1
|
Stratospheric ozone loss over the Eurasian continent induced by the polar vortex shift. Nat Commun 2018; 9:206. [PMID: 29335470 PMCID: PMC5768802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Montreal Protocol has succeeded in limiting major ozone-depleting substance emissions, and consequently stratospheric ozone concentrations are expected to recover this century. However, there is a large uncertainty in the rate of regional ozone recovery in the Northern Hemisphere. Here we identify a Eurasia-North America dipole mode in the total column ozone over the Northern Hemisphere, showing negative and positive total column ozone anomaly centres over Eurasia and North America, respectively. The positive trend of this mode explains an enhanced total column ozone decline over the Eurasian continent in the past three decades, which is closely related to the polar vortex shift towards Eurasia. Multiple chemistry-climate-model simulations indicate that the positive Eurasia-North America dipole trend in late winter is likely to continue in the near future. Our findings suggest that the anticipated ozone recovery in late winter will be sensitive not only to the ozone-depleting substance decline but also to the polar vortex changes, and could be substantially delayed in some regions of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Climate change can exert a significant effect on the ozone recovery. Here, the authors show that the Arctic polar vortex shift associated with Arctic sea-ice loss could slow down ozone recovery over the Eurasian continent.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim MH, Omar AH, Tackett JL, Vaughan MA, Winker DM, Trepte CR, Hu Y, Liu Z, Poole LR, Pitts MC, Kar J, Magill BE. The CALIPSO Version 4 Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar Ratio Selection Algorithm. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2018; 11:6107-6135. [PMID: 31921372 PMCID: PMC6951257 DOI: 10.5194/amt-11-6107-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) version 4.10 (V4) level 2 aerosol data products, released in November 2016, include substantial improvements to the aerosol subtyping and lidar ratio selection algorithms. These improvements are described along with resulting changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD). The most fundamental change in V4 level 2 aerosol products is a new algorithm to identify aerosol subtypes in the stratosphere. Four aerosol subtypes are introduced for the stratospheric aerosols: polar stratospheric aerosol (PSA), volcanic ash, sulfate/other, and smoke. The tropospheric aerosol subtyping algorithm was also improved by adding the following enhancements: (1) all aerosol subtypes are now allowed over polar regions, whereas the version 3 (V3) algorithm allowed only clean continental and polluted continental aerosols; (2) a new "dusty marine" aerosol subtype is introduced, representing mixtures of dust and marine aerosols near the ocean surface; and (3) the "polluted continental" and "smoke" subtypes have been renamed "polluted continental/smoke" and "elevated smoke", respectively. V4 also revises the lidar ratios for clean marine, dust, clean continental, and elevated smoke subtypes. As a consequence of the V4 updates, the mean 532 nm AOD retrieved by CALIOP has increased by 0.044 (0.036) or 52 % (40 %) for nighttime (daytime). Lidar ratio revisions are the most influential factor for AOD changes from V3 to V4, especially for cloud-free skies. Preliminary validation studies show that the AOD discrepancies between CALIOP and AERONET/MODIS (ocean) are reduced in V4 compared to V3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hae Kim
- NASA Postdoctoral Program (USRA), Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Ali H. Omar
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaoyan Liu
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Jayanta Kar
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim MH, Omar AH, Tackett JL, Vaughan MA, Winker DM, Trepte CR, Hu Y, Liu Z, Poole LR, Pitts MC, Kar J, Magill BE. The CALIPSO Version 4 Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar Ratio Selection Algorithm. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2018; 11:6107-6135. [PMID: 31921372 DOI: 10.1175/2009jtecha1231.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) version 4.10 (V4) level 2 aerosol data products, released in November 2016, include substantial improvements to the aerosol subtyping and lidar ratio selection algorithms. These improvements are described along with resulting changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD). The most fundamental change in V4 level 2 aerosol products is a new algorithm to identify aerosol subtypes in the stratosphere. Four aerosol subtypes are introduced for the stratospheric aerosols: polar stratospheric aerosol (PSA), volcanic ash, sulfate/other, and smoke. The tropospheric aerosol subtyping algorithm was also improved by adding the following enhancements: (1) all aerosol subtypes are now allowed over polar regions, whereas the version 3 (V3) algorithm allowed only clean continental and polluted continental aerosols; (2) a new "dusty marine" aerosol subtype is introduced, representing mixtures of dust and marine aerosols near the ocean surface; and (3) the "polluted continental" and "smoke" subtypes have been renamed "polluted continental/smoke" and "elevated smoke", respectively. V4 also revises the lidar ratios for clean marine, dust, clean continental, and elevated smoke subtypes. As a consequence of the V4 updates, the mean 532 nm AOD retrieved by CALIOP has increased by 0.044 (0.036) or 52 % (40 %) for nighttime (daytime). Lidar ratio revisions are the most influential factor for AOD changes from V3 to V4, especially for cloud-free skies. Preliminary validation studies show that the AOD discrepancies between CALIOP and AERONET/MODIS (ocean) are reduced in V4 compared to V3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hae Kim
