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Jones SM, Hoggett M, Greene SE, Dunkley Jones T. Large Igneous Province thermogenic greenhouse gas flux could have initiated Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum climate change. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5547. [PMID: 31804460 PMCID: PMC6895149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are associated with the largest climate perturbations in Earth's history. The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) and Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) constitute an exemplar of this association. As yet we have no means to reconstruct the pacing of LIP greenhouse gas emissions for comparison with climate records at millennial resolution. Here, we calculate carbon-based greenhouse gas fluxes associated with the NAIP at sub-millennial resolution by linking measurements of the mantle convection process that generated NAIP magma with observations of the individual geological structures that controlled gas emissions in a Monte Carlo framework. These simulations predict peak emissions flux of 0.2-0.5 PgC yr-1 and show that the NAIP could have initiated PETM climate change. This is the first predictive model of carbon emissions flux from any proposed PETM carbon source that is directly constrained by observations of the geological structures that controlled the emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jones
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Murray Hoggett
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah E Greene
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tom Dunkley Jones
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Two deep-mantle sources for Paleocene doming and volcanism in the North Atlantic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13227-13232. [PMID: 31196961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816188116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) erupted in two major pulses that coincide with the continental breakup and the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean over a period from 62 to 54 Ma. The unknown mantle structure under the North Atlantic during the Paleocene represents a major missing link in deciphering the geodynamic causes of this event. To address this outstanding challenge, we use a back-and-forth iterative method for time-reversed global convection modeling over the Cenozoic Era which incorporates models of present-day tomography-based mantle heterogeneity. We find that the Paleocene mantle under the North Atlantic is characterized by two major low-density plumes in the lower mantle: one beneath Greenland and another beneath the Azores. These strong lower-mantle upwellings generate small-scale hot upwellings and cold downwellings in the upper mantle. The upwellings are dispersed sources of magmatism and topographic uplift that were active on the rifted margins of the North Atlantic during the formation of the NAIP. While most studies of the Paleocene evolution of the North Atlantic have focused on the proto-Icelandic plume, our Cenozoic reconstructions reveal the equally important dynamics of a hot, buoyant, mantle-wide upwelling below the Azores.
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Frieling J, Peterse F, Lunt DJ, Bohaty SM, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Reichart G‐J, Sluijs A. Widespread Warming Before and Elevated Barium Burial During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Evidence for Methane Hydrate Release? PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2019; 34:546-566. [PMID: 31245790 PMCID: PMC6582550 DOI: 10.1029/2018pa003425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Current climate change may induce positive carbon cycle feedbacks that amplify anthropogenic warming on time scales of centuries to millennia. Similar feedbacks might have been active during a phase of carbon cycle perturbation and global warming, termed the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, 56 million years ago). The PETM may help constrain these feedbacks and their sensitivity to warming. We present new high-resolution carbon isotope and sea surface temperature data from Ocean Drilling Program Site 959 in the Equatorial Atlantic. With these and existing data from the New Jersey Shelf and Maud Rise, Southern Ocean, we quantify the lead-lag relation between PETM warming and the carbon input that caused the carbon isotope excursion (CIE). We show ~2 °C of global warming preceded the CIE by millennia, strongly implicating CO2-driven warming triggered a positive carbon cycle feedback. We further compile new and published barium (Ba) records encompassing continental shelf, slope, and deep ocean settings. Based on this compilation, we calculate that average Ba burial rates approximately tripled during the PETM, which may require an additional source of Ba to the ocean. Although the precipitation pathway is not well constrained, dissolved Ba stored in sulfate-depleted pore waters below methane hydrates could represent an additional source. We speculate the most complete explanation for early warming and rise in Ba supply is that hydrate dissociation acted as a positive feedback and caused the CIE. These results imply hydrates are more temperature sensitive than previously considered, and may warrant reconsideration of the political assignment of 2 °C warming as a safe future scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Frieling
- Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - F. Peterse
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - D. J. Lunt
- School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - S. M. Bohaty
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton, Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUK
