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SHAtropE—A Regional Gridded ZTD Model for China and the Surrounding Areas. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A regional zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) empirical model, referred to as SHAtropE (SHanghai Astronomical observatory tropospheric delay model—Extended), is developed and provides tropospheric propagation delay corrections for users in China and the surrounding areas with improved accuracy. The SHAtropE model was developed based on the ZTD time series of the continuous GNSS sites from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and GNSS sites of surrounding areas. It combines the exponential and periodical functions and is provided as regional grids with a resolution of 2.5° × 2.0° in longitude and latitude. At each grid point, the exponential function converts the ZTD from the site height to the ellipsoid, and the periodical terms, including both annual and semi-annual periods, describe ZTD’s temporal variation. Moreover, SHAtropE also provides the predicted ZTD uncertainty, which is valuable in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with ZTD being constrained for faster convergence. The data of 310 GNSS sites over 7 years were used to validate the new model. Results show that the SHAtropE ZTD has an accuracy of 3.5 cm in root mean square (RMS) quantity, which has a mean improvement of 35.2% and 5.4% over the UNB3m (5.4 cm) and GPT3 (3.7 cm) models, respectively. The predicted uncertainty of SHAtropE ZTD shows seasonal variations, where the values are larger in summer than in winter. By applying the SHAtropE model in the static PPP, the convergence time of GPS-only and BDS-only solutions are reduced by 8.1% and 14.5% respectively compared to the UNB3m model, and the reductions are 6.9% and 11.2% respectively for the GPT3 model. As no meteorological data are required for the implementation of the model, the SHAtropE could thus be a refined tropospheric model for GNSS users in mainland China and the surrounding areas. The method of modeling the ZTD uncertainty can also be used in further global tropospheric delay modeling.
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Boehm J, Werl B, Schuh H. Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and very long baseline interferometry from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational analysis data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb003629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Boehm
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Werl
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Harald Schuh
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics; Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
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Li Z. Comparison of precipitable water vapor derived from radiosonde, GPS, and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Niell A. Preliminary evaluation of atmospheric mapping functions based on numerical weather models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1464-1895(01)00087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tregoning P, Boers R, O'Brien D, Hendy M. Accuracy of absolute precipitable water vapor estimates from GPS observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bar-Sever YE, Kroger PM, Borjesson JA. Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb03534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen G, Herring TA. Effects of atmospheric azimuthal asymmetry on the analysis of space geodetic data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Niell AE. Global mapping functions for the atmosphere delay at radio wavelengths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 946] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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