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Yang X, Zhang G, Hu S, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhong X, Song H. Summertime carbonyl compounds in an urban area in the North China plain: Identification of sources, key precursors and their contribution to O 3 formation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121908. [PMID: 37257807 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds are critical components of volatile organic compounds. They significantly participate in the photochemical formation of atmospheric ozone and thus threaten human health. This study measured 15 C1-C8 carbonyl compounds at an urban site in Linyi, a typically industrialised city in the North China Plain (NCP). Formaldehyde (3.89 ppbv), acetaldehyde (1.66 ppbv) and acetone (2.03 ppbv) were found to be the top three carbonyl compounds, accounting for 76.11% of the total concentration of carbonyl compounds. Anthropogenic secondary formation was recognised as the main source of the top five carbonyl compounds, which included formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, and accounted for 46-54% of all sources. Alkenes were the most important precursors of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, suggesting that reducing the emission of alkenes from anthropogenic sources is an effective way to control carbonyl compound pollution in Linyi. Furthermore, the photolysis of carbonyl compounds played a significant role (68-75%) as sources of HO2• and RO2• and thus made a significant contribution (14.6%) to the photochemical formation of O3. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic secondary formation as a source of carbonyl compounds and provides a scientific basis for O3 pollution control in carbonyl compound-enriched cities in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China; Shandong Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuhao Hu
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Xuelian Zhong
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
| | - Hengyu Song
- College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Ji'nan, 250101, China
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2
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Wang C, Chen X, Liu Y, Huang T, Jiang S. Theoretical Study of the Gas-Phase Hydrolysis of Formaldehyde to Produce Methanediol and Its Implication to New Particle Formation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15467-15478. [PMID: 37151514 PMCID: PMC10157852 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes were speculated to be important precursor species in new particle formation (NPF). The direct involvement of formaldehyde (CH2O) in sulfuric acid and water nucleation is negligible; however, whether its atmospheric hydrolysate, methanediol (CH2(OH)2), which contains two hydroxyl groups, participates in NPF is not known. This work investigates both CH2O hydrolysis and NPF from sulfuric acid and CH2(OH)2 with quantum chemistry calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics modeling. Kinetic calculation shows that reaction rates of the gas-phase hydrolysis of CH2O catalyzed by sulfuric acid are 11-15 orders of magnitude faster than those of the naked path at 253-298 K. Based on structures and the calculated formation Gibbs free energies, the interaction between sulfuric acid/its dimer/its trimer and CH2(OH)2 is thermodynamically favorable, and CH2(OH)2 forms hydrogen bonds with sulfuric acid/its dimer/its trimer via two hydroxyl groups to stabilize clusters. Our further cluster kinetic calculations suggested that the particle formation rates of the system are higher than those of the binary system of sulfuric acid and water at ambient low sulfuric acid concentrations and low relative humidity. In addition, the formation rate is found to present a negative temperature dependence because evaporation rate constants contribute significantly to it. However, cluster growth is essentially limited by the weak formation of the largest clusters, which implies that other stabilizing vapors are required for stable cluster formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- School
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
- Water
Environment Research Center, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoju Chen
- School
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
| | - Yirong Liu
- School
of Information Science and Technology, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui
Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School
of Information Science and Technology, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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3
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Abstract
The strong economic growth in China in recent decades, together with meteorological factors, has resulted in serious air pollution problems, in particular over large industrialized areas with high population density. To reduce the concentrations of pollutants, air pollution control policies have been successfully implemented, resulting in the gradual decrease of air pollution in China during the last decade, as evidenced from both satellite and ground-based measurements. The aims of the Dragon 4 project “Air quality over China” were the determination of trends in the concentrations of aerosols and trace gases, quantification of emissions using a top-down approach and gain a better understanding of the sources, transport and underlying processes contributing to air pollution. This was achieved through (a) satellite observations of trace gases and aerosols to study the temporal and spatial variability of air pollutants; (b) derivation of trace gas emissions from satellite observations to study sources of air pollution and improve air quality modeling; and (c) study effects of haze on air quality. In these studies, the satellite observations are complemented with ground-based observations and modeling.
