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Xue J, Yuan Z, Griffith SM, Yu X, Lau AKH, Yu JZ. Sulfate Formation Enhanced by a Cocktail of High NOx, SO2, Particulate Matter, and Droplet pH during Haze-Fog Events in Megacities in China: An Observation-Based Modeling Investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:7325-34. [PMID: 27331615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years in a few Chinese megacities, fog events lasting one to a few days have been frequently associated with high levels of aerosol loading characterized by high sulfate (as high as 30 μg m(-3)), therefore termed as haze-fog events. The concomitant pollution characteristics include high gas-phase mixing ratios of SO2 (up to 71 ppbv) and NO2 (up to 69 ppbv), high aqueous phase pH (5-6), and smaller fog droplets (as low as 2 μm), resulting from intense emissions from fossil fuel combustion and construction activities supplying abundant Ca(2+). In this work, we use an observation-based model for secondary inorganic aerosols (OBM-SIA) to simulate sulfate formation pathways under conditions of haze-fog events encountered in Chinese megacities. The OBM analysis has identified, at a typical haze-fogwater pH of 5.6, the most important pathway to be oxidation of S(IV) by dissolved NO2, followed by the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on the aerosol surface. The aqueous phase oxidation of S(IV) by H2O2 is a very minor formation pathway as a result of the high NOx conditions suppressing H2O2 formation. The model results indicate that the unique cocktail of high fogwater pH, high concentrations of NO2, SO2, and PM, and small fog droplets are capable of greatly enhancing sulfate formation. Such haze-fog conditions could lead to rapid sulfate production at night and subsequently high PM2.5 in the morning when the fog evaporates. Sulfate formation is simulated to be highly sensitive to fogwater pH, PM, and precursor gases NO2 and SO2. Such insights on major contributing factors imply that reduction of road dust and NOx emissions could lessen PM2.5 loadings in Chinese megacities during fog events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zibing Yuan
- Atmospheric Research Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Graduate School , Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Atmospheric Research Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Graduate School , Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Atmospheric Research Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Graduate School , Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511458, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Liu FY, Long ZW, Tan XF, Long B. Theoretical investigation on mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions of Cl atom with CH3OOH and CH3CH2OOH. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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St Clair JM, McCabe DC, Crounse JD, Steiner U, Wennberg PO. Chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometer for the in situ measurement of methyl hydrogen peroxide. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:094102. [PMID: 20886995 DOI: 10.1063/1.3480552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for measuring gas-phase methyl hydrogen peroxide [(MHP) CH(3)OOH] utilizing chemical ionization mass spectrometry is presented. Tandem mass spectrometry is used to avoid mass interferences that hindered previous attempts to measure atmospheric CH(3)OOH with CF(3)O(-) clustering chemistry. CH(3)OOH has been successfully measured in situ using this technique during both airborne and ground-based campaigns. The accuracy and precision for the MHP measurement are a function of water vapor mixing ratio. Typical precision at 500 pptv MHP and 100 ppmv H(2)O is ±80 pptv (2 sigma) for a 1 s integration period. The accuracy at 100 ppmv H(2)O is estimated to be better than ±40%. Chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry shows considerable promise for the determination of in situ atmospheric trace gas mixing ratios where isobaric compounds or mass interferences impede accurate measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M St Clair
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Kim YM, Lee M, Chang W, Lee G, Kim KR, Kato S. Atmospheric peroxides over the North Pacific during IOC 2002 shipboard experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 69:1638-46. [PMID: 17662342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide and methyl hydroperoxide were determined onboard the Melville over the North Pacific from Osaka to Honolulu during May-June 2002. The concentrations of H(2)O(2) and CH(3)OOH increased from 0.64+/-0.57 ppbv and 0.27+/-0.59 ppbv in subpolar region (30-50 degrees N) to 1.96+/-0.95 ppbv and 1.56+/-1.3 ppbv in subtropical region (24-30 degrees N). The increase in concentrations towards the Equator was more pronounced for CH(3)OOH than H(2)O(2). In contrast, the levels of O(3) and CO were decreased at lower latitudes as air mass was more aged, denoted by the ratios of C(2)H(2)/CO and C(3)H(8)/C(2)H(6). CH(3)OOH concentrations showed a clear diurnal variation with a maximum around noon and minimum before sunrise. Frequently, the concentrations of peroxides remained over 1 ppbv in the dark and even gradually increased after sunset. In addition, the ratios of C(2)H(4)/C(2)H(6) and C(3)H(6)/C(3)H(8) were increased in aged subtropical air, which implies that these alkenes were emitted from the ocean surface. As a result, the reaction of these biogenic alkenes with O(3) was suggested to be a potential source for peroxides in aged marine air at lower latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, South Korea
