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Mangan TP, McAdam N, Daly SM, Plane JMC. Kinetic Study of Ni and NiO Reactions Pertinent to the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:601-610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shane M. Daly
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
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Gómez Martín JC, Garraway SA, Plane JMC. Reaction Kinetics of Meteoric Sodium Reservoirs in the Upper Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1330-46. [PMID: 25723735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase reactions of a selection of sodium-containing species with atmospheric constituents, relevant to the chemistry of meteor-ablated Na in the upper atmosphere, were studied in a fast flow tube using multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. For the first time, unambiguous observations of NaO and NaOH in the gas phase under atmospheric conditions have been achieved. This enabled the direct measurement of the rate constants for the reactions of NaO with H2, H2O, and CO, and of NaOH with CO2, which at 300-310 K were found to be (at 2σ confidence level): k(NaO + H2O) = (2.4 ± 0.6) × 10(-10) cm(3) molecule (-1) s(-1), k(NaO + H2) = (4.9 ± 1.2) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule (-1) s(-1), k(NaO + CO) = (9 ± 4) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule (-1) s(-1), and k(NaOH + CO2 + M) = (7.6 ± 1.6) × 10(-29) cm(6) molecule (-2) s(-1) (P = 1-4 Torr). The NaO + H2 reaction was found to make NaOH with a branching ratio ≥ 99%. A combination of quantum chemistry and statistical rate theory calculations are used to interpret the reaction kinetics and extrapolate the atmospherically relevant experimental results to mesospheric temperatures and pressures. The NaO + H2O and NaOH + CO2 reactions act sequentially to provide the major atmospheric sink of meteoric Na and therefore have a significant impact on the underside of the Na layer in the terrestrial mesosphere: the newly determined rate constants shift the modeled peak to about 93 km, i.e., 2 km higher than observed by ground-based lidars. This highlights further uncertainties in the Na chemistry cycle such as the unknown rate constant of the NaOH + H reaction. The fast Na-recycling reaction between NaO and CO and a re-evaluated rate constant of the NaO + CO2 sink should be now considered in chemical models of the Martian Na layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gómez Martín
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, U.K
| | - S A Garraway
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, U.K
| | - J M C Plane
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, U.K
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Slanger TG, Cosby PC, Huestis DL, Saiz-Lopez A, Murray BJ, O'Sullivan DA, Plane JMC, Allende Prieto C, Martin-Torres FJ, Jenniskens P. Variability of the mesospheric nightglow sodium D2/D1ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee EPF, Wright TG. Structures and Vibrational Frequencies of NaO3 and NaO3+: The Ionization Energy of NaO3. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0490655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmond P. F. Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK, SO17 1BJ, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK, BN1 9QJ
| | - Timothy G. Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK, SO17 1BJ, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, and Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK, BN1 9QJ
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Affiliation(s)
- John M C Plane
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Self DE, M. C. Plane J. Absolute photolysis cross-sections for NaHCO3 , NaOH, NaO, NaO2and NaO3 : implications for sodium chemistry in the upper mesosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b107078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cox RM, Self DE, Plane JMC. A study of the reaction between NaHCO3and H: Apparent closure on the chemistry of mesospheric Na. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Griffin J, Worsnop DR, Brown RC, Kolb CE, Herschbach DR. Chemical Kinetics of the NaO (A 2Σ+) + O(3P) Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002641m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
| | - R. C. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
| | - C. E. Kolb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
| | - D. R. Herschbach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, and Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
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Eska V, von Zahn U, Plane JMC. The terrestrial potassium layer (75-110 km) between 71°S and 54°N: Observations and modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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States RJ, Gardner CS. Structure of the mesospheric Na layer at 40°N latitude: Seasonal and diurnal variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Joo S, Worsnop DR, Kolb CE, Kim SK, Herschbach DR. Observation of the A2Σ+ ← X2Π Electronic Transition of NaO. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp990741q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Joo
- Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - D. R. Worsnop
- Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - C. E. Kolb
- Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - S. K. Kim
- Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - D. R. Herschbach
- Center for Cloud and Aerosol Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Plane JMC, Gardner CS, Yu J, She CY, Garcia RR, Pumphrey HC. Mesospheric Na layer at 40°N: Modeling and observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Eska V, Höffner J, von Zahn U. Upper atmosphere potassium layer and its seasonal variations at 54°N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Helmer M, Plane JMC, Qian J, Gardner CS. A model of meteoric iron in the upper atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Plane JMC, Cox RM, Qian J, Pfenninger WM, Papen GC, Gardner CS, Espy PJ. Mesospheric Na layer at extreme high latitudes in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cox RM, Plane JMC. An ion-molecule mechanism for the formation of neutral sporadic Na layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alcamí M, Cooper IL, Mó O, Yáñez M. Potential energy surfaces of C2v and D3h ozone complexes with Li+. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Clemesha BR, Simonich DM, Takahashi H, Melo SML, Plane JMC. Experimental evidence for photochemical control of the atmospheric sodium layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McNeil WJ, Murad E, Lai ST. Comprehensive model for the atmospheric sodium layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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