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Cho HK, Park CG, Shin HJ, Park KH, Lim HB. Comparison of the in vitro toxicological activity of various particulate matter. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:99-109. [PMID: 29415641 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717749694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFPs, < 2.5 µm) in air pollutants have been identified as a major cause of respiratory diseases, since they can affect the lung alveoli through the bronchus. In particular, if toxicants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in UFPs, they can cause diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. This study compared in vitro toxicity of various particulate matter including UFPs from combustion particles of diesel (diesel exhaust particles (DEP)), rice straw (RS), pine stem (PS) and coal (CC), and road dust particles from tunnel (TD) and roadside (RD). UFPs from combustion particles and road dust were collected with a glass fiber filter using burning systems and a solid aerosol generator. Cell viability was determined by neutral red uptake assay using Chinese hamster ovary strain K1 cells. Redox cycling activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species were measured using 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) assay, respectively. Our in vitro studies validated that combustion particles had high toxicological activity. PS demonstrated the highest activity in cytotoxicity but DEP had the highest activity in the DTT and DCF-DA assays. Overall, since the toxicological activity of particles generated by various means was different, risk assessment should be conducted through various toxicity evaluations rather than one toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ki Cho
- 1 College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gyun Park
- 1 College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | | | - Ki-Hong Park
- 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Heung-Bin Lim
- 1 College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Qu Y, An J, He Y, Zheng J. An overview of emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen pollutants in East Asia. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 44:13-25. [PMID: 27266298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The long-range transport of oxidized sulfur (sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate) and oxidized nitrogen (nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrate) in East Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern. This paper reviews various published papers, including ground- and satellite-based observations and numerical simulations. The aim is to assess the status of the anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx and the long-range transport of oxidized S and N pollutants over source and downwind region. China has dominated the emissions of SO2 and NOx in East Asia and urgently needs to strengthen the control of their emissions, especially NOx emissions. Oxidized S and N pollutants emitted from China are transported to Korea and Japan, due to persistent westerly winds, in winter and spring. However, the total contributions of China to S and N pollutants across Korea and Japan were not found to be dominant over longer time scales (e.g., a year). The source-receptor relationships for oxidized S and N pollutants in East Asia varied widely among the different studies. This is because: (1) the nonlinear effects of atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes were not well considered, when calculating the source-receptor relationships; (2) different meteorological and emission data inputs and solution schemes for key physical and chemical processes were used; and (3) different temporal and spatial scales were employed. Therefore, simulations using the same input fields and similar model configurations would be of benefit, to further evaluate the source-receptor relationships of the oxidized S and N pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junling An
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Youjiang He
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100035, China
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Hidy GM, Mohnen V, Blanchard CL. Tropospheric aerosols: size-differentiated chemistry and large-scale spatial distributions. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:377-404. [PMID: 23687724 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.760499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide interest in atmospheric aerosols has emerged since the late 20th century as a part of concerns for air pollution and radiative forcing of the earth's climate. The use of aircraft and balloons for sampling and the use of remote sensing have dramatically expanded knowledge about tropospheric aerosols. Our survey gives an overview of contemporary tropospheric aerosol chemistry based mainly on in situ measurements. It focuses on fine particles less than 1-2.5 microm in diameter. The physical properties of particles by region and altitude are exemplified by particle size distributions, total number and volume concentration, and optical parameters such as extinction coefficient and aerosol optical depth. Particle chemical characterization is size dependent, differentiated by ubiquitous sulfate, and carbon, partially from anthropogenic activity. Large-scale particle distributions extend to intra- and intercontinental proportions involving plumes from population centers to natural disturbances such as dust storms and vegetation fires. In the marine environment, sea salt adds an important component to aerosols. Generally, aerosol components, most of whose sources are at the earth's surface, tend to dilute and decrease in concentration with height, but often show different (layered) profiles depending on meteorological conditions. Key microscopic processes include new particle formation aloft and cloud interactions, both cloud initiation and cloud evaporation. Measurement campaigns aloft are short term, giving snapshots of inherently transient phenomena in the troposphere. Nevertheless, these data, combined with long-term data at the surface and optical depth and transmission observations, yield a unique picture of global tropospheric particle chemistry.
