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Leonard EJ, Howell SM, Mills A, Senske DA, Patthoff DA, Hay HCFC, Pappalardo RT. Finding Order in Chaos: Quantitative Predictors of Chaos Terrain Morphology on Europa. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2021GL097309. [PMID: 35866056 PMCID: PMC9287068 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms for chaos terrain formation on Europa have long been a source of debate in the scientific community. There exist numerous theoretical and numerical models for chaos formation, but to date there has been a lack of quantifiable observations that can be used to constrain models and permit comparison to the outputs of these chaos models. Here, we use mapping and statistical analysis to develop a quantitative description of chaos terrain and their observed morphologies. For nine chaos features, we map every block, or region of pre-existing terrain within disrupted matrix. We demonstrate that chaos terrains follow a continuous spectrum of morphologies between two endmembers, platy and knobby. We find that any given chaos terrain's morphology can be quantified by means of the linearized exponential slope of its cumulative block area distribution. This quantitative metric provides a new diagnostic parameter in future studies of chaos terrain formation and comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Leonard
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - S. M. Howell
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - A. Mills
- University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA
| | - D. A. Senske
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - H. C. F. C. Hay
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - R. T. Pappalardo
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
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2
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Hedrick G, Gu Y. Terrain-aware traverse planning for a Mars sample return rover. Adv Robot 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01691864.2021.1955000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Hedrick
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Y. Gu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Pham TH, Seto W, Daftry S, Ridge B, Hansen J, Thrush T, Van der Merwe M, Maggiolino G, Brinkman A, Mayo J, Cheng Y, Padgett C, Kulczycki E, Detry R. Rover Relocalization for Mars Sample Return by Virtual Template Synthesis and Matching. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3067281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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Particle Size-Frequency Distributions of the OSIRIS-REx Candidate Sample Sites on Asteroid (101955) Bennu. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We manually mapped particles ranging in longest axis from 0.3 cm to 95 m on (101955) Bennu for the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) asteroid sample return mission. This enabled the mission to identify candidate sample collection sites and shed light on the processes that have shaped the surface of this rubble-pile asteroid. Building on a global survey of particles, we used higher-resolution data from regional observations to calculate particle size-frequency distributions (PSFDs) and assess the viability of four candidate sites for sample collection (presence of unobstructed particles ≤ 2 cm). The four candidate sites have common characteristics: each is situated within a crater with a relative abundance of sampleable material. Their PSFDs, however, indicate that each site has experienced different geologic processing. The PSFD power-law slopes range from −3.0 ± 0.2 to −2.3 ± 0.1 across the four sites, based on images with a 0.01-m pixel scale. These values are consistent with, or shallower than, the global survey measurements. At one site, Osprey, the particle packing density appears to reach geometric saturation. We evaluate the uncertainty in these measurements and discuss their implications for other remotely sensed and mapped particles, and their importance to OSIRIS-REx sampling operations.
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Hedrick G, Ohi N, Gu Y. Terrain-Aware Path Planning and Map Update for Mars Sample Return Mission. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2020.3005123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Golombek M, Kass D, Williams N, Warner N, Daubar I, Piqueux S, Charalambous C, Pike WT. Assessment of InSight Landing Site Predictions. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2020; 125:e2020JE006502. [PMID: 32999801 PMCID: PMC7507760 DOI: 10.1029/2020je006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of remote sensing data used to select the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) landing site correctly predicted the atmospheric temperature and pressure profile during entry and descent, the safe landing surface, and the geologic setting of the site. The smooth plains upon which the InSight landing site is located were accurately predicted to be generally similar to the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit landing site with relatively low rock abundance, low slopes, and a moderately dusty surface with a 3-10 m impact fragmented regolith over Hesperian to Early Amazonian basaltic lava flows. The deceleration profile and surface pressure encountered by the spacecraft during entry, descent, and landing compared well (within 1σ) of the envelope of modeled temperature profiles and the expected surface pressure. Orbital estimates of thermal inertia are similar to surface radiometer measurements, and materials at the surface are dominated by poorly consolidated sand as expected. Thin coatings of bright atmospheric dust on the surface were as indicated by orbital albedo and dust cover index measurements. Orbital estimates of rock abundance from shadow measurements in high-resolution images and thermal differencing indicated very low rock abundance and surface counts show 1-4% area covered by rocks. Slopes at 100 to 5 m length scale measured from orbital topographic and radar data correctly indicated a surface comparably smooth and flat as the two smoothest landing sites (Opportunity and Phoenix). Thermal inertia and radar data indicated the surface would be load bearing as found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - D. Kass
