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Neal CA, Brantley SR, Antolik L, Babb JL, Burgess M, Calles K, Cappos M, Chang JC, Conway S, Desmither L, Dotray P, Elias T, Fukunaga P, Fuke S, Johanson IA, Kamibayashi K, Kauahikaua J, Lee RL, Pekalib S, Miklius A, Million W, Moniz CJ, Nadeau PA, Okubo P, Parcheta C, Patrick MR, Shiro B, Swanson DA, Tollett W, Trusdell F, Younger EF, Zoeller MH, Montgomery-Brown EK, Anderson KR, Poland MP, Ball JL, Bard J, Coombs M, Dietterich HR, Kern C, Thelen WA, Cervelli PF, Orr T, Houghton BF, Gansecki C, Hazlett R, Lundgren P, Diefenbach AK, Lerner AH, Waite G, Kelly P, Clor L, Werner C, Mulliken K, Fisher G, Damby D. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano. Science 2018; 363:367-374. [PMID: 30538164 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 kilometers. A 4 May earthquake [moment magnitude (M w) 6.9] produced ~5 meters of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 cubic meters per second, eventually covering 35.5 square kilometers. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent to M w 4.7 to 5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent-about 0.8 cubic kilometers. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Neal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA.
| | - S R Brantley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - L Antolik
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J L Babb
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M Burgess
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - K Calles
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M Cappos
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J C Chang
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Conway
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - L Desmither
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Dotray
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - T Elias
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Fukunaga
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Fuke
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - I A Johanson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - K Kamibayashi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J Kauahikaua
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - R L Lee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Pekalib
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - A Miklius
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - W Million
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - C J Moniz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P A Nadeau
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Okubo
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - C Parcheta
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M R Patrick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - B Shiro
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - D A Swanson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - W Tollett
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - F Trusdell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - E F Younger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M H Zoeller
- Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - E K Montgomery-Brown
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - K R Anderson
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M P Poland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - J L Ball
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J Bard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - M Coombs
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - H R Dietterich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - C Kern
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - W A Thelen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - P F Cervelli
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - T Orr
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - B F Houghton
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1680 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - C Gansecki
- Geology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - R Hazlett
- Geology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - P Lundgren
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A K Diefenbach
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - A H Lerner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, 100 Cascades Hall, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - G Waite
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 630 Dow Environmental Sciences, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - P Kelly
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - L Clor
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - C Werner
- U.S. Geological Survey Contractor, 392 Tukapa St., RD1, New Plymouth 4371, New Zealand
| | - K Mulliken
- State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 3354 College Rd., Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA
| | - G Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Civil Applications Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS-562, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - D Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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