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Dang J, Wang N, Atiyeh HK. Review of Dissolved CO and H 2 Measurement Methods for Syngas Fermentation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2165. [PMID: 33808889 PMCID: PMC8003665 DOI: 10.3390/s21062165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Syngas fermentation is a promising technique to produce biofuels using syngas obtained through gasified biomass and other carbonaceous materials or collected from industrial CO-rich off-gases. The primary components of syngas, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), are converted to alcohols and other chemicals through an anaerobic fermentation process by acetogenic bacteria. Dissolved CO and H2 concentrations in fermentation media are among the most important parameters for successful and stable operation. However, the difficulties in timely and precise dissolved CO and H2 measurements hinder the industrial-scale commercialization of this technique. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of available dissolved CO and H2 measurement methods, focusing on their detection mechanisms, CO and H2 cross interference and operations in syngas fermentation process. This paper further discusses potential novel methods by providing a critical review of gas phase CO and H2 detection methods with regard to their capability to be modified for measuring dissolved CO and H2 in syngas fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (J.D.); (H.K.A.)
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2
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Febvre G, Gayet JF, Minikin A, Schlager H, Shcherbakov V, Jourdan O, Busen R, Fiebig M, Kärcher B, Schumann U. On optical and microphysical characteristics of contrails and cirrus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Emmons LK, Pfister GG, Edwards DP, Gille JC, Sachse G, Blake D, Wofsy S, Gerbig C, Matross D, Nédélec P. Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) validation exercises during summer 2004 field campaigns over North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Honrath R, Lamarque JF, Val Martin M, Owen RC, Avery MA, Browell EV, Holloway JS, Nedelec P, Purvis R, Ryerson TB, Sachse GW, Schlager H. Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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Hopkins JR, Boddy RK, Hamilton JF, Lee JD, Lewis AC, Purvis RM, Watson NJ. An observational case study of ozone and precursors inflow to South East England during an anticyclone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:1195-202. [PMID: 17133276 DOI: 10.1039/b608062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Summertime photochemical air pollution episodes within the United Kingdom have been proposed via modelling studies to be strongly influenced by regional scale inflow of air from the continental European boundary layer. We present a vertically resolved case study using measurements made from the NERC/Met Office BAe 146 research aircraft on 18th August 2005 over the South East of England and the North Sea during a weak anticyclone centred over Northern Europe. The vertical distribution of ozone, CO, NO(x), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and a wide range of both nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were determined between 500 ft (approximately 152 m) and 7000 ft (approximately 2134 m) over the East Anglia coastline and 50 km inland. In excess of 80 ppbV ozone was observed within inflowing boundary layer air over the North Sea coast in a broad N-S sloping feature around 60 km wide. The inflowing feature of European origin was also observed further inland within the boundary layer albeit with lower, more variable, ozone mixing ratios. The increased variability in ozone over land was a product of titration by fresh surface emissions of NO via rapid upward transport in thermals, a hypothesis supported by the observed vertical wind speed component. Fast boundary layer mixing over land was further illustrated by a uniform distribution in reactive alkenes. A comparison between aircraft and surface O(3) UK AUN (Automatic Urban Network) measurements showed good agreement with the inland site, Sibton, but marked differences with the coastal monitoring site at Weybourne, potentially due to gradients established by ocean deposition in stably stratified marine air.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
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Huntrieser H. Intercontinental air pollution transport from North America to Europe: Experimental evidence from airborne measurements and surface observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertschi IT. Long-range transport of ozone, carbon monoxide, and aerosols to the NE Pacific troposphere during the summer of 2003: Observations of smoke plumes from Asian boreal fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertschi IT, Jaffe DA, Jaeglé L, Price HU, Dennison JB. PHOBEA/ITCT 2002 airborne observations of transpacific transport of ozone, CO, volatile organic compounds, and aerosols to the northeast Pacific: Impacts of Asian anthropogenic and Siberian boreal fire emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. T. Bertschi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
| | - D. A. Jaffe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - H. U. Price
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. B. Dennison
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
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Emmons LK, Deeter MN, Gille JC, Edwards DP, Attié JL, Warner J, Ziskin D, Francis G, Khattatov B, Yudin V, Lamarque JF, Ho SP, Mao D, Chen JS, Drummond J, Novelli P, Sachse G, Coffey MT, Hannigan JW, Gerbig C, Kawakami S, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Schlager H, Baehr J, Ziereis H. Validation of Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO retrievals with aircraft in situ profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Emmons
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. N. Deeter
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. C. Gille
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. P. Edwards
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - J. Warner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Ziskin
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Francis
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Khattatov
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Yudin
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S.-P. Ho
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Mao
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Chen
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - P. Novelli
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. T. Coffey
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. W. Hannigan
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Gerbig
- Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - S. Kawakami
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Germany
| | - J. Baehr
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Germany
| | - H. Ziereis
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Germany
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11
