1
|
Nakamura R, Varsani A, Genestreti KJ, Le Contel O, Nakamura T, Baumjohann W, Nagai T, Artemyev A, Birn J, Sergeev VA, Apatenkov S, Ergun RE, Fuselier SA, Gershman DJ, Giles BJ, Khotyaintsev YV, Lindqvist P, Magnes W, Mauk B, Petrukovich A, Russell CT, Stawarz J, Strangeway RJ, Anderson B, Burch JL, Bromund KR, Cohen I, Fischer D, Jaynes A, Kepko L, Le G, Plaschke F, Reeves G, Singer HJ, Slavin JA, Torbert RB, Turner DL. Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2018; 123:1260-1278. [PMID: 29938154 PMCID: PMC5993344 DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present characteristics of current layers in the off-equatorial near-Earth plasma sheet boundary observed with high time-resolution measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during an intense substorm associated with multiple dipolarizations. The four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, separated by distances of about 50 km, were located in the southern hemisphere in the dusk portion of a substorm current wedge. They observed fast flow disturbances (up to about 500 km/s), most intense in the dawn-dusk direction. Field-aligned currents were observed initially within the expanding plasma sheet, where the flow and field disturbances showed the distinct pattern expected in the braking region of localized flows. Subsequently, intense thin field-aligned current layers were detected at the inner boundary of equatorward moving flux tubes together with Earthward streaming hot ions. Intense Hall current layers were found adjacent to the field-aligned currents. In particular, we found a Hall current structure in the vicinity of the Earthward streaming ion jet that consisted of mixed ion components, that is, hot unmagnetized ions, cold E × B drifting ions, and magnetized electrons. Our observations show that both the near-Earth plasma jet diversion and the thin Hall current layers formed around the reconnection jet boundary are the sites where diversion of the perpendicular currents take place that contribute to the observed field-aligned current pattern as predicted by simulations of reconnection jets. Hence, multiscale structure of flow braking is preserved in the field-aligned currents in the off-equatorial plasma sheet and is also translated to ionosphere to become a part of the substorm field-aligned current system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Nakamura
- Space Research InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria
| | - Ali Varsani
- Space Research InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria
| | | | - Olivier Le Contel
- Laboratoire de Physique des PlasmasCNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC Univ Paris 06/University Paris‐Sud/Observatoire de ParisParisFrance
| | - Takuma Nakamura
- Space Research InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria
| | | | - Tsugunobu Nagai
- Earth and Planetary SciencesTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Anton Artemyev
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Victor A. Sergeev
- Earth's Physics DepartmentSt. Petersburg State UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Sergey Apatenkov
- Earth's Physics DepartmentSt. Petersburg State UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Robert E. Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Werner Magnes
- Space Research InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria
| | - Barry Mauk
- Applied Physics LaboratoryJohns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMDUSA
| | | | - Christopher T. Russell
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Julia Stawarz
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Robert J. Strangeway
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Brian Anderson
- Applied Physics LaboratoryJohns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMDUSA
| | | | | | - Ian Cohen
- Applied Physics LaboratoryJohns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMDUSA
| | - David Fischer
- Space Research InstituteAustrian Academy of SciencesGrazAustria
| | - Allison Jaynes
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Guan Le
- NASA, Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - James A. Slavin
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Roy B. Torbert
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Drew L. Turner
- Space Sciences DepartmentAerospace CorporationLos AngelesCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakamura R, Nagai T, Birn J, Sergeev VA, Le Contel O, Varsani A, Baumjohann W, Nakamura T, Apatenkov S, Artemyev A, Ergun RE, Fuselier SA, Gershman DJ, Giles BJ, Khotyaintsev YV, Lindqvist PA, Magnes W, Mauk B, Russell CT, Singer HJ, Stawarz J, Strangeway RJ, Anderson B, Bromund KR, Fischer D, Kepko L, Le G, Plaschke F, Slavin JA, Cohen I, Jaynes A, Turner DL. Near-Earth plasma sheet boundary dynamics during substorm dipolarization. EARTH, PLANETS, AND SPACE : EPS 2017; 69:129. [PMID: 32009832 PMCID: PMC6961498 DOI: 10.1186/s40623-017-0707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the large-scale evolution of dipolarization in the near-Earth plasma sheet during an intense (AL ~ -1000 nT) substorm on August 10, 2016, when multiple spacecraft at radial distances between 4 and 15 R E were present in the night-side magnetosphere. This global dipolarization consisted of multiple short-timescale (a couple of minutes) B z disturbances detected by spacecraft distributed over 9 MLT, consistent with the large-scale substorm current wedge observed by ground-based magnetometers. The four spacecraft of the Magnetospheric Multiscale were located in the southern hemisphere plasma sheet and observed fast flow disturbances associated with this dipolarization. The high-time-resolution measurements from MMS enable us to detect the rapid motion of the field structures and flow disturbances separately. A distinct pattern of the flow and field