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - N. Williams
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - N. Warner
- Department of Geological SciencesState University of New York College at GeneseoGeneseoNYUSA
| | - I. Daubar
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Earth, Environmental, and Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | - S. Piqueux
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - C. Charalambous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - W. T. Pike
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Abstract
The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) spacecraft landed successfully on Mars and imaged the surface to characterize the surficial geology. Here we report on the geology and subsurface structure of the landing site to aid in situ geophysical investigations. InSight landed in a degraded impact crater in Elysium Planitia on a smooth sandy, granule- and pebble-rich surface with few rocks. Superposed impact craters are common and eolian bedforms are sparse. During landing, pulsed retrorockets modified the surface to reveal a near surface stratigraphy of surficial dust, over thin unconsolidated sand, underlain by a variable thickness duricrust, with poorly sorted, unconsolidated sand with rocks beneath. Impact, eolian, and mass wasting processes have dominantly modified the surface. Surface observations are consistent with expectations made from remote sensing data prior to landing indicating a surface composed of an impact-fragmented regolith overlying basaltic lava flows. The InSight spacecraft landed on Mars on November 2018. Here, the authors characterize the surficial geology of the landing site and compare with observations and models derived from remote sensing data prior to landing and from ongoing in situ geophysical investigations of the subsurface.
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Kereszturi A, Kapui Z, Ori GG, Taj-Eddine K, Ujvari G. Mars-Relevant Field Experiences in Morocco: The Importance of Spatial Scales and Subsurface Exploration. ASTROBIOLOGY 2018; 18:1329-1350. [PMID: 30251874 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During field work at the Ibn Battuta Mars analogue sites, two research questions were analyzed: (1) How do we identify sampling sites using remote and local imaging and (2) what kind of information can be gained from shallow subsurface exploration? While remote images help in targeting field activities in general, the connection between observations at different spatial scales for different rocky desert terrain types is not well established; in this, focused comparison of remote in situ images of well-selected analogues would help a great deal. Dried up lake beds as discerned in remotely acquired data may not show signatures of past water activity, while shallow subsurface exploration could reveal the lacustrine period. Acquisition of several satellite images of the same terrain under different geometries would help to support the planning of such in situ work. The selection of appropriate sampling sites in fluvial settings could be improved by analyzing long, meter-high, open-air outcrops that formed during most recent fluvial episodes. Such settings are abundant on Earth and could be present on Mars but may be just below the resolution of available data. By using 20-30-cm-deep excavations, shallow subsurface exploration could reveal the last period of geological history that would have been unattainable by surface observation alone. Aggregates embedded in the original strata or from heavily pulverized samples could not be identified; only weakly fragmented samples viewed right after acquisition showed aggregates, and thus, the Close-Up Imager (CLUPI) on the ExoMover might provide information on cementation-related aggregation on the observing plate before crushing. The mechanical separation of different size grains (mainly clays and attached minerals) would also support the identification of individual components. To maximize context information during subsurface exploration, rover imaging should be accomplished before crushing; however, currently planned imaging may not be ideal for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Kereszturi
- 1 Konkoly Thege Miklos Astronomical Institute , Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kapui
- 2 Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research , Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gian Gabrielle Ori
- 3 Ibn Battuta Centre, Cadi Ayyad University , Marrakech, Morocco
- 4 International Research School on Planetary Sciences , Pescara, Italy
| | - Kamal Taj-Eddine
- 3 Ibn Battuta Centre, Cadi Ayyad University , Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Gabor Ujvari
