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Burkholder JB, Cox RA, Ravishankara AR. Atmospheric degradation of ozone depleting substances, their substitutes, and related species. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3704-59. [PMID: 25893463 DOI: 10.1021/cr5006759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James B Burkholder
- †Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - R A Cox
- ‡Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EP, United Kingdom
| | - A R Ravishankara
- §Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Seisel S, Flückiger B, Rossi MJ. The heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with HBr on Ice comparison with N2O5+HCl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19981020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seisel S, Rossi MJ. The heterogeneous reaction of HONO and HBr on ice and on sulfuric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pratte P, Rossi MJ. The heterogeneous kinetics of HOBr and HOCl on acidified sea salt and model aerosol at 40–90% relative humidity and ambient temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3988-4001. [PMID: 17028689 DOI: 10.1039/b604321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The HOBr and HOCl uptake coefficient gamma on H(2)SO(4)-acidified submicron salt aerosol of known size distribution was measured in an atmospheric pressure laminar flow reactor. The interaction time of the trace gas with the aerosol was in the range 15 to 90 s and led to gamma values in the range 10(-4) to 10(-2). The acidity of the aerosol is essential in order to enable heterogeneous reactions of HOBr on NaCl, recrystallized sea salt (RSS) and natural sea salt (NSS) aerosols. Specifically, HOCl only reacts on acidified NSS aerosol with a gamma ranging from 0.4 x 10(-3) to 1.8 x 10(-3) at a relative humidity (rh) at 40 and 85%, respectively. Uptake experiments of HOBr on aqueous H(2)SO(4) as well as on H(2)SO(4)-acidified NaCl, RSS or NSS aerosol were performed for rh ranging from 40 to 93%. The gamma value of HOBr on acidified NSS reaches a maximum gamma = 1.9 x 10(-2) at rh = 76 +/- 1% and significantly decreases with increasing rh in contrast to acidified NaCl and RSS aerosols whose gamma values remain high at gamma = (1.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(-2) at rh >/= 80%. An explanation based on the formation of an organic coating on NSS aerosol with increasing rh is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Pratte
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol, Bât CH H5, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
While the role of reactive halogen species (e.g. Cl, Br) in the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer is well known, their role in the troposphere was investigated only since their destructive effect on boundary layer ozone after polar sunrise became obvious. During these 'Polar Tropospheric Ozone Hole' events O(3) is completely destroyed in the lowest approximately 1000 m of the atmosphere on areas of several million square kilometres. Up to now it was assumed that these events were confined to the polar regions during springtime. However, during the last few years significant amounts of BrO and Cl-atoms were also found outside the Arctic and Antarctic boundary layer. Recently even higher BrO mixing ratios (up to 176 ppt) were detected by optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in the Dead Sea basin during summer. In addition, evidence is accumulating that BrO (at levels around 1-2 ppt) is also occurring in the free troposphere at all latitudes. In contrast to the stratosphere, where halogens are released from species, which are very long lived in the troposphere, likely sources of boundary layer Br and Cl are autocatalytic oxidation of sea salt halides (the 'Bromine Explosion'), while precursors of free tropospheric BrO and coastal IO probably are short-lived organo-halogen species. At the levels suggested by the available measurements reactive halogen species have a profound effect on tropospheric chemistry: In the polar boundary layer during 'halogen events' ozone is usually completely lost within hours or days. In the free troposphere the effective O(3)-losses due to halogens could be comparable to the known photochemical O(3) destruction. Further interesting consequences include the increase of OH levels and (at low NO(X)) the decrease of the HO(2)/OH ratio in the free troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Platt
- Institut für Umweltphysik, University of Heidelberg, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Hanson DR. Reactivity of BrONO2and HOBr on sulfuric acid solutions at low temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Drdla K, Schoeberl MR. Microphysical modeling of the 1999-2000 Arctic winter 2. Chlorine activation and ozone depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Drdla
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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Huff AK, Abbatt JPD. Kinetics and Product Yields in the Heterogeneous Reactions of HOBr with Ice Surfaces Containing NaBr and NaCl. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014296m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Kleffmann J, Becker KH, Bröske R, Rothe D, Wiesen P. Solubility of HBr in H2SO4/H2O and HNO3/H2SO4/H2O Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000815u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kleffmann
- Bergische Universität-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 9D-42097, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karl H. Becker
- Bergische Universität-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 9D-42097, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rolf Bröske
- Bergische Universität-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 9D-42097, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Rothe