| | - J. S. Sinninghe Damsté
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht UniversityTexelThe Netherlands
| | - G. ‐J. Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Ocean Sciences, and Utrecht UniversityTexelThe Netherlands
| | - A. Sluijs
- Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Funck T, Geissler WH, Kimbell GS, Gradmann S, Erlendsson Ö, McDermott K, Petersen UK. Moho and basement depth in the NE Atlantic Ocean based on seismic refraction data and receiver functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1144/sp447.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSeismic refraction data and results from receiver functions were used to compile the depth to the basement and Moho in the NE Atlantic Ocean. For interpolation between the unevenly spaced data points, the kriging technique was used. Free-air gravity data were used as constraints in the kriging process for the basement. That way, structures with little or no seismic coverage are still presented on the basement map, in particular the basins off East Greenland. The rift basins off NW Europe are mapped as a continuous zone with basement depths of between 5 and 15 km. Maximum basement depths off NE Greenland are 8 km, but these are probably underestimated. Plate reconstructions for Chron C24 (c. 54 Ma) suggest that the poorly known Ammassalik Basin off SE Greenland may correlate with the northern termination of the Hatton Basin at the conjugate margin. The most prominent feature on the Moho map is the Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge, with Moho depths >28 km. Crustal thickness is compiled from the Moho and basement depths. The oceanic crust displays an increased thickness close to the volcanic margins affected by the Iceland plume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Funck
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Wolfram H. Geissler
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Sofie Gradmann
- Geological Survey of Norway, Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, 7040 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kenneth McDermott
- UCD School of Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Uni K. Petersen
- Faroese Earth and Energy Directorate, Brekkutún 1, 110 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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Kent W, Saunders AD, Kempton PD, Ghose NC. Rajmahal Basalts, Eastern India: Mantle Sources and Melt Distribution at a Volcanic Rifted Margin. LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES: CONTINENTAL, OCEANIC, AND PLANETARY FLOOD VOLCANISM 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm100p0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Saunders AD, Fitton JG, Kerr AC, Norry MJ, Kent RW. The North Atlantic Igneous Province. LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCES: CONTINENTAL, OCEANIC, AND PLANETARY FLOOD VOLCANISM 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm100p0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dickens GR. Modeling the Global Carbon Cycle with a Gas Hydrate Capacitor: Significance for the Latest Paleocene Thermal Maximum. NATURAL GAS HYDRATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm124p0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Planke S. Geophysical response of flood basalts from analysis of wire line logs: Ocean Drilling Program Site 642, Vøring volcanic margin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Planke S, Eldholm O. Seismic response and construction of seaward dipping wedges of flood basalts: Vøring volcanic margin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Calvès G, Schwab AM, Huuse M, Clift PD, Gaina C, Jolley D, Tabrez AR, Inam A. Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the western Indian rifted margin: The pre-Deccan igneous province. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Blaich OA, Faleide JI, Tsikalas F. Crustal breakup and continent-ocean transition at South Atlantic conjugate margins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jb007686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lower-crustal intrusion on the North Atlantic continental margin. Nature 2008; 452:460-4. [PMID: 18368115 DOI: 10.1038/nature06687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
When continents break apart, the rifting is sometimes accompanied by the production of large volumes of molten rock. The total melt volume, however, is uncertain, because only part of it has erupted at the surface. Furthermore, the cause of the magmatism is still disputed-specifically, whether or not it is due to increased mantle temperatures. We recorded deep-penetration normal-incidence and wide-angle seismic profiles across the Faroe and Hatton Bank volcanic margins in the northeast Atlantic. Here we show that near the Faroe Islands, for every 1 km along strike, 360-400 km(3) of basalt is extruded, while 540-600 km(3) is intruded into the continent-ocean transition. We find that lower-crustal intrusions are focused mainly into a narrow zone approximately 50 km wide on the transition, although extruded basalts flow more than 100 km from the rift. Seismic profiles show that the melt is intruded into the lower crust as sills, which cross-cut the continental fabric, rather than as an 'underplate' of 100 per cent melt, as has often been assumed. Evidence from the measured seismic velocities and from igneous thicknesses are consistent with the dominant control on melt production being increased mantle temperatures, with no requirement for either significant active small-scale mantle convection under the rift or the presence of fertile mantle at the time of continental break-up, as has previously been suggested for the North Atlantic Ocean.