disturbance near the plasma boundaries was found. We suggest that a vortex motion created around the localized flows resulted in another field-aligned current system at the off-equatorial side of the BBF-associated R1/R2 systems, as was predicted by the MHD simulation of a localized reconnection jet. The observations by GOES and Geotail, which were located in the opposite hemisphere and local time, support this view. We demonstrate that the processes of both Earthward flow braking and of accumulated magnetic flux evolving tailward also control the dynamics in the boundary region of the near-Earth plasma sheet.Graphical AbstractMultispacecraft observations of dipolarization (left panel). Magnetic field component normal to the current sheet (BZ) observed in the night side magnetosphere are plotted from post-midnight to premidnight region: a GOES 13, b Van Allen Probe-A, c GOES 14, d GOES 15, e MMS3, g Geotail, h Cluster 1, together with f a combined product of energy spectra of electrons from MMS1 and MMS3 and i auroral electrojet indices. Spacecraft location in the GSM X-Y plane (upper right panel). Colorcoded By disturbances around the reconnection jets from the MHD simulation of the reconnection by Birn and Hesse (1996) (lower right panel). MMS and GOES 14-15 observed disturbances similar to those at the location indicated by arrows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Nakamura
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Le Contel
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole polytechnique/UPMC Univ Paris 06/Univ. Paris-Sud/Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ali Varsani
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Takuma Nakamura
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Werner Magnes
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Barry Mauk
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | | | - Julia Stawarz
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Brian Anderson
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - David Fischer
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Guan Le
- NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | | | - James A. Slavin
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ian Cohen
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - Drew L. Turner
- Space Sciences Department, Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shang W, Yao Z, Shi Q, Sun W, Fu S, Liu J, Tian A, Zong Q, Pu Z, Xiao T, Angelopoulos V. Braking of high-speed flows in the magnetotail: THEMIS joint observations. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Fu S, Shi Q, Wang C, Parks G, Zheng L, Zheng H, Sun W. High-speed flowing plasmas in the Earth’s plasma sheet. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
5
|
Graham JP, Mininni PD, Pouquet A. Cancellation exponent and multifractal structure in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics: direct numerical simulations and Lagrangian averaged modeling. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 72:045301. [PMID: 16383461 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present direct numerical simulations and Lagrangian averaged (also known as alpha model) simulations of forced and free decaying magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in two dimensions. The statistics of sign cancellations of the current at small scales is studied using both the cancellation exponent and the fractal dimension of the structures. The alpha model is found to have the same scaling behavior between positive and negative contributions as the direct numerical simulations. The alpha model is also able to reproduce the time evolution of these quantities in free decaying turbulence. At large Reynolds numbers, an independence of the cancellation exponent with the Reynolds numbers is observed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Morales LF, Dasso S, Gómez DO. Hall effect in incompressible magnetic reconnection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. Morales
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Sergio Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Daniel O. Gómez
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Khan H, Cowley SWH, Kolesnikova E, Lester M, Brittnacher MJ, Hughes TJ, Hughes WJ, Kurth WS, McComas DJ, Newitt L, Owen CJ, Reeves GD, Singer HJ, Smith CW, Southwood DJ, Watermann JF. Observations of two complete substorm cycles during the Cassini Earth swing-by: Cassini magnetometer data in a global context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Nakamura R, Baumjohann W, Schödel R, Brittnacher M, Sergeev VA, Kubyshkina M, Mukai T, Liou K. Earthward flow bursts, auroral streamers, and small expansions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
Nakamura R, Baumjohann W, Brittnacher M, Sergeev VA, Kubyshkina M, Mukai T, Liou K. Flow bursts and auroral activations: Onset timing and foot point location. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
11
|
Ieda A, Fairfield DH, Mukai T, Saito Y, Kokubun S, Liou K, Meng CI, Parks GK, Brittnacher MJ. Plasmoid ejection and auroral brightenings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Birn J, Hesse M. Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) magnetic reconnection challenge: Resistive tearing, anisotropic pressure and Hall effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
Pu ZY, Kang KB, Korth A, Fu SY, Zong QG, Chen ZX, Hong MH, Liu ZX, Mouikis CG, Friedel RWH, Pulkkinen T. Ballooning instability in the presence of a plasma flow: A synthesis of tail reconnection and current disruption models for the initiation of substorms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998ja900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Horton W, Doxas I. A low-dimensional dynamical model for the solar wind driven geotail-ionosphere system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|