- Bergische Universität-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 9D-42097, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Wiesen
- Bergische Universität-Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Physikalische Chemie, Fachbereich 9D-42097, Wuppertal, Germany
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Morris JR, Behr P, Antman MD, Ringeisen BR, Splan J, Nathanson GM. Molecular Beam Scattering from Supercooled Sulfuric Acid: Collisions of HCl, HBr, and HNO3 with 70 wt D2SO4. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp000105o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Peter Behr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Melissa D. Antman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Bradley R. Ringeisen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jennifer Splan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gilbert M. Nathanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Webster CR, Michelsen HA, Gunson MR, Margitan JJ, Russell JM, Toon GC, Traub WA. Response of lower stratospheric HCl/Clyto volcanic aerosol: Observations from aircraft, balloon, space shuttle, and satellite instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Michelsen HA, Webster CR, Manney GL, Scott DC, Margitan JJ, May RD, Irion FW, Gunson MR, Russell JM, Spivakovsky CM. Maintenance of high HCl/Clyand NOx/NOy, in the Antarctic vortex: A chemical signature of confinement during spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chu
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, State University of New York at Albany and Wadsworth Center, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Liang T. Chu
- Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, State University of New York at Albany and Wadsworth Center, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509
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Hendricks J, Lippert E, Petry H, Ebel A. Heterogeneous reactions on and in sulfate aerosols: Implications for the chemistry of the midlatitude tropopause region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Robinson GN, Worsnop DR, Jayne JT, Kolb CE, Swartz E, Davidovits P. Heterogeneous uptake of HCl by sulfuric acid solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Horn AB, Sodeau JR, Roddis TB, Williams NA. Mechanism of the Heterogeneous Reaction of Hydrogen Chloride with Chlorine Nitrate and Hypochlorous Acid on Water Ice. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp973083n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO1 5DD, U.K
| | - John R. Sodeau
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Tristan B. Roddis
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Neil A. Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Mochida M, Akimoto H, van den Bergh H, Rossi MJ. Heterogeneous Kinetics of the Uptake of HOBr on Solid Alkali Metal Halides at Ambient Temperature. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980849q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mochida
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153, Japan, and Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H. Akimoto
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153, Japan, and Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H. van den Bergh
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153, Japan, and Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. J. Rossi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153, Japan, and Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abbatt JPD, Waschewsky GCG. Heterogeneous Interactions of HOBr, HNO3, O3, and NO2 with Deliquescent NaCl Aerosols at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. D. Abbatt
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - G. C. G. Waschewsky
- Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Abstract
Liquid and solid particles in polar stratospheric clouds are of central importance for the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Surface-catalyzed reactions on these particles, and diffusion-controlled processes in the bulk of the particles, convert halogens, which derive from compounds of mainly anthropogenic origin, from relatively inert reservoir species into forms that efficiently destroy ozone. The microphysics of these particles under cold stratospheric conditions is still uncertain in many respects, in particular concerning phase transitions such as freezing nucleation and deposition nucleation. Furthermore, there are indications that the rates of key heterogeneous reactions have not yet been established with sufficient accuracy to enable a reliable diagnosis of observed ozone losses by means of global models. The present paper reviews the current (late 1996) knowledge of the physico-chemistry of polar stratospheric clouds and evaluates the remaining uncertainties with respect to their ozone depletion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peter
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany
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Zhang R, Leu MT. Heterogeneous interaction of peroxyacetyl nitrate with liquid sulfuric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Molina MJ, Molina LT, Kolb CE. GAS-PHASE AND HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL KINETICS OF THE TROPOSPHERE AND STRATOSPHERE. Annu Rev Phys Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.47.1.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Charles E. Kolb
- Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976
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Hanson DR, Ravishankara AR, Lovejoy ER. Reaction of BrONO2with H2O on submicron sulfuric acid aerosol and the implications for the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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