- 2 Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research , Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Biesiadecki JJ, Leger PC, Maimone MW. Tradeoffs Between Directed and Autonomous Driving on the Mars Exploration Rovers. Int J Rob Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0278364907073777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) have collected a great diversity of geological science results, thanks in large part to their surface mobility capabilities. The six wheel rocker/bogie mobility system provides driving capabilities in a range of terrain types, while the onboard IMU measures actual rover attitude changes (roll, pitch and yaw, but not position) quickly and accurately. Four stereo camera pairs provide accurate position knowledge and/or terrain assessment. Solar panels generally provide enough energy to drive the vehicle for at most four hours each day, but drive time is often restricted by other planned activities. Driving along slopes in nonhomogeneous terrain injects unpredictable amounts of slip into each drive. These restrictions led to the creation of driving strategies that alternately use more or less onboard autonomy, to maximize drive speed and distance at the cost of increased complexity in the sequences of commands built by human Rover Planners each day. Commands to the MER vehicles are typically transmitted at most once per day, so mobility operations are encoded as event-driven sequences of individual motion commands. Motions may be commanded using quickly-executing Directed commands which perform only reactive motion safety checks (e.g., real-time current limits, maximum instantaneous vehicle tilt limit), slowly-executing position measuring Visual Odometry (VisOdom) commands, which use images to accurately update the onboard position estimate, or slow-to-medium speed Autonomous Navigation (AutoNav) commands, which use onboard image processing to perform predictive terrain safety checks and optional autonomous Path Selection. In total, the MER rovers have driven more than 10 kilometers over Martian terrain during their first 21 months of operation using these basic modes. In this paper we describe the strategies adopted for selecting between human-planned Directed drives versus rover-adaptive Autonomous Navigation, Visual Odometry and Path Selection drives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Chris Leger
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Mark W. Maimone
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA,
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10
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An Alternative Approach to Mapping Thermophysical Units from Martian Thermal Inertia and Albedo Data Using a Combination of Unsupervised Classification Techniques. REMOTE SENSING 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/rs6065184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Heet TL, Arvidson RE, Cull SC, Mellon MT, Seelos KD. Geomorphic and geologic settings of the Phoenix Lander mission landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Golombek MP, Huertas A, Marlow J, McGrane B, Klein C, Martinez M, Arvidson RE, Heet T, Barry L, Seelos K, Adams D, Li W, Matijevic JR, Parker T, Sizemore HG, Mellon M, McEwen AS, Tamppari LK, Cheng Y. Size-frequency distributions of rocks on the northern plains of Mars with special reference to Phoenix landing surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Arvidson R, Adams D, Bonfiglio G, Christensen P, Cull S, Golombek M, Guinn J, Guinness E, Heet T, Kirk R, Knudson A, Malin M, Mellon M, McEwen A, Mushkin A, Parker T, Seelos F, Seelos K, Smith P, Spencer D, Stein T, Tamppari L. Mars Exploration Program 2007 Phoenix landing site selection and characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Ehlmann BL, Viles HA, Bourke MC. Quantitative morphologic analysis of boulder shape and surface texture to infer environmental history: A case study of rock breakdown at the Ephrata Fan, Channeled Scabland, Washington. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jf000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Leask HJ, Wilson L, Mitchell KL. Formation of Mangala Valles outflow channel, Mars: Morphological development and water discharge and duration estimates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald J. Leask
- Planetary Science Research Group, Environmental Science Department; Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
| | - Lionel Wilson
- Planetary Science Research Group, Environmental Science Department; Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
| | - Karl L. Mitchell
- Planetary Science Research Group, Environmental Science Department; Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University; Lancaster UK
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
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16
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Southard L, Hoeg TM, Palmer DW, Antol J, Kolacinski RM, Quinn RD. Exploring Mars Using a Group of Tumbleweed Rovers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1109/robot.2007.363080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Maimone M, Cheng Y, Matthies L. Two years of Visual Odometry on the Mars Exploration Rovers. J FIELD ROBOT 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/rob.20184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Golombek MP, Crumpler LS, Grant JA, Greeley R, Cabrol NA, Parker TJ, Rice JW, Ward JG, Arvidson RE, Moersch JE, Fergason RL, Christensen PR, Castaño A, Castaño R, Haldemann AFC, Li R, Bell JF, Squyres SW. Geology of the Gusev cratered plains from the Spirit rover transverse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. S. Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | | | - R. Greeley
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - N. A. Cabrol
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - T. J. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. G. Ward
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - J. E. Moersch
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - R. L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - A. Castaño
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Castaño
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science; Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ellery
- Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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20