- NASA Postdoctoral Program (USRA), Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Ali H Omar
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaoyan Liu
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Lamont R Poole
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Jayanta Kar
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Brian E Magill
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Terao Y, Sugita T, Sasano Y. Ozone loss rates in the Arctic winter stratosphere during 1994-2000 derived from POAM II/III and ILAS observations: Implications for relationships among ozone loss, PSC occurrence, and temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Manney GL, Santee ML, Rex M, Livesey NJ, Pitts MC, Veefkind P, Nash ER, Wohltmann I, Lehmann R, Froidevaux L, Poole LR, Schoeberl MR, Haffner DP, Davies J, Dorokhov V, Gernandt H, Johnson B, Kivi R, Kyrö E, Larsen N, Levelt PF, Makshtas A, McElroy CT, Nakajima H, Parrondo MC, Tarasick DW, von der Gathen P, Walker KA, Zinoviev NS. Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011. Nature 2011; 478:469-75. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Noel V, Hertzog A, Chepfer H, Winker DM. Polar stratospheric clouds over Antarctica from the CALIPSO spaceborne lidar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Massoli P, Maturilli M, Neuber R. Climatology of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds as measured by lidar in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen (79°N, 12°E). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Ricaud P. Polar vortex evolution during the 2002 Antarctic major warming as observed by the Odin satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
10
|
Weisenstein DK. Separating chemistry and transport effects in two-dimensional models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Santee ML. Three-dimensional structure and evolution of stratospheric HNO3based on UARS Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Adriani A. Climatology of polar stratospheric clouds based on lidar observations from 1993 to 2001 over McMurdo Station, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Deshler T. Thirty years of in situ stratospheric aerosol size distribution measurements from Laramie, Wyoming (41°N), using balloon-borne instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Santee ML. Variations and climatology of ClO in the polar lower stratosphere from UARS Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Fromm M. A unified, long-term, high-latitude stratospheric aerosol and cloud database using SAM II, SAGE II, and POAM II/III data: Algorithm description, database definition, and climatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Bevilacqua RM. Observations and analysis of polar stratospheric clouds detected by POAM III during the 1999/2000 Northern Hemisphere winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
17
|
di Sarra A. Lidar observations of polar stratospheric clouds over northern Greenland in the period 1990–1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Newman PA, Nash ER, Rosenfield JE. What controls the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere during the spring? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Newman PA, Fahey DW, Brune WH, Kurylo MJ, Kawa SR. Preface [to special section on Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Rummukainen M, Isaksen ISA, Rognerud B, Stordal F. A global model tool for three-dimensional multiyear stratospheric chemistry simulations: Model description and first results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
21
|
Stefanutti L, MacKenzie AR, Balestri S, Khattatov V, Fiocco G, Kyrö E, Peter T. Airborne Polar Experiment-Polar Ozone, Leewaves, Chemistry, and Transport (APE-POLECAT): Rationale, road map and summary of measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Fromm MD, Bevilacqua RM, Hornstein J, Shettle E, Hoppel K, Lumpe JD. An analysis of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II Arctic polar stratospheric cloud observations, 1993-1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Santee ML, Manney GL, Froidevaux L, Read WG, Waters JW. Six years of UARS Microwave Limb Sounder HNO3observations: Seasonal, interhemispheric, and interannual variations in the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Harvey VL, Hitchman MH, Pierce RB, Fairlie TD. Tropical aerosol in the Aleutian High. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd200094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Pawson S, Krüger K, Swinbank R, Bailey M, O'Neill A. Intercomparison of two stratospheric analyses: Temperatures relevant to polar stratospheric cloud formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
Callis LB, Natarajan M, Lambeth JD, Baker DN. Solar atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE): 2. Calculated stratospheric effects of precipitating electrons, 1979-1988. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Grewe V, Dameris M, Sausen R, Steil B. Impact of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry on northern hemisphere midlatitude ozone loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Santee ML, Tabazadeh A, Manney GL, Salawitch RJ, Froidevaux L, Read WG, Waters JW. UARS Microwave Limb Sounder HNO3observations: Implications for Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