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Wyche KP, Nichols M, Parfitt H, Beckett P, Gregg DJ, Smallbone KL, Monks PS. Changes in ambient air quality and atmospheric composition and reactivity in the South East of the UK as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142526. [PMID: 33045513 PMCID: PMC7834395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments around the world to impose restrictions on daily life to prevent the spread of the virus. This resulted in unprecedented reductions in anthropogenic activity, and reduced emissions of certain air pollutants, namely oxides of nitrogen. The UK 'lockdown' was enforced on 23/03/2020, which led to restrictions on movement, social interaction, and 'non-essential' businesses and services. This study employed an ensemble of measurement and modelling techniques to investigate changes in air quality, atmospheric composition and boundary layer reactivity in the South East of the UK post-lockdown. The techniques employed included in-situ gas- and particle-phase monitoring within central and local authority air quality monitoring networks, remote sensing by long path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy and Sentinel-5P's TROPOMI, and detailed 0-D chemical box modelling. Findings showed that de-trended NO2 concentrations decreased by an average of 14-38% when compared to the mean of the same period over the preceding 5-years. We found that de-trended particulate matter concentrations had been influenced by interregional pollution episodes, and de-trended ozone concentrations had increased across most sites, by up to 15%, such that total Ox levels were roughly preserved. 0-D chemical box model simulations showed the observed increases in ozone concentrations during lockdown under the hydrocarbon-limited ozone production regime, where total NOx decreased proportionally greater than total non-methane hydrocarbons, which led to an increase in total hydroxyl, peroxy and organic peroxy radicals. These findings suggest a more complex scenario in terms of changes in air quality owing to the COVID-19 lockdown than originally reported and provide a window into the future to illustrate potential outcomes of policy interventions seeking large-scale NOx emissions reductions without due consideration of other reactive trace species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Wyche
- Air Environment Research, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - M Nichols
- Hydrock Consultants Ltd, Merchants House North, Wapping Road, Bristol BS1 4RW, UK
| | - H Parfitt
- Phlorum Ltd, 12 Hunns Mere Way, Brighton BN2 6AH, UK
| | - P Beckett
- Phlorum Ltd, 12 Hunns Mere Way, Brighton BN2 6AH, UK
| | - D J Gregg
- Air Environment Research, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - K L Smallbone
- Air Environment Research, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - P S Monks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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5
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Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds during the OCTAVE Campaign: Sources and Distributions of Formaldehyde on Reunion Island. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Oxygenated Compounds in the Tropical Atmosphere: Variability and Exchanges (OCTAVE) campaign aimed to improve the assessment of the budget and role of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in tropical regions, and especially over oceans, relying on an integrated approach combining in situ measurements, satellite retrievals, and modeling. As part of OCTAVE, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using a comprehensive suite of instruments on Reunion Island (21.07° S, 55.38° E) from 7 March to 2 May 2018. VOCs were measured at a receptor site at the Maïdo observatory during the entire campaign and at two source sites: Le Port from 19 to 24 April 2018 (source of anthropogenic emissions) and Bélouve from 25 April to 2 May 2018 (source of biogenic emissions) within a mobile lab. The Maïdo observatory is a remote background site located at an altitude of 2200 m, whereas Bélouve is located in a tropical forest to the east of Maïdo and Le Port is an urban area located northwest of Maïdo. The major objective of this study was to understand the sources and distributions of atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) in the Maïdo observatory on Reunion Island. To address this objective, two different approaches were used to quantify and determine the main drivers of HCHO at Maïdo. First, a chemical-kinetics-based (CKB) calculation method was used to determine the sources and sinks (biogenic, anthropogenic/primary, or secondary) of HCHO at the Maïdo site. The CKB method shows that 9% of the formaldehyde formed from biogenic emissions and 89% of HCHO had an unknown source; that is, the sources cannot be explicitly described by this method. Next, a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to characterize the VOC source contributions at Maïdo. The PMF analysis including VOCs measured at the Maïdo observatory shows that the most robust solution was obtained with five factors: secondary biogenic accounting for 17%, primary anthropogenic/solvents (24%), primary biogenic (14%), primary anthropogenic/combustion (22%), and background (23%). The main contributions to formaldehyde sources as described by the PMF model are secondary biogenic (oxidation of biogenic VOCs with 37%) and background (32%). Some assumptions were necessary concerning the high percentage of unknown HCHO sources of the CKB calculation method such as the biogenic emission factor resulting in large discrepancies between the two methods.