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Barth MC, Kim S, Skamarock WC, Stuart AL, Pickering KE, Ott LE. Simulations of the redistribution of formaldehyde, formic acid, and peroxides in the 10 July 1996 Stratospheric‐Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone deep convection storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Barth
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S.‐W. Kim
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
- Now at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth Systems Research Laboratory and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - W. C. Skamarock
- National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. L. Stuart
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - K. E. Pickering
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
- Now at Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - L. E. Ott
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
- Now at Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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Liang Q, Jaeglé L, Hudman RC, Turquety S, Jacob DJ, Avery MA, Browell EV, Sachse GW, Blake DR, Brune W, Ren X, Cohen RC, Dibb JE, Fried A, Fuelberg H, Porter M, Heikes BG, Huey G, Singh HB, Wennberg PO. Summertime influence of Asian pollution in the free troposphere over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Snow JA, Heikes BG, Shen H, O'Sullivan DW, Fried A, Walega J. Hydrogen peroxide, methyl hydroperoxide, and formaldehyde over North America and the North Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Straub DJ, Lee T, Collett JL. Chemical composition of marine stratocumulus clouds over the eastern Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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O'Sullivan DW, Tyree M. The kinetics of complex formation between Ti(IV) and hydrogen peroxide. INT J CHEM KINET 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Olson JR. Testing fast photochemical theory during TRACE-P based on measurements of OH, HO2, and CH2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Sullivan DW. Long-term and seasonal variations in the levels of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and selected compounds over the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Reeves
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Snow JA. Winter-spring evolution and variability of HOxreservoir species, hydrogen peroxide, and methyl hydroperoxide, in the northern middle to high latitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kim CH. Modeling cloud effects on hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide in the marine atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maloney JC, Fuelberg HE, Avery MA, Crawford JH, Blake DR, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Sandholm ST, Singh H, Talbot RW. Chemical characteristics of air from different source regions during the second Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Tropics (PEM-Tropics B). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Davis D, Grodzinsky G, Chen G, Crawford J, Eisele F, Mauldin L, Tanner D, Cantrell C, Brune W, Tan D, Faloona I, Ridley B, Montzka D, Walega J, Grahek F, Sandholm S, Sachse G, Vay S, Anderson B, Avery M, Heikes B, Snow J, O'Sullivan D, Shetter R, Lefer B, Blake D, Blake N, Carroll M, Wang Y. Marine latitude/altitude OH distributions: Comparison of Pacific Ocean observations with models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Singh H, Chen Y, Tabazadeh A, Fukui Y, Bey I, Yantosca R, Jacob D, Arnold F, Wohlfrom K, Atlas E, Flocke F, Blake D, Blake N, Heikes B, Snow J, Talbot R, Gregory G, Sachse G, Vay S, Kondo Y. Distribution and fate of selected oxygenated organic species in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barth MC, Rasch PJ, Kiehl JT, Benkovitz CM, Schwartz SE. Sulfur chemistry in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: Description, evaluation, features, and sensitivity to aqueous chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hauglustaine DA, Madronich S, Ridley BA, Flocke SJ, Cantrell CA, Eisele FL, Shetter RE, Tanner DJ, Ginoux P, Atlas EL. Photochemistry and budget of ozone during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment (MLOPEX 2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Board AS, Fuelberg HE, Gregory GL, Heikes BG, Schultz MG, Blake DR, Dibb JE, Sandholm ST, Talbot RW. Chemical characteristics of air from differing source regions during the Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A (PEM-Tropics A). