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Jackson RL, Gabric AJ, Cropp R. Coral reefs as a source of climate-active aerosols. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10023. [PMID: 33062438 PMCID: PMC7531332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the evidence for bio-regulation by coral reefs of local climate through stress-induced emissions of aerosol precursors, such as dimethylsulfide. This is an issue that goes to the core of the coral ecosystem’s ability to maintain homeostasis in the face of increasing climate change impacts and other anthropogenic pressures. We examine this through an analysis of data on aerosol emissions by corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We focus on the relationship with local stressors, such as surface irradiance levels and sea surface temperature, both before and after notable coral bleaching events. We conclude that coral reefs may be able to regulate their exposure to environmental stressors through modification of the optical properties of the atmosphere, however this ability may be impaired as climate change intensifies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Jackson
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Albert J Gabric
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Roger Cropp
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Elliott S, Deal C, Humphries G, Hunke E, Jeffery N, Jin M, Levasseur M, Stefels J. Pan-Arctic simulation of coupled nutrient-sulfur cycling due to sea ice biology: Preliminary results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sánchez-Sanz G, Trujillo C, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Weak interactions between hypohalous acids and dimethylchalcogens. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9880-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40949f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Frossard AA, Shaw PM, Russell LM, Kroll JH, Canagaratna MR, Worsnop DR, Quinn PK, Bates TS. Springtime Arctic haze contributions of submicron organic particles from European and Asian combustion sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yi Z, Wang X, Ouyang M, Zhang D, Zhou G. Air-soil exchange of dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and dimethyl disulfide in three subtropical forests in south China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Korhonen H, Carslaw KS, Spracklen DV, Ridley DA, Ström J. A global model study of processes controlling aerosol size distributions in the Arctic spring and summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Iziomon MG, Lohmann U, Quinn PK. Summertime pollution events in the Arctic and potential implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Twohy CH, Clement CF, Gandrud BW, Weinheimer AJ, Campos TL, Baumgardner D, Brune WH, Faloona I, Sachse GW, Vay SA, Tan D. Deep convection as a source of new particles in the midlatitude upper troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia H. Twohy
- College of Oceanography; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Darrel Baumgardner
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - Ian Faloona
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | - David Tan
- Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
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Quinn PK, Miller TL, Bates TS, Ogren JA, Andrews E, Shaw GE. A 3-year record of simultaneously measured aerosol chemical and optical properties at Barrow, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Quinn
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. L. Miller
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. A. Ogren
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Andrews
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. E. Shaw
- Geophysical Institute; University of Alaska; Fairbanks Alaska USA
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Polissar AV, Hopke PK, Harris JM. Source regions for atmospheric aerosol measured at Barrow, Alaska. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:4214-4226. [PMID: 11718334 DOI: 10.1021/es0107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol data consisting of condensation nuclei (CN) counts, black carbon (BC) mass concentration, and aerosol light scattering coefficient at the wavelength of 450 nm (SC) measured at Barrow, AK, from 1986 to 1997 have been analyzed. BC and SC show an annual cycle with the Arctic haze maxima in the winter and spring and the minima in the summer. The CN time series shows two maxima in March and August. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) that combines the aerosol data with air parcel backward trajectories was applied to identify potential source areas and the preferred pathways that give rise to the observed high aerosol concentrations at Barrow. Ten-day isentropic back trajectories arriving twice daily at 500 and 1500 m above sea level were calculated for the period from 1986 to 1997. The PSCF analyses were performed based on the 80th percentile criterion values for the 2- and 24-h averages of the measured aerosol parameters. There was a good correspondence between PSCF maps for the 2- and 24-h averages, indicating that 1-day aerosol sampling in the Arctic adequately represents the aerosol source areas. In winter, the high PSCF values for BC and SC are related to industrial source areas in Eurasia. The trajectory domain in winter and spring is larger than in summer, reflecting weaker transport in summer. No high PSCF areas for BC and SC can be observed in summer. The result is related to the poor transport into the Arctic plus the strong removal of aerosol by precipitation in summer. In contrast to the BC and SC maps, the CN plot for summer shows high PSCF areas in the North Pacific Ocean. High CN values appearto be mostly connected with the long-range transport from Eurasia in winter and spring and with the reduced sulfur compound emission from biogenic activities in the ocean in the summer. PSCF analysis was found to be effective in identifying potential aerosol source areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Polissar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5705, USA
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Yum SS, Hudson JG. Vertical distributions of cloud condensation nuclei spectra over the springtime Arctic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sharma S, Barrie LA, Plummer D, McConnell JC, Brickell PC, Levasseur M, Gosselin M, Bates TS. Flux estimation of oceanic dimethyl sulfide around North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Capaldo K, Corbett JJ, Kasibhatla P, Fischbeck P, Pandis SN. Effects of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kahl JDW, Martinez DA, Kuhns H, Davidson CI, Jaffrezo JL, Harris JM. Air mass trajectories to Summit, Greenland: A 44-year climatology and some episodic events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jc00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matrai PA, Vernet M. Dynamics of the vernal bloom in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea: Dimethyl sulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate budgets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ferek RJ, Covert PA, Luke W. Intercomparison of measurements of sulfur dioxide in ambient air by carbonate-impregnated filters and Teco pulsed-fluorescence analyzers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hegg DA, Hobbs PV, Gassó S, Nance JD, Rangno AL. Aerosol measurements in the Arctic relevant to direct and indirect radiative forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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