29
|
Wagenbach D, Legrand M, Fischer H, Pichlmayer F, Wolff EW. Atmospheric near-surface nitrate at coastal Antarctic sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Walden VP, Warren SG, Murcray FJ. Measurements of the downward longwave radiation spectrum over the Antarctic Plateau and comparisons with a line-by-line radiative transfer model for clear skies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
Rosen JM, Kjome NT, Larsen N, Knudsen BM, Kyrö E, Kivi R, Karhu J, Neuber R, Beninga I. Polar stratospheric cloud threshold temperatures in the 1995-1996 arctic vortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Fromm MD, Lumpe JD, Bevilacqua RM, Shettle EP, Hornstein J, Massie ST, Fricke KH. Observations of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds by POAM II: 1994-1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Liquid and solid particles in polar stratospheric clouds are of central importance for the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Surface-catalyzed reactions on these particles, and diffusion-controlled processes in the bulk of the particles, convert halogens, which derive from compounds of mainly anthropogenic origin, from relatively inert reservoir species into forms that efficiently destroy ozone. The microphysics of these particles under cold stratospheric conditions is still uncertain in many respects, in particular concerning phase transitions such as freezing nucleation and deposition nucleation. Furthermore, there are indications that the rates of key heterogeneous reactions have not yet been established with sufficient accuracy to enable a reliable diagnosis of observed ozone losses by means of global models. The present paper reviews the current (late 1996) knowledge of the physico-chemistry of polar stratospheric clouds and evaluates the remaining uncertainties with respect to their ozone depletion potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Peter
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mickley LJ, Abbatt JPD, Frederick JE, Russell JM. Evolution of chlorine and nitrogen species in the lower stratosphere during Antarctic spring: Use of tracers to determine chemical change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Solomon S, Borrmann S, Garcia RR, Portmann R, Thomason L, Poole LR, Winker D, McCormick MP. Heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the tropopause region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Mergenthaler JL, Kumer JB, Roche AE, Massie ST. Distribution of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds as seen by the CLAES experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Lu J, Mohnen VA, Yue GK, Jäger H. Intercomparison of multiplatform stratospheric aerosol and ozone observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
Bregman A, van den Broek M, Carslaw KS, Müller R, Peter T, Scheele MP, Lelieveld J. Ozone depletion in the late winter lower Arctic stratosphere: Observations and model results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Thomason LW, Poole LR, Deshler T. A global climatology of stratospheric aerosol surface area density deduced from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II measurements: 1984-1994. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Zerefos CS, Tourpali K, Bojkov BR, Balis DS, Rognerund B, Isaksen ISA. Solar activity-total column ozone relationships: Observations and model studies with heterogeneous chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
41
|
Shindell DT, de Zafra RL. Limits on heterogeneous processing in the Antarctic spring vortex from a comparison of measured and modeled chlorine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
Brogniez C, Lenoble J, Ramananahérisoa R, Fricke KH, Shettle EP, Hoppel KW, Bevilacqua RM, Hornstein JS, Lumpe J, Fromm MD, Krigman SS. Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Midlatitude Experiment campaign: Correlative measurements of aerosol in the northern polar atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
43
|
Santee ML, Froidevaux L, Manney GL, Read WG, Waters JW, Chipperfield MP, Roche AE, Kumer JB, Mergenthaler JL, Russell JM. Chlorine deactivation in the lower stratospheric polar regions during late winter: Results from UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
44
|
De Rudder A, Larsen N, Tie X, Brassuer GP, Granier C. Model study of polar stratospheric clouds and their effect on stratospheric ozone: 1. Model description. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
45
|
Lambert A, Grainger RG, Remedios JJ, Reburn WJ, Rodgers CD, Taylor FW, Roche AE, Kumer JB, Massie ST, Deshler T. Validation of aerosol measurements from the improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
46
|
Ravishankara AR, Hanson DR. Differences in the reactivity of type I polar stratospheric clouds depending on their phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
Pawson S, Naujokat B, Labitzke K. On the polar stratospheric cloud formation potential of the northern stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
48
|
Wang PH, Minnis P, Yue GK. Extinction coefficient (1 μm) properties of high-altitude clouds from solar occultation measurements (1985–1990): Evidence of volcanic aerosol effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|