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Fischer EV, Perry KD, Jaffe DA. Optical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to Mount Bachelor during spring 2010. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen ZM, Jie CY, Li S, Wang HL, Wang CX, Xu JR, Hua W. Heterogeneous reactions of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone: Kinetics and mechanisms of uptake and ozonolysis on silicon dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tsai F, Chen GTJ, Liu TH, Lin WD, Tu JY. Characterizing the transport pathways of Asian dust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Choi H, Zhang YH, Kim KH. Sudden high concentration of TSP affected by atmospheric boundary layer in Seoul metropolitan area during duststorm period. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:635-647. [PMID: 18262650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hourly concentrations of TSP, PM(10), PM(2.5) near the surface at Seoul city were examined from March 20 to March 25, 2001 (duststorm event) in order to investigate the effect of a duststorm generated in China on the local aerosol concentration in Korea, The ratios of fine to coarse particles such as TSP to PM(10), TSP to PM(2.5) and PM(10)-PM(2.5) to PM(2.5) showed that a great amount of dust transported from the origin of the duststorm was remarkable with a maximum ratio of 9.77 between TSP and PM(2.5). Back trajectories every 6 h showed the movement of dust particles in the lower atmosphere near 500 m to 1500 m (atmospheric boundary layer), which implied transport from Baotou in inner Mongolia of northern China to the direction of Seoul city in Korea and then the back trajectories passed near the southern border of Mongolia and Baotou through Zengzhou in the midlevels (3000 m) and low levels (500 m) of China, finally reaching Seoul city. So, the TSP concentration at Seoul city was partially influenced by the duststorm, under the prevailing westerly wind and the transported aerosols could influence high concentrations of pollutants of TSP, PM(10) and PM(2.5) in Seoul. The sudden high concentrations of TSP and PM(10) were found for a few hours, especially at 1500 to 1800 LST, March 22. At 1200 LST, before the passage of a cold front through the Korean peninsula, the convective boundary layer (CBL) near Seoul was not shallow, but at 1500 LST, under the frontal passage, the CBL was remarkably thinner (less than 300 m), due to the compression of the boundary layer by the intrusion of cold air. This resulted in the increase of the TSP concentration, even though the mixed layer above maintained almost the same depth. At 1800 LST shortly after the frontal passage, that is, near sunset, the nocturnal cooling of the ground caused air parcels to cool, thereby enhancing the shallower nocturnal surface inversion layer and producing the maximum concentration of TSP of 1388 microg/m(3) near Seoul city.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Department of Atmospheric Environmental Sciences, Kangnung National University, Gangneung, Gangwondo 210-702, Republic of Korea.
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Wuebbles DJ, Lei H, Lin J. Intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia and its consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2007; 150:65-84. [PMID: 17714840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The intercontinental transport of aerosols and photochemical oxidants from Asia is a crucial issue for air quality concerns in countries downwind of the significant emissions and concentrations of pollutants occurring in this important region of the world. Since the lifetimes of some important pollutants are long enough to be transported over long distance in the troposphere, regional control strategies for air pollution in downwind countries might be ineffective without considering the effects of long-range transport of pollutants from Asia. Field campaigns provide strong evidence for the intercontinental transport of Asian pollutants. They, together with ground-based observations and model simulations, show that the air quality over parts of North America is being affected by the pollutants transported from Asia. This paper examines the current understanding of the intercontinental transport of gases and aerosols from Asia and resulting effects on air quality, and on the regional and global climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Wuebbles
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 105 S. Gregory Street, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Song CH, Kim CM, Lee YJ, Carmichael GR, Lee BK, Lee DS. An evaluation of reaction probabilities of sulfate and nitrate precursors onto East Asian dust particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Chang SC, Lee CT. Assessment of PM10 enhancement by yellow sand on the air quality of Taipei, Taiwan in 2001. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 132:297-309. [PMID: 17171244 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of long-range transport of yellow sand from Asian Continent to the Taipei Metropolitan Area (Taipei) not only deteriorates air quality but also poses health risks to all, especially the children and the elderly. As such, it is important to assess the enhancement of PM(10) during yellow sand periods. In order to estimate PM(10) enhancement, we adopted factor analysis to distinguish the yellow-sand (YS) periods from non-yellow-sand (NYS) periods based on air quality monitoring records. Eight YS events were identified using factor analysis coupling with an independent validation procedure by checking background site values, examining meteorological conditions, and modeling air mass trajectory from January 2001 to May 2001. The duration of each event varied from 11 to 132 h, which was identified from the time when the PM(10) level was high, and the CO and NOx levels were low. Subsequently, we used the artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate local PM(10) levels from related parameters including local gas pollutants and meteorological factors during the NYS periods. The PM(10) enhancement during the YS periods is then calculated by subtracting the simulated PM(10) from the observed PM(10) levels. Based on our calculations, the PM(10) enhancement in the maximum hour of each event ranged from 51 to 82%. Moreover, in the eight events identified in 2001, it was estimated that a total amount of 7,210 tons of PM(10) were transported by yellow sand to Taipei. Thus, in this study, we demonstrate that an integration of factor analysis with ANN model could provide a very useful method in identifying YS periods and in determining PM(10) enhancement caused by yellow sand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuenn-Chin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