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Grant JA, Arvidson R, Bell JF, Cabrol NA, Carr MH, Christensen P, Crumpler L, Des Marais DJ, Ehlmann BL, Farmer J, Golombek M, Grant FD, Greeley R, Herkenhoff K, Li R, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch J, Rice JW, Ruff S, Richter L, Squyres S, Sullivan R, Weitz C. Surficial Deposits at Gusev Crater Along Spirit Rover Traverses. Science 2004; 305:807-10. [PMID: 15297659 DOI: 10.1126/science.1099849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has traversed a fairly flat, rock-strewn terrain whose surface is shaped primarily by impact events, although some of the landscape has been altered by eolian processes. Impacts ejected basaltic rocks that probably were part of locally formed lava flows from at least 10 meters depth. Some rocks have been textured and/or partially buried by windblown sediments less than 2 millimeters in diameter that concentrate within shallow, partially filled, circular impact depressions referred to as hollows. The terrain traversed during the 90-sol (martian solar day) nominal mission shows no evidence for an ancient lake in Gusev crater.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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21
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Wilson L. Mars outflow channels: A reappraisal of the estimation of water flow velocities from water depths, regional slopes, and channel floor properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Golombek MP, Grant JA, Parker TJ, Kass DM, Crisp JA, Squyres SW, Haldemann AFC, Adler M, Lee WJ, Bridges NT, Arvidson RE, Carr MH, Kirk RL, Knocke PC, Roncoli RB, Weitz CM, Schofield JT, Zurek RW, Christensen PR, Fergason RL, Anderson FS, Rice JW. Selection of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. A. Grant
- Center for Earth and Planetary Studies; National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution; Washington DC USA
| | - T. J. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - D. M. Kass
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. A. Crisp
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Adler
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - W. J. Lee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. T. Bridges
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - M. H. Carr
- U.S. Geological Survey; Menlo Park California USA
| | - R. L. Kirk
- U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - P. C. Knocke
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. B. Roncoli
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - J. T. Schofield
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. W. Zurek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - R. L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - F. S. Anderson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - J. W. Rice
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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23
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Golombek MP, Haldemann AFC, Forsberg-Taylor NK, DiMaggio EN, Schroeder RD, Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Matijevic JR. Rock size-frequency distributions on Mars and implications for Mars Exploration Rover landing safety and operations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. K. Forsberg-Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - E. N. DiMaggio
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - R. D. Schroeder
- Department of Geology; California State University; Bakersfield California USA
| | - B. M. Jakosky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. T. Mellon
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. R. Matijevic
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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24
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Greeley R. Terrestrial analogs to wind-related features at the Viking and Pathfinder landing sites on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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26
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Basilevsky AT, Markiewicz WJ, Thomas N, Keller HU. Morphologies of rocks within and near the Rock Garden at the Mars Pathfinder landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Golombek MP, Moore HJ, Haldemann AFC, Parker TJ, Schofield JT. Assessment of Mars Pathfinder landing site predictions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Golombek MP, Cook RA, Economou T, Folkner WM, Haldemann AF, Kallemeyn PH, Knudsen JM, Manning RM, Moore HJ, Parker TJ, Rieder R, Schofield JT, Smith PH, Vaughan RM. Overview of the Mars Pathfinder mission and assessment of landing site predictions. Science 1997; 278:1743-8. [PMID: 9388167 DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5344.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analyses returned by Mars Pathfinder indicate that some rocks may be high in silica, implying differentiated parent materials. Rounded pebbles and cobbles and a possible conglomerate suggest fluvial processes that imply liquid water in equilibrium with the atmosphere and thus a warmer and wetter past. The moment of inertia indicates a central metallic core of 1300 to 2000 kilometers in radius. Composite airborne dust particles appear magnetized by freeze-dried maghemite stain or cement that may have been leached from crustal materials by an active hydrologic cycle. Remote-sensing data at a scale of generally greater than approximately 1 kilometer and an Earth analog correctly predicted a rocky plain safe for landing and roving with a variety of rocks deposited by catastrophic floods that are relatively dust-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
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Rice JW, Edgett KS. Catastrophic flood sediments in Chryse Basin, Mars, and Quincy Basin, Washington: Application of sandar facies model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Golombek MP, Cook RA, Moore HJ, Parker TJ. Selection of the Mars Pathfinder landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Edgett KS, Christensen PR. Rocks and aeolian features in the Mars Pathfinder landing site region: Viking infrared thermal mapper observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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