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Bhatta S, Pandit AK, Loughman RP, Vernier JP. Three-wavelength approach for aerosol-cloud discrimination in the SAGE III/ISS aerosol extinction dataset. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3454-3466. [PMID: 37132847 DOI: 10.1364/ao.485466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is dominated by aerosols and clouds affecting Earth's radiation budget and climate. Thus, satellites' continuous monitoring and identification of these layers is crucial for quantifying their radiative impact. However, distinguishing between aerosols and clouds is challenging, especially under the perturbed UTLS conditions during post-volcanic eruptions and wildfire events. Aerosol-cloud discrimination is primarily based on their disparate wavelength-dependent scattering and absorption properties. In this study, we use aerosol extinction observations in the tropical (15°N-15°S) UTLS from June 2017 to February 2021, available from the latest generation of the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) instrument-SAGE III onboard the International Space Station (ISS) to study aerosols and clouds. During this period, the SAGE III/ISS provided better coverage over the tropics at additional wavelength channels (relative to previous SAGE missions) and witnessed several volcanic and wildfire events that perturbed the tropical UTLS. We explore the advantage of having an extinction coefficient at an additional wavelength channel (1550 nm) from the SAGE III/ISS in aerosol-cloud discrimination using a method based on thresholds of two extinction coefficient ratios, R 1 (520 nm/1020 nm) and R 2 (1020 nm/1550 nm). This method was proposed earlier by Kent et al. [Appl. Opt.36, 8639 (1997)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.36.008639] for the SAGE III-Meteor-3M but was never tested for the tropical region under volcanically perturbed conditions. We call this method the Extinction Color Ratio (ECR) method. The ECR method is applied to the SAGE III/ISS aerosol extinction data to obtain cloud-filtered aerosol extinction coefficients, cloud-top altitude, and seasonal cloud occurrence frequency during the entire study period. Cloud-filtered aerosol extinction coefficient obtained using the ECR method revealed the presence of enhanced aerosols in the UTLS following volcanic eruptions and wildfire events consistent with the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) and space-borne lidar-Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP). The cloud-top altitude obtained from the SAGE III/ISS is within 1 km of the nearly co-located observations from OMPS and CALIOP. In general, the seasonal mean cloud-top altitude from the SAGE III/ISS events peaks during the December, January, and February months, with sunset events showing higher cloud tops than the sunrise events, indicating the seasonal and diurnal variation of the tropical convection. The seasonal altitude distribution of cloud occurrence frequency obtained from the SAGE III/ISS also agrees well with CALIOP observations within 10%. We show that the ECR method is a simple approach that relies on thresholds independent of the sampling period, providing cloud-filtered aerosol extinction coefficients uniformly for climate studies irrespective of the UTLS conditions. However, since the predecessor of SAGE III did not include a 1550 nm channel, the usefulness of this approach is limited to short-term climate studies after 2017.
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Liao X, Rossow WB, Rind D. Comparison between SAGE II and ISCCP high-level clouds: 1. Global and zonal mean cloud amounts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liao X, Rossow WB, Rind D. Comparison between SAGE II and ISCCP high-level clouds: 2. Locating cloud tops. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koffi B, Schulz M, Bréon FM, Griesfeller J, Winker D, Balkanski Y, Bauer S, Berntsen T, Chin M, Collins WD, Dentener F, Diehl T, Easter R, Ghan S, Ginoux P, Gong S, Horowitz LW, Iversen T, Kirkevåg A, Koch D, Krol M, Myhre G, Stier P, Takemura T. Application of the CALIOP layer product to evaluate the vertical distribution of aerosols estimated by global models: AeroCom phase I results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu C, Zipser EJ. Implications of the day versus night differences of water vapor, carbon monoxide, and thin cloud observations near the tropical tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu C. Geographical and seasonal distribution of tropical tropopause thin clouds and their relation to deep convection and water vapor viewed from satellite measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kent GS, Sage KH, Trepte CR, Wang PH. Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III cloud data product. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:1261-78. [PMID: 17318246 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The latest in a series of solar occultation satellite instruments, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III, was placed into orbit in December 2001, and data were obtained until March 2006. Measurements were made of the extinction attributable to aerosols and cloud at a number of wavelengths between 290 and 1550 nm. The analysis of data obtained by its predecessor, SAGE II, has shown that an intercomparison of such data at two or more wavelengths may be used to separate the effects of cloud and aerosol. This analysis has been done on a routine basis for many years using SAGE II data at 525 and 1020 nm and applied extensively to global studies of tropospheric cloud and aerosol. Here we describe the aerosol-cloud separation algorithm developed for use with the SAGE III data, which uses the extinction at 525, 1020, and 1550 nm. This algorithm is now being used to produce vertical profiles of cloud presence as a standard SAGE III data product. These profiles have a vertical resolution of 0.5 km and cover the altitude range from 6.0 to 30.0 km, and data are presently available from March 2002 onward. An outline is given of the development of this algorithm, the nature of the SAGE III data, and the algorithm performance. To maintain continuity with SAGE II cloud data, the relative performances of the SAGE II and SAGE III algorithms are also examined. An example of the application of the algorithm to SAGE III tropospheric data is shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Kent
- Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, Virginia, USA.