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Parrish DD. Fraction and composition of NOytransported in air masses lofted from the North American continental boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Gerbig C, Lin JC, Wofsy SC, Daube BC, Andrews AE, Stephens BB, Bakwin PS, Grainger CA. Toward constraining regional-scale fluxes of CO2with atmospheric observations over a continent: 1. Observed spatial variability from airborne platforms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Gerbig
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - J. C. Lin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - S. C. Wofsy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - B. C. Daube
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - A. E. Andrews
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - B. B. Stephens
- Atmospheric Technology Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. S. Bakwin
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. A. Grainger
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of North Dakota; Grand Forks North Dakota USA
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13
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Jost C, Trentmann J, Sprung D, Andreae MO, McQuaid JB, Barjat H. Trace gas chemistry in a young biomass burning plume over Namibia: Observations and model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Jost
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Jörg Trentmann
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Detlev Sprung
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Meinrat O. Andreae
- Biogeochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - James B. McQuaid
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of the Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Hannah Barjat
- Meteorological Research Flight; Meteorological Office; Bracknell UK
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14
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Novelli PC. Reanalysis of tropospheric CO trends: Effects of the 1997–1998 wildfires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Stohl A. A backward modeling study of intercontinental pollution transport using aircraft measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huntrieser H, Feigl C, Schlager H, Schröder F, Gerbig C, van Velthoven P, Flatøy F, Théry C, Petzold A, Höller H, Schumann U. Airborne measurements of NOx, tracer species, and small particles during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Huntrieser
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
| | - C. Feigl
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
| | - F. Schröder
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
| | - C. Gerbig
- Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre; Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - P. van Velthoven
- Section of Atmospheric Composition; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; De Bilt Netherlands
| | - F. Flatøy
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - C. Théry
- Atmospheric Environment Research Section, Environnement Atmosphérique et Givrage du Département Mesures Physiques; Office National d'Etudes et de Recherche Aérospatiales; Chatillon France
| | - A. Petzold
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
| | - H. Höller
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
| | - U. Schumann
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen; Wessling Germany
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Schumann U. Influence of fuel sulfur on the composition of aircraft exhaust plumes: The experiments SULFUR 1–7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Takegawa N, Kita K, Kondo Y, Matsumi Y, Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Koike M, Miyazaki Y, Toriyama N, Kawakami S, Ogawa T. Airborne vacuum ultraviolet resonance fluorescence instrument for in situ measurement of CO. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Holloway JS, Jakoubek RO, Parrish DD, Gerbig C, Volz-Thomas A, Schmitgen S, Fried A, Wert B, Henry B, Drummond JR. Airborne intercomparison of vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence and tunable diode laser absorption measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Jakoubek R, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld FC, Moody JL, Cooper OR. Mixing of anthropogenic pollution with stratospheric ozone: A case study from the North Atlantic wintertime troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Emmons LK, Hauglustaine DA, Müller JF, Carroll MA, Brasseur GP, Brunner D, Staehelin J, Thouret V, Marenco A. Data composites of airborne observations of tropospheric ozone and its precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Goldan PD, Parrish DD, Kuster WC, Trainer M, McKeen SA, Holloway J, Jobson BT, Sueper DT, Fehsenfeld FC. Airborne measurements of isoprene, CO, and anthropogenic hydrocarbons and their implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Ziereis H, Schlager H, Schulte P, van Velthoven PFJ, Slemr F. Distributions of NO, NOx, and NOyin the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere between 28° and 61°N during POLINAT 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schumann U, Schlager H, Arnold F, Ovarlez J, Kelder H, Hov Ø, Hayman G, Isaksen ISA, Staehelin J, Whitefield PD. Pollution from aircraft emissions in the North Atlantic flight corridor: Overview on the POLINAT projects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pätz HW, Corsmeier U, Glaser K, Vogt U, Kalthoff N, Klemp D, Kolahgar B, Lerner A, Neininger B, Schmitz T, Schultz MG, Slemr J, Volz-Thomas A. Measurements of trace gases and photolysis frequencies during SLOPE96 and a coarse estimate of the local OH concentration from HNO3formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Waibel A, Fischer H, Wienhold F, Siegmund P, Lee B, Ström J, Lelieveld J, Crutzen P. Highly elevated carbon monoxide concentrations in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes during the STREAM II summer campaign in 1994. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Kiselev A, Karol I. Modeling of the tropospheric carbon monoxide distribution in the northern temperate latitudinal belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(99)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Gerbig C, Schmitgen S, Kley D, Volz-Thomas A, Dewey K, Haaks D. An improved fast-response vacuum-UV resonance fluorescence CO instrument. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Bethan S, Vaughan G, Gerbig C, Volz-Thomas A, Richer H, Tiddeman DA. Chemical air mass differences near fronts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Schultz M, Schmitt R, Thomas K, Volz-Thomas A. Photochemical box modeling of long-range transport from North America to Tenerife during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) 1993. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Fehsenfeld FC, Daum P, Leaitch WR, Trainer M, Parrish DD, Hübler G. Transport and processing of O3and O3precursors over the North Atlantic: An overview of the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) summer intensive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Flatøy F, Hov Ø, Gerbig C, Oltmans SJ. Model studies of the meteorology and chemical composition of the troposphere over the North Atlantic during August 18-30, 1993. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Wild O, Law KS, McKenna DS, Bandy BJ, Penkett SA, Pyle JA. Photochemical trajectory modeling studies of the North Atlantic region during August 1993. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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