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Storey M, Duncan RA, Swisher CC. Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Opening of the Northeast Atlantic. Science 2007; 316:587-9. [PMID: 17463286 DOI: 10.1126/science.1135274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) has been attributed to a sudden release of carbon dioxide and/or methane. 40Ar/39Ar age determinations show that the Danish Ash-17 deposit, which overlies the PETM by about 450,000 years in the Atlantic, and the Skraenterne Formation Tuff, representing the end of 1 +/- 0.5 million years of massive volcanism in East Greenland, are coeval. The relative age of Danish Ash-17 thus places the PETM onset after the beginning of massive flood basalt volcanism at 56.1 +/- 0.4 million years ago but within error of the estimated continental breakup time of 55.5 +/- 0.3 million years ago, marked by the eruption of mid-ocean ridge basalt-like flows. These correlations support the view that the PETM was triggered by greenhouse gas release during magma interaction with basin-filling carbon-rich sedimentary rocks proximal to the embryonic plate boundary between Greenland and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Storey
- Quaternary Dating Laboratory, Department of Environment, Society and Spatial Change, Roskilde University Centre, Post Office Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Engen Ø, Frazer LN, Wessel P, Faleide JI. Prediction of sediment thickness in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea from gravity inversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb003924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Engen
- Department of Geosciences; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - L. Neil Frazer
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Pål Wessel
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawai'i at Mānoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
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TSIKALAS F, FALEIDE JI, ELDHOLM O, WILSON J. Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic structural and stratigraphic correlations between the conjugate mid-Norway and NE Greenland continental margins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1144/0060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonostratigraphic correlations between the conjugate mid-Norway and NE Greenland continental margins are provided, based on the recently refined structural and stratigraphic framework off mid-Norway, new early opening plate reconstructions of Eurasia versus Greenland between the Jan Mayen and Senja fracture zones, and a sparse regional grid of seismic reflection profiles off NE Greenland. The Norwegian margin exhibits a distinct along-strike margin segmentation governed by across-margin transfer systems. In particular, the Bivrost Fracture Zone and its landward transfer zone prolongation are well-defined features. Corresponding features are here interpreted on the conjugate NE Greenland margin. Together, these conjugate transfer/fracture zones represent a first-order, across-margin tectonomagmatic boundary of prolonged structural inheritance. Regional transects across both margins reveal important vertical and lateral variations in crustal configuration and composition resulting from a complex history of rifting prior to and during the last rift episode in Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary time, leading to break-up and volcanic passive margin formation. Although the composite Late Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous rifting was the dominant tectonic episode, one also observes structural and stratigraphic relations that indicate an Aptian–?Albian rift phase, probably co-eval with similar events elsewhere on the NE Atlantic margins. Late Cretaceous rifting, with onset in middle Campanian time, was characterized by low-angle detachment faulting, culminating in regional uplift, intrusive igneous activity and subsequent erosion towards the end of the Paleocene. Thick seaward-dipping reflector sequences indicate massive eruptions of lavas during break-up at the Paleocene–Eocene transition. The post-break-up passive margin development was characterized by the transport and deposition of large amounts of sediment in response to margin subsidence and continental uplift, particularly during two distinct phases of outbuilding in Oligocene?/Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene times. Of special interest are a number of mid-Cenozoic intra-basin inversion features recognized both off Norway and off Greenland, revealing a regional compressive regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. TSIKALAS
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway (e-mail:)
| | - J. I. FALEIDE
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway (e-mail:)
| | - O. ELDHOLM
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - J. WILSON
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway (e-mail:)
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Braun A, Marquart G. Evolution of the Lofoten-Vesterålen margin inferred from gravity and crustal modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Braun
- Byrd Polar Research Center; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Gabriele Marquart
- Space Research Organization Netherlands and Department of Earth Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht Netherlands
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Svensen H, Planke S, Malthe-Sørenssen A, Jamtveit B, Myklebust R, Rasmussen Eidem T, Rey SS. Release of methane from a volcanic basin as a mechanism for initial Eocene global warming. Nature 2004; 429:542-5. [PMID: 15175747 DOI: 10.1038/nature02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2003] [Accepted: 04/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A 200,000-yr interval of extreme global warming marked the start of the Eocene epoch about 55 million years ago. Negative carbon- and oxygen-isotope excursions in marine and terrestrial sediments show that this event was linked to a massive and rapid (approximately 10,000 yr) input of isotopically depleted carbon. It has been suggested previously that extensive melting of gas hydrates buried in marine sediments may represent the carbon source and has caused the global climate change. Large-scale hydrate melting, however, requires a hitherto unknown triggering mechanism. Here we present evidence for the presence of thousands of hydrothermal vent complexes identified on seismic reflection profiles from the Vøring and Møre basins in the Norwegian Sea. We propose that intrusion of voluminous mantle-derived melts in carbon-rich sedimentary strata in the northeast Atlantic may have caused an explosive release of methane--transported to the ocean or atmosphere through the vent complexes--close to the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary. Similar volcanic and metamorphic processes may explain climate events associated with other large igneous provinces such as the Siberian Traps (approximately 250 million years ago) and the Karoo Igneous Province (approximately 183 million years ago).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Svensen
