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Fang Z, Wang WX. Size speciation of dissolved trace metals in hydrothermal plumes on the Southwest Indian Ridge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145367. [PMID: 33548727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining the size speciation and chemical transformation of trace metals is of paramount in order to better assess the impact of hydrothermal activities on the ocean metal budgets. In this study, we examined the concentration and size speciation of dissolved trace metals (i.e. Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Mo, As, Pb, Cd) in the hydrothermal plumes of two vent fields (i.e. Longqi and Tiancheng) on the Southwest Indian Ridge. The majority of dissolved Mn (75-100%) in the buoyant and non-buoyant plumes were presented as soluble Mn (<1 kDa), while dissolved Fe in the buoyant plume contained considerable colloidal Fe (54-95%). More than 66% of hydrothermally dissolved Fe was removed in the buoyant plume within a short distance of dispersion. Except for the samples most proximal to the fluid source, concentrations of Cu, Ni and Mo in the plumes were comparable to those of the background seawater and independent of the plume dilution. Concentrations of dissolved As and Pb in the buoyant plume of the Tiancheng field were higher than those of the Longqi field, resulting from the scavenging of As in the Longqi field and the release of Pb from metal sulfide dissolution in the Tiancheng field. Concentrations of dissolved Cd in the non-buoyant plume were nearly identical to the background seawater and soluble Cd was dominant (75-92%) in the soluble phase. In contrast, 33-96% (or 0.024-0.085 μg/kg) of dissolved Cd was removed in the buoyant plume and the remaining dissolved Cd was mainly in colloidal phase (up to 96%), suggesting that hydrothermal plume was likely an important sink of oceanic Cd and colloidal ligands played an important role in the stabilization of hydrothermal Cd. Our study has demonstrated the very dynamic nature of trace metal speciation in hydrothermal vent fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Fang
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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Abiotic redox reactions in hydrothermal mixing zones: Decreased energy availability for the subsurface biosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20453-20461. [PMID: 32817473 PMCID: PMC7456078 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal fluid geochemistry exerts a key control on subseafloor microbial community structure and function. However, the effects of microbial metabolic activity, thermal decomposition of biomass, and abiotic reactions on geochemistry remain unconstrained. Depletions in molecular hydrogen and enrichments in methane in submarine hydrothermal mixing zones have been interpreted to reflect the influence of an active subseafloor biosphere. In contrast, our work reveals that these chemical shifts are driven by abiotic and thermogenic processes at temperatures beyond the limit for life. These findings have critical implications for constraining the extent to which global geochemical cycles can sustain a deep biosphere, and for the global molecular hydrogen budget. Subseafloor mixing of high-temperature hot-spring fluids with cold seawater creates intermediate-temperature diffuse fluids that are replete with potential chemical energy. This energy can be harnessed by a chemosynthetic biosphere that permeates hydrothermal regions on Earth. Shifts in the abundance of redox-reactive species in diffuse fluids are often interpreted to reflect the direct influence of subseafloor microbial activity on fluid geochemical budgets. Here, we examine hydrothermal fluids venting at 44 to 149 °C at the Piccard hydrothermal field that span the canonical 122 °C limit to life, and thus provide a rare opportunity to study the transition between habitable and uninhabitable environments. In contrast with previous studies, we show that hydrocarbons are contributed by biomass pyrolysis, while abiotic sulfate (SO42−) reduction produces large depletions in H2. The latter process consumes energy that could otherwise support key metabolic strategies employed by the subseafloor biosphere. Available Gibbs free energy is reduced by 71 to 86% across the habitable temperature range for both hydrogenotrophic SO42− reduction to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to methane (CH4). The abiotic H2 sink we identify has implications for the productivity of subseafloor microbial ecosystems and is an important process to consider within models of H2 production and consumption in young oceanic crust.