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11
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Wang KY. Long-range transport of the April 2001 dust clouds over the subtropical East Asia and the North Pacific and its impacts on ground-level air pollution: A Lagrangian simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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VanCuren RA. Asian continental aerosol persistence above the marine boundary layer over the eastern North Pacific: Continuous aerosol measurements from Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Oshima N, Koike M, Nakamura H, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Miyazaki Y, Blake DR, Shirai T, Kita K, Kawakami S, Ogawa T. Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in late spring observed during the PEACE-B aircraft mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Oshima
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Nakamura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - S. Kawakami
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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Perry KD, Cliff SS, Jimenez-Cruz MP. Evidence for hygroscopic mineral dust particles from the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Perry
- Department of Meteorology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Steven S. Cliff
- Department of Applied Sciences; University of California; Davis California USA
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Kaneyasu N, Takada H. Seasonal variations of sulfate, carbonaceous species (black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and trace elements in fine atmospheric aerosols collected at subtropical islands in the East China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kaneyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
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17
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Cohen DD. Multielemental analysis and characterization of fine aerosols at several key ACE-Asia sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Bates TS. Marine boundary layer dust and pollutant transport associated with the passage of a frontal system over eastern Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mari C. Export of Asian pollution during two cold front episodes of the TRACE-P experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Massie ST. Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) observations of increases in Asian aerosol in winter from 1979 to 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dibb JE, Talbot RW, Scheuer EM, Seid G, Avery MA, Singh HB. Aerosol chemical composition in Asian continental outflow during the TRACE-P campaign: Comparison with PEM-West B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack E. Dibb
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Robert W. Talbot
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Eric M. Scheuer
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Garry Seid
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
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Jordan CE, Dibb JE, Anderson BE, Fuelberg HE. Uptake of nitrate and sulfate on dust aerosols during TRACE-P. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Jordan
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - J. E. Dibb
- Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | | | - H. E. Fuelberg
- Department of Meteorology; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida USA
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Liu W. Origins of fine aerosol mass in the western United States using positive matrix factorization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koike M. Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Browell EV. Large-scale ozone and aerosol distributions, air mass characteristics, and ozone fluxes over the western Pacific Ocean in late winter/early spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Iwasaka Y. Importance of dust particles in the free troposphere over the Taklamakan Desert: Electron microscopic experiments of particles collected with a balloonborne particle impactor at Dunhuang, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Zhao TL. Modeled size-segregated wet and dry deposition budgets of soil dust aerosol during ACE-Asia 2001: Implications for trans-Pacific transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Bao H. Multiple oxygen and sulfur isotopic analyses on water-soluble sulfate in bulk atmospheric deposition from the southwestern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Dibb JE, Talbot RW, Seid G, Jordan C, Scheuer E, Atlas E, Blake NJ, Blake DR. Airborne sampling of aerosol particles: Comparison between surface sampling at Christmas Island and P-3 sampling during PEM-Tropics B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Wang Z. Neutralization of soil aerosol and its impact on the distribution of acid rain over east Asia: Observations and model results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Ullerstam M, Vogt R, Langer S, Ljungström E. The kinetics and mechanism of SO2oxidation by O3on mineral dust. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b203529b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Uematsu M. Transport of mineral and anthropogenic aerosols during a Kosa event over East Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McKendry IG, Hacker JP, Stull R, Sakiyama S, Mignacca D, Reid K. Long-range transport of Asian dust to the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Bergin MH, Cass GR, Xu J, Fang C, Zeng LM, Yu T, Salmon LG, Kiang CS, Tang XY, Zhang YH, Chameides WL. Aerosol radiative, physical, and chemical properties in Beijing during June 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Uno I, Amano H, Emori S, Kinoshita K, Matsui I, Sugimoto N. Trans-Pacific yellow sand transport observed in April 1998: A numerical simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Song CH, Carmichael GR. A three-dimensional modeling investigation of the evolution processes of dust and sea-salt particles in east Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Underwood GM, Song CH, Phadnis M, Carmichael GR, Grassian VH. Heterogeneous reactions of NO2and HNO3on oxides and mineral dust: A combined laboratory and modeling study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Donnell EA, Fish DJ, Dicks EM, Thorpe AJ. Mechanisms for pollutant transport between the boundary layer and the free troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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