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crawford J, Davis D, Olson J, Chen G, Liu S, Gregory G, Barrick J, Sachse G, Sandholm S, Heikes B, Singh H, Blake D. Assessment of upper tropospheric HOxsources over the tropical Pacific based on NASA GTE/PEM data: Net effect on HOxand other photochemical parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Sullivan DW, Heikes BG, Lee M, Chang W, Gregory GL, Blake DR, Sachse GW. Distribution of hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide over the Pacific and South Atlantic Oceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cohan DS, Schultz MG, Jacob DJ, Heikes BG, Blake DR. Convective injection and photochemical decay of peroxides in the tropical upper troposphere: Methyl iodide as a tracer of marine convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hauglustaine DA, Brasseur GP, Walters S, Rasch PJ, Müller JF, Emmons LK, Carroll MA. MOZART, a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers: 2. Model results and evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee M, Heikes BG, Jacob DJ. Enhancements of hydroperoxides and formaldehyde in biomass burning impacted air and their effect on atmospheric oxidant cycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Duderstadt KA, Carroll MA, Sillman S, Wang T, Albercook GM, Feng L, Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Fehsenfeld FC, Blake DR, Blake NJ, Forbes G. Photochemical production and loss rates of ozone at Sable Island, Nova Scotia during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) 1993 summer intensive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gregory GL, Merrill JT, Shipham MC, Blake DR, Sachse GW, Singh HB. Chemical characteristics of tropospheric air over the Pacific Ocean as measured during PEM-West B: Relationship to Asian outflow and trajectory history. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ridley BA, Atlas EL, Walega JG, Kok GL, Staffelbach TA, Greenberg JP, Grahek FE, Hess PG, Montzka DD. Aircraft measurements made during the spring maximum of ozone over Hawaii: Peroxides, CO, O3, NOy, condensation nuclei, selected hydrocarbons, halocarbons, and alkyl nitrates between 0.5 and 9 km altitude. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Folkins I, Chatfield R, Baumgardner D, Proffitt M. Biomass burning and deep convection in southeastern Asia: Results from ASHOE/MAESA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee M, Heikes BG, Jacob DJ, Sachse G, Anderson B. Hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, and formaldehyde as primary pollutants from biomass burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pickering KE, Thompson AM, Wang Y, Tao WK, McNamara DP, Kirchhoff VWJH, Heikes BG, Sachse GW, Bradshaw JD, Gregory GL, Blake DR. Convective transport of biomass burning emissions over Brazil during TRACE A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heikes B, Lee M, Jacob D, Talbot R, Bradshaw J, Singh H, Blake D, Anderson B, Fuelberg H, Thompson AM. Ozone, hydroperoxides, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrocarbon budgets in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Talbot RW, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Smyth S, Blake DR, Blake NR, Sachse GW, Collins JE, Heikes BG, Anderson BE, Gregory GL, Singh HB, Lefer BL, Bachmeier AS. Chemical characteristics of continental outflow over the tropical South Atlantic Ocean from Brazil and Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Atlas E, Ridley B, Walega J, Greenberg J, Kok G, Staffelbach T, Schauffler S, Lind J, Hübler G, Norton R, Dlugokencky E, Elkins J, Oltmans S, Mackay G, Karecki D. A comparison of aircraft and ground-based measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, during GTE PEM-West and MLOPEX 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Newell RE, Wu ZX, Zhu Y, Hu W, Browell EV, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Collins JE, Kelly KK, Liu SC. Vertical fine-scale atmospheric structure measured from NASA DC-8 during PEM-West A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gregory GL, Bachmeier AS, Blake DR, Heikes BG, Thornton DC, Bandy AR, Bradshaw JD, Kondo Y. Chemical signatures of aged Pacific marine air: Mixed layer and free troposphere as measured during PEM-West A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Browell EV, Fenn MA, Butler CF, Grant WB, Merrill JT, Newell RE, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST, Anderson BE, Bandy AR, Bachmeier AS, Blake DR, Davis DD, Gregory GL, Heikes BG, Kondo Y, Liu SC, Rowland FS, Sachse GW, Singh HB, Talbot RW, Thornton DC. Large-scale air mass characteristics observed over western Pacific during summertime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crawford J, Davis D, Chen G, Bradshaw J, Sandholm S, Gregory G, Sachse G, Anderson B, Collins J, Blake D, Singh H, Heikes B, Talbot R, Rodriguez J. Photostationary state analysis of the NO2-NO system based on airborne observations from the western and central North Pacific. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newell RE, Hu W, Wu ZX, Zhu Y, Akimoto H, Anderson BE, Browell EV, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Shipham MC, Bachmeier AS, Bandy AR, Thornton DC, Blake DR, Rowland FS, Bradshaw JD, Crawford JH, Davis DD, Sandholm ST, Brockett W, DeGreef L, Lewis D, McCormick D, Monitz E, Collins JE, Heikes BG, Merrill JT, Kelly KK, Liu SC, Kondo Y, Koike M, Liu CM, Sakamaki F, Singh HB, Dibb JE, Talbot RW. Atmospheric sampling of Supertyphoon Mireille with NASA DC-8 aircraft on September 27,1991, during PEM-West A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Davis DD, Crawford J, Chen G, Chameides W, Liu S, Bradshaw J, Sandholm S, Sachse G, Gregory G, Anderson B, Barrick J, Bachmeier A, Collins J, Browell E, Blake D, Rowland S, Kondo Y, Singh H, Talbot R, Heikes B, Merrill J, Rodriguez J, Newell RE. Assessment of ozone photochemistry in the western North Pacific as inferred from PEM-West A observations during the fall 1991. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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