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Von Damm KL. Controls on the Chemistry and Temporal Variability of Seafloor Hydrothermal Fluids. SEAFLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND GEOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm091p0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mills RA, Elderfield H. Hydrothermal Activity and the Geochemistry of Metalliferous Sediment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm091p0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Hannington MD, Jonasson IR, Herzig PM, Petersen S. Physical and Chemical Processes of Seafloor Mineralization at Mid-Ocean Ridges. SEAFLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND GEOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm091p0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Seyfried WE, Ding K. Phase Equilibria in Subseafloor Hydrothermal Systems: a Review of the Role of Redox, Temperature, Ph and Dissolved Cl on the Chemistry of Hot Spring Fluids at Mid-Ocean Ridges. SEAFLOOR HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND GEOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm091p0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Systems at Mid-Ocean Ridges: Chemical and Physical Controls on pH, Redox and Carbon Reduction Reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/148gm11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Tivey MK, Humphris SE, Thompson G, Hannington MD, Rona PA. Deducing patterns of fluid flow and mixing within the TAG active hydrothermal mound using mineralogical and geochemical data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Feely RA, Massoth GJ, Trefry JH, Baker ET, Paulson AJ, Lebon GT. Composition and sedimentation of hydrothermal plume particles from North Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Butterfield DA, Massoth GJ. Geochemistry of north Cleft segment vent fluids: Temporal changes in chlorinity and their possible relation to recent volcanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Massoth GJ, Baker ET, Lupton JE, Feely RA, Butterfield DA, Von Damm KL, Roe KK, Lebon GT. Temporal and spatial variability of hydrothermal manganese and iron at Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Embley RW, Feely RA, Lupton JE. Introduction to Special Section on Volcanic and Hydrothermal Processes on the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jb03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michel APM, Chave AD. Double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of bulk aqueous solutions at oceanic pressures: interrelationship of gate delay, pulse energies, interpulse delay, and pressure. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:G131-G143. [PMID: 19122694 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.00g131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been identified as an analytical chemistry technique suitable for field use. We use double pulse LIBS to detect five analytes (sodium, manganese, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) that are of key importance in understanding the chemistry of deep ocean hydrothermal vent fluids as well as mixtures of vent fluids and seawater. The high pressure aqueous environment of the deep ocean is simulated in the laboratory, and the key double pulse experimental parameters (laser pulse energies, gate delay time, and interpulse delay time) are studied at pressures up to 2.76x10(7) Pa. Each element is found to have a unique optimal set of parameters for detection. For all pressures and energies, a short (< or = 100 ns) gate delay is necessary. As pressure increases, a shorter interpulse delay is needed and the double pulse conditions effectively become single pulse for both the 1.38x10(7) Pa and the 2.76x10(7) Pa conditions tested. Calibration curves reveal the limits of detection of the elements (5000 ppm Mg, 500 ppm K, 500 ppm Ca, 1000 ppm Mn, and 50 ppm Na) in aqueous solutions at 2.76x10(7) Pa for the experimental setup used. When compared to our previous single pulse LIBS work for Ca, Mn, and Na, the use of double pulse LIBS for analyte detection in high pressure aqueous solutions did not improve the limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P M Michel
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Mail Stop 7, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
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Hsu-Kim H, Mullaugh KM, Tsang JJ, Yucel M, Luther GW. Formation of Zn- and Fe-sulfides near hydrothermal vents at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: implications for sulfide bioavailability to chemoautotrophs. GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS 2008; 9:6. [PMID: 18489753 PMCID: PMC2396607 DOI: 10.1186/1467-4866-9-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The speciation of dissolved sulfide in the water immediately surrounding deep-ocean hydrothermal vents is critical to chemoautotrophic organisms that are the primary producers of these ecosystems. The objective of this research was to identify the role of Zn and Fe for controlling the speciation of sulfide in the hydrothermal vent fields at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) in the southern Pacific Ocean. Compared to other well-studied hydrothermal systems in the Pacific, the ELSC is notable for unique ridge characteristics and gradients over short distances along the north-south ridge axis. RESULTS In June 2005, diffuse-flow (< 50 degrees C) and high-temperature (> 250 degrees C) vent fluids were collected from four field sites along the ELSC ridge axis. Total and filtered Zn and Fe concentrations were quantified in the vent fluid samples using voltammetric and spectrometric analyses. The results indicated north-to-south variability in vent fluid composition. In the high temperature vent fluids, the ratio of total Fe to total Zn varied from 39 at Kilo Moana, the most northern site, to less than 7 at the other three sites. The concentrations of total Zn, Fe, and acid-volatile sulfide indicated that oversaturation and precipitation of sphalerite (ZnS(s)) and pyrite (FeS2(s)) were possible during cooling of the vent fluids as they mixed with the surrounding seawater. In contrast, most samples were undersaturated with respect to mackinawite (FeS(s)). The reactivity of Zn(II) in the filtered samples was tested by adding Cu(II) to the samples to induce metal-exchange reactions. In a portion of the samples, the concentration of labile Zn2+ increased after the addition of Cu(II), indicating the presence of strongly-bound Zn(II) species such as ZnS clusters and nanoparticles. CONCLUSION Results of this study suggest that Zn is important to sulfide speciation at ELSC vent habitats, particularly at the southern sites where Zn concentrations increase relative to Fe. As the hydrothermal fluids mix with the ambient seawater, Zn-sulfide clusters and nanoparticles are likely preventing sulfide oxidation by O2 and reducing bioavailability of S(-II) to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heileen Hsu-Kim
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Box 90287, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Katherine M Mullaugh
- College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Rd., Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Tsang
- College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Rd., Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - Mustafa Yucel
- College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Rd., Lewes, DE 19958, USA
| | - George W Luther
- College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Rd., Lewes, DE 19958, USA
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Seyfried WE, Seewald JS, Berndt ME, Ding K, Foustoukos DI. Chemistry of hydrothermal vent fluids from the Main Endeavour Field, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Geochemical controls in the aftermath of June 1999 seismic events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb001957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. E. Seyfried
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - J. S. Seewald
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
| | - M. E. Berndt
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Kang Ding
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - D. I. Foustoukos
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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Tivey MK, Stakes DS, Cook TL, Hannington MD, Petersen S. A model for growth of steep-sided vent structures on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Results of a petrologic and geochemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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