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6
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Liu FY, Tan XF, Long ZW, Long B, Zhang WJ. New insights in atmospheric acid-catalyzed gas phase hydrolysis of formaldehyde: a theoretical study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-step mechanism of the gas phase hydrolysis of formaldehyde catalyzed by nitric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Liu
- Department of Physics
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Xing-Feng Tan
- College of Computer and Information Engineering
- Guizhou MinZu University
- Guiyang
- China
| | | | - Bo Long
- College of Computer and Information Engineering
- Guizhou MinZu University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
- China
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7
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Kim S, Guenther A, Apel E. Quantitative and qualitative sensing techniques for biogenic volatile organic compounds and their oxidation products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:1301-1314. [PMID: 23748571 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The physiological production mechanisms of some of the organics in plants, commonly known as biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), have been known for more than a century. Some BVOCs are emitted to the atmosphere and play a significant role in tropospheric photochemistry especially in ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) productions as a result of interplays between BVOCs and atmospheric radicals such as hydroxyl radical (OH), ozone (O3) and NOX (NO + NO2). These findings have been drawn from comprehensive analysis of numerous field and laboratory studies that have characterized the ambient distribution of BVOCs and their oxidation products, and reaction kinetics between BVOCs and atmospheric oxidants. These investigations are limited by the capacity for identifying and quantifying these compounds. This review highlights the major analytical techniques that have been used to observe BVOCs and their oxidation products such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry with hard and soft ionization methods, and optical techniques from laser induced fluorescence (LIF) to remote sensing. In addition, we discuss how new analytical techniques can advance our understanding of BVOC photochemical processes. The principles, advantages, and drawbacks of the analytical techniques are discussed along with specific examples of how the techniques were applied in field and laboratory measurements. Since a number of thorough review papers for each specific analytical technique are available, readers are referred to these publications rather than providing thorough descriptions of each technique. Therefore, the aim of this review is for readers to grasp the advantages and disadvantages of various sensing techniques for BVOCs and their oxidation products and to provide guidance for choosing the optimal technique for a specific research task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saewung Kim
- Department of Earth System Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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8
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Long B, Tan XF, Chang CR, Zhao WX, Long ZW, Ren DS, Zhang WJ. Theoretical Studies on Gas-Phase Reactions of Sulfuric Acid Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde with Sulfuric Acid and H2SO4···H2O Complex. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5106-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312844z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric
Composition and Optical Radiation, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine
Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- College
of Information Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xing-Feng Tan
- College
of Information Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun-Ran Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry,
Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Long
- Laboratory for Photoelectric Technology
and Application, College of Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Da-Sen Ren
- College
of Information Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric
Composition and Optical Radiation, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine
Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Hefei 230031, China
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry,
Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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9
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Ahlm L, Liu S, Day DA, Russell LM, Weber R, Gentner DR, Goldstein AH, DiGangi JP, Henry SB, Keutsch FN, VandenBoer TC, Markovic MZ, Murphy JG, Ren X, Scheller S. Formation and growth of ultrafine particles from secondary sources in Bakersfield, California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Stone D, Whalley LK, Heard DE. Tropospheric OH and HO2 radicals: field measurements and model comparisons. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6348-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Gratien A, Nilsson E, Doussin JF, Johnson MS, Nielsen CJ, Stenstrøm Y, Picquet-Varrault B. UV and IR Absorption Cross-sections of HCHO, HCDO, and DCDO. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11506-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gratien
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, University of Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil, France, Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1033 − Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
| | - Elna Nilsson
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, University of Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil, France, Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1033 − Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, University of Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil, France, Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1033 − Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
| | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, University of Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil, France, Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1033 − Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
| | - Claus J. Nielsen
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, University of Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil, France, Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1033 − Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, University of Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil, France, Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1033 − Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
| | - Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR 7583, University of Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil, France, Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark, Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Pb. 1033 − Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway, and Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science,
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12
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Gratien A, Picquet-Varrault B, Orphal J, Perraudin E, Doussin JF, Flaud JM. Laboratory intercomparison of the formaldehyde absorption cross sections in the infrared (1660–1820 cm−1) and ultraviolet (300–360 nm) spectral regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Stickler A, Fischer H, Williams J, de Reus M, Sander R, Lawrence MG, Crowley JN, Lelieveld J. Influence of summertime deep convection on formaldehyde in the middle and upper troposphere over Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Palmer PI, Jacob DJ, Fiore AM, Martin RV, Chance K, Kurosu TP. Mapping isoprene emissions over North America using formaldehyde column observations from space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul I. Palmer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Daniel J. Jacob
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Arlene M. Fiore
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Kelly Chance
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Divisions Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Thomas P. Kurosu
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Divisions Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge Massachusetts USA
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15
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Wert BP, Trainer M, Fried A, Ryerson TB, Henry B, Potter W, Angevine WM, Atlas E, Donnelly SG, Fehsenfeld FC, Frost GJ, Goldan PD, Hansel A, Holloway JS, Hubler G, Kuster WC, Nicks DK, Neuman JA, Parrish DD, Schauffler S, Stutz J, Sueper DT, Wiedinmyer C, Wisthaler A. Signatures of terminal alkene oxidation in airborne formaldehyde measurements during TexAQS 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Wert
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Fried
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Henry
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. Potter
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. M. Angevine
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Atlas
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. G. Donnelly
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. J. Frost
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute for Ionphysics; University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hubler
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. K. Nicks
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. Neuman
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Schauffler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - D. T. Sueper
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Wiedinmyer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Wisthaler
- Institute for Ionphysics; University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
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16
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Fried A. Airborne tunable diode laser measurements of formaldehyde during TRACE-P: Distributions and box model comparisons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Wert BP. Design and performance of a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for airborne formaldehyde measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Fried A. Tunable diode laser measurements of formaldehyde during the TOPSE 2000 study: Distributions, trends, and model comparisons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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20
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Fried A. Airborne CH2O measurements over the North Atlantic during the 1997 NARE campaign: Instrument comparisons and distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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