocean ridge to investigate the nature of melt distribution across a ridge-axis discontinuity. Reflectivity slices through the 9 degrees 03' N overlapping spreading centre on East Pacific Rise suggest that it has a robust magma supply, with melt bodies underlying both limbs and ponding of melt beneath large areas of the overlap basin. The geometry of melt distribution beneath this offset is inconsistent with large-scale, crustal redistribution of melt away from centres of upwelling. The complex distribution of melt seems instead to be caused by a combination of vertical melt transport from the underlying mantle and subsequent focusing of melt beneath a magma freezing boundary in the mid-crust.
Collapse
|
29
|
Martínez F, Fryer P, Becker N. Geophysical characteristics of the southern Mariana Trough, 11°50′N-13°40′N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Carbotte SM, Solomon A, Ponce-Correa G. Evaluation of morphological indicators of magma supply and segmentation from a seismic reflection study of the East Pacific Rise 15°30′-17°N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
Cochran JR, Fornari DJ, Coakley BJ, Herr R, Tivey MA. Continuous near-bottom gravity measurements made with a BGM-3 gravimeter in DSVAlvinon the East Pacific Rise crest near 9°31′N and 9°50′N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
32
|
Niu Y, Collerson KD, Batiza R, Wendt JI, Regelous M. Origin of enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalt at ridges far from mantle plumes: The East Pacific Rise at 11°20′N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jb900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
White SM, Macdonald KC, Scheirer DS, Cormier MH. Distribution of isolated volcanoes on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise, 15.3°S-20°S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
34
|
Michael PJ, Cornell WC. Influence of spreading rate and magma supply on crystallization and assimilation beneath mid-ocean ridges: Evidence from chlorine and major element chemistry of mid-ocean ridge basalts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Scheirer DS, Forsyth DW, Cormier MH, Macdonald KC. Shipboard geophysical indications of asymmetry and melt production beneath the east pacific rise near the MELT experiment. Science 1998; 280:1221-4. [PMID: 9596566 DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5367.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Near the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) Experiment, seamounts form and off-axis lava flows occur in a zone that extends farther to the west of the East Pacific Rise than to the east, indicating a broad, asymmetric region of melt production. More seamounts, slower subsidence, and less dense mantle on the western flank suggest transport of hotter mantle toward the axis from the west. Variations in axial ridge shape, axial magma chamber continuity, off-axis volcanism, and apparent mantle density indicate that upwelling is probably faster and more melt is produced beneath 17 degrees15'S than beneath 15 degrees55'S. Recent volcanism occurs above mantle with the lowest seismic velocities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DS Scheirer
- D. S. Scheirer and D. W. Forsyth, Department of Geological Sciences, Box 1846, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. M.-H. Cormier, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. K. C. Macdonald, Department of
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Canales JP, Detrick RS, Bazin S, Harding AJ, Orcutt JA. Off-axis crustal thickness across and along the east pacific rise within the MELT area. Science 1998; 280:1218-21. [PMID: 9596565 DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5367.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Wide-angle seismic data along the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT) arrays show that the thickness of 0.5- to 1. 5-million-year-old crust of the Nazca Plate is not resolvably different from that of the Pacific Plate, despite an asymmetry in depth and gravity across this portion of the East Pacific Rise. Crustal thickness on similarly aged crust on the Nazca plate near a magmatically robust part of the East Pacific Rise at 17 degrees15'S is slightly thinner (5.1 to 5.7 kilometers) than at the 15 degrees55'S overlapping spreading center (5.8 to 6.3 kilometers). This small north-south off-axis crustal thickness difference may reflect along-axis temporal variations in magma supply, whereas the across-axis asymmetry in depth and gravity must be caused by density variations in the underlying mantle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JP Canales
- J. P. Canales and R. S. Detrick, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 360 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. S. Bazin, A. J. Harding, J. A. Orcutt, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wilcock WSD. Cellular convection models of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal circulation and the temperatures of black smoker fluids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
38
|
Hooft EEE, Detrick RS, Kent GM. Seismic structure and indicators of magma budget along the Southern East Pacific Rise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Gee J, Kent DV. Magnetization of axial lavas from the southern East Pacific Rise (14°-23°S): Geochemical controls on magnetic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Sempéré JC, Cochran JR. The Southeast Indian Ridge between 88°E and 118°E: Variations in crustal accretion at constant spreading rate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
41
|
Hekinian R, Stoffers P, Devey C, Ackerman D, Hémond C, O'Connor J, Binard N, Maia M. Intraplate versus ridge volcanism on the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge near 37°S-111°W. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
42
|
Carbotte SM, Mutter JC, Xu L. Contribution of volcanism and tectonism to axial and flank morphology of the southern East Pacific Rise, 17°10′-17°40′S, from a study of layer 2A geometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
43
|
Tolstoy M, Harding AJ, Orcutt JA. Deepening of the axial magma chamber on the southern East Pacific Rise toward the Garrett Fracture Zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
44
|
Niu Y, Waggoner DG, Sinton JM, Mahoney JJ. Mantle source heterogeneity and melting processes beneath seafloor spreading centers: The East Pacific Rise, 18°-19°S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
Hussenoeder SA, Collins JA, Kent GM, Detrick RS. Seismic analysis of the axial magma chamber reflector along the southern East Pacific Rise from conventional reflection profiling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Weiland CM, Macdonald KC. Geophysical study of the East Pacific Rise 15°N-17°N: An unusually robust segment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
Wang X, Cochran JR, Barth GA. Gravity anomalies, crustal thickness, and the pattern of mantle flow at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, 9°-10°N: Evidence for three-dimensional upwelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
48
|
Barth GA, Mutter JC. Variability in oceanic crustal thickness and structure: Multichannel seismic reflection results from the northern East Pacific Rise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
|
50
|
Baker ET, Urabe T. Extensive distribution of hydrothermal plumes along the superfast spreading East Pacific Rise, 13°30′-18°40′S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb03746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|