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Wang PH, Cunnold DM, Trepte CR, Wang HJ, Jing P, Fishman J, Brackett VG, Zawodney JM, Bodeker GE. Ozone variability in the midlatitude upper troposphere and lower stratosphere diagnosed from a monthly SAGE II climatology relative to the tropopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang PH, Fishman J, Harvey VL, Hitchman MH. Southern tropical upper tropospheric zonal ozone wave-1 from SAGE II observations (1985–2002). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Treffeisen RE, Thomason LW, Ström J, Herber AB, Burton SP, Yamanouchi T. Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II and III aerosol extinction measurements in the Arctic middle and upper troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Wagner T. El Niño induced anomalies in global data sets of total column precipitable water and cloud cover derived from GOME on ERS-2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Massie S. Halogen Occultation Experiment and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations of tropopause cirrus and aerosol during the 1990s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kent GS. Problems in separating aerosol and cloud in the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II data set under conditions of lofted dust: Application to the Asian deserts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Wang HJ, Cunnold DM, Thomason LW, Zawodny JM, Bodeker GE. Assessment of SAGE version 6.1 ozone data quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang J. Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Derek M. Cunnold
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | | | - Greg E. Bodeker
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder Central Otago New Zealand
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Massie S, Gettelman A, Randel W, Baumgardner D. Distribution of tropical cirrus in relation to convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Massie
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - William Randel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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Kahn BH, Eldering A, Irion FW, Mills FP, Sen B, Gunson MR. Cloud identification in atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy infrared occultation measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2002; 41:2768-2780. [PMID: 12027163 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution infrared nongas absorption spectra derived from the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment are analyzed for evidence of the presence of cirrus clouds. Several nonspherical ice extinction models based on realistic size distributions and crystal habits along with a stratospheric sulfate aerosol model are fit to the spectra, and comparisons are made with different model combinations. Nonspherical ice models often fit observed transmission spectra better than a spherical Mie ice model, and some discrimination among nonspherical models is noted. The ATMOS lines of sight for eight occultations are superimposed on coincident geostationary satellite infrared imagery, and brightness temperatures along the lines of sight are compared with retrieved vertical temperature profiles. With these comparisons, studies of two cases of clear sky, three cases of opaque cirrus, and three cases of patchy cirrus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Kahn
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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Bregman B. Chemical ozone loss in the tropopause region on subvisible ice clouds, calculated with a chemistry-transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Omar AH, Gardner CS. Observations by the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE) of high-altitude cirrus clouds over the equator in regions exhibiting extremely cold temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Petzold A, Hoell C, Kärcher B, Beuermann J, Schiller C, Ziereis H, Schlager H. In situ observations of aerosol properties above ice saturation in the polar tropopause region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Massie S, Lowe P, Tie X, Hervig M, Thomas G, Russell J. Effect of the 1997 El Niño on the distribution of upper tropospheric cirrus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kärcher B, Solomon S. On the composition and optical extinction of particles in the tropopause region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Wang PH, Kent GS, Veiga RE, Yue GK, Poole LR, Fishman J, McCormick MP. A model for identifying the aerosol-only mode of SAGE II 1.02-μm extinction coefficient data at altitudes below 6.5 km. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Fowler LD, Randall DA. Simulation of upper tropospheric clouds with the Colorado State University general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Kent GS, Trepte CR, Lucker PL. Long-term Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment I and II measurements of upper tropospheric aerosol extinction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang PH, Cunnold DM, Zawodny JM, Pierce RB, Olson JR, Kent GS, Skeens KM. Seasonal ozone variations in the isentropic layer between 330 and 380 K as observed by SAGE II: Implications of extratropical cross-tropopause transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Kent GS, Trepte CR, Skeens KM, Winker DM. LITE and SAGE II measurements of aerosols in the southern hemisphere upper troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang PH, Rind D, Trepte CR, Kent GS, Yue GK, Skeens KM. An empirical model study of the tropospheric meridional circulation based on SAGE II observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Wylie DP, Wang PH. Comparison of cloud frequency data from the high-resolution infrared radiometer sounder and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kent GS, Wang PH, Skeens KM. Discrimination of cloud and aerosol in the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III occultation data. APPLIED OPTICS 1997; 36:8639-8649. [PMID: 18264415 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.008639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III, scheduled for a first launch in mid-1998, will be making measurements of the extinction that is due to aerosols and gases at many wavelengths between 385 and 1550 nm. In the troposphere and wintertime polar stratosphere, extinction will also occur because of the presence of cloud along the optical path from the Sun to the satellite instrument. We describe a method for separating the effects of aerosol and cloud using the extinction at 525, 1020, and 1550 nm and present the results of simulation studies. These studies show that the new method will work well under background nonvolcanic aerosol conditions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Under conditions of severe volcanic contamination, the error rate for the separation of aerosol and cloud may rise as high as 30%.
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Solomon S, Borrmann S, Garcia RR, Portmann R, Thomason L, Poole LR, Winker D, McCormick MP. Heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the tropopause region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Thomason LW, Poole LR, Deshler T. A global climatology of stratospheric aerosol surface area density deduced from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II measurements: 1984-1994. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Menzies RT, Tratt DM. Airborne lidar observations of tropospheric aerosols during the Global Backscatter Experiment (GLOBE) Pacific circumnavigation missions of 1989 and 1990. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Fussen D, Arijs E, Leclere F, Nevejans D, Bingen C. Tomography of the Earth's atmosphere by the spaceborne occultation radiometer ORA: Spatial inversion algorithm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Wang PH, Minnis P, McCormick MP, Kent GS, Skeens KM. A 6-year climatology of cloud occurrence frequency from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations (1985-1990). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Wang PH, Minnis P, Yue GK. Extinction coefficient (1 μm) properties of high-altitude clouds from solar occultation measurements (1985–1990): Evidence of volcanic aerosol effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Kent GS, Wang PH, McCormick MP, Skeens KM. Multiyear Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II measurements of upper tropospheric aerosol characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Kent GS, McCormick MP, Wang PH. Validation of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments I and II satellite aerosol optical depth measurements using surface radiometer data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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