- Physics of Geological Processes, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Hopper JR, Dahl-Jensen T, Holbrook WS, Larsen HC, Lizarralde D, Korenaga J, Kent GM, Kelemen PB. Structure of the SE Greenland margin from seismic reflection and refraction data: Implications for nascent spreading center subsidence and asymmetric crustal accretion during North Atlantic opening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb001996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W. Steven Holbrook
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Wyoming; Laramie Wyoming USA
| | | | - Dan Lizarralde
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Jun Korenaga
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley California USA
| | - Graham M. Kent
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla California USA
| | - Peter B. Kelemen
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
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Sallarès V, Dañobeitia JJ, Flueh ER. Lithospheric structure of the Costa Rican Isthmus: Effects of subduction zone magmatism on an oceanic plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bauer K, Neben S, Schreckenberger B, Emmermann R, Hinz K, Fechner N, Gohl K, Schulze A, Trumbull RB, Weber K. Deep structure of the Namibia continental margin as derived from integrated geophysical studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Planke S, Symonds PA, Alvestad E, Skogseid J. Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large-volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Eldhom O, Coffin MF. Large igneous provinces and plate tectonics. GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm121p0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Skogseid J, Planke S, Faleide JI, Pedersen T, Eldholm O, Neverdal F. NE Atlantic continental rifting and volcanic margin formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.167.01.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDeep seismic data from the Hatton-Rockall region, the mid-Norway margin and the SW Barents Sea provide images of the crustal structure that make it possible to estimate the relative amounts of crustal thinning for the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous and Maastrichtian-Paleocene NE Atlantic rift episodes. In addition, plate reconstructions illustrate the relative movements between Eurasia and Greenland back to Mid-Jurassic time. The NE Atlantic rift system developed as a result of a series of rift episodes from the Caledonian orogeny to early Tertiary time. The Late Palaeozoic rifting is poorly constrained, particularly with respect to timing. However, rifted basin geometries, inferred to be of this age, are observed at depth in seismic data on the flanks of the younger rift structures. Intra-continental rifting in Late Jurassic-Cretaceous times causedc.50–70 km of crustal extension and subsequent Cretaceous basin subsidence from the Rockall Trough-North Sea areas in the south, to the SW Barents Sea in the north. In late Early to early Late Cretaceous times, new rifting occurred in the Rockall Trough and Labrador Sea associated with the northward propagation of North Atlantic sea-floor spreading. When sea-floor spreading was approached in the Labrador Sea the Rockall rift apparently became extinct. The final NE Atlantic rift episode was initiated near the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary, lasted until continental separation near the Paleocene-Eocene transition, and causedc.140 km extension. The late syn-rift and the earliest sea-floor spreading periods were affected by widespread igneous activity across ac.300 km wide zone along the rifted plate boundary. The deep seismic data provide lower-crustal structural geometries that represent boundary conditions for a better mapping and understanding of the extensional thinning of the crust. The crustal geometries question extension estimates previously made from basin subsidence analysis, and aid in the definition of bodies of magmatic underplating beneath the outer volcanic margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Skogseid
- Department of Geology, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Saga Petroleum ASA P.O. Box 490, N-1302 Sandvika, Norway
| | - Sverre Planke
- Department of Geology, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Inge Faleide
- Department of Geology, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Pedersen
- Institute for Energy Technology P.O. Box 40, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Olav Eldholm
- Department of Geology, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Flemming Neverdal
- Department of Geology, University of Oslo P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Smallwood JR, Staples RK, Richardson KR, White RS. Crust generated above the Iceland mantle plume: From continental rift to oceanic spreading center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chapter 19 New insights on the formation of the caribbean basalt province revealed by multichannel seismic images of volcanic structures in the Venezuelan basin. SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF THE WORLD 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5997(99)80053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gregg TKP, Fornari DJ. Long submarine lava flows: Observations and results from numerical modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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