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Reconstruction of Late Pleistocene-Holocene Deformation through Massive Data Collection at Krafla Rift (NE Iceland) Owing to Drone-Based Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we demonstrate how drone surveys coupled with structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry can help to collect huge amounts of very detailed data even in rough terrains where logistics can affect classical field surveys. The area of study is located in the NW part of the Krafla Fissure Swarm (NE Iceland), a volcanotectonic rift composed of eruptive centres, extension fractures, and normal faults. The surveyed sector is characterized by the presence of a hyaloclastite ridge composed of deposits dated, on a stratigraphic basis, to the Weichselian High Glacial (29.1–12.1 ka BP), and a series of lava flows mostly dating back to 11–12 ka BP. The integration of remotely sensed surveys and field inspections enabled us to recognize that this segment of the Krafla rift is made of grabens arranged en-échelon with a left-stepping geometry. A major graben increases in width in correspondence of the hyaloclastite cone; we interpret this geometry as resulting from the mechanical contrast between the stiffer lava succession and the softer hyaloclastites, which favours the development of concentric faults. We also measured a total extension of 16.6 m and 11.2 m along the fractures affecting the lava units, and a total extension in the hyaloclastites of 29.3 m. This produces an extension rate of 1.4 mm/yr in the Holocene lavas and 1.7 ± 0.7 mm/yr in the Weichselian hyaloclastite deposits. The spreading direction we obtained for this area is N97.7° E, resulting from the av. of 568 opening direction values.
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Arnott SK, Foulger GR. The Krafla spreading segment, Iceland: 2. The accretionary stress cycle and nonshear earthquake focal mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sigmundsson F, Einarsson P, Bilham R, Sturkell E. Rift-transform kinematics in south Iceland: Deformation from Global Positioning System measurements, 1986 to 1992. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strain accommodation by slow slip and dyking in a youthful continental rift, East Africa. Nature 2008; 456:783-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Geirsson H, Árnadóttir T, Völksen C, Jiang W, Sturkell E, Villemin T, Einarsson P, Sigmundsson F, Stefánsson R. Current plate movements across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge determined from 5 years of continuous GPS measurements in Iceland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb003717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Davis EE, Wang K, Thomson RE, Becker K, Cassidy JF. An episode of seafloor spreading and associated plate deformation inferred from crustal fluid pressure transients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heki K, Miyazaki S, Takahashi H, Kasahara M, Kimata F, Miura S, Vasilenko NF, Ivashchenko A, An KD. The Amurian Plate motion and current plate kinematics in eastern Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jónsson S, Einarsson P, Sigmundsson F. Extension across a divergent plate boundary, the Eastern Volcanic Rift Zone, south Iceland, 1967-1994, observed with GPS and electronic distance measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hofton MA, Foulger GR. Postrifting anelastic deformation around the spreading plate boundary, north Iceland: 2. Implications of the model derived from the 1987-1992 deformation field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hofton MA, Foulger GR. Postrifting anelastic deformation around the spreading plate boundary, north Iceland: 1. Modeling of the 1987-1992 deformation field using a viscoelastic Earth structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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