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Santalices D, Martínez-García M, Belmar J, Benito D, Briz S, Meléndez J, de Castro AJ. Calibration of a Dust Scattering Instrument Using Tomographic Techniques and Its Application to a Dust Sensor Instrument. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115036. [PMID: 37299764 DOI: 10.3390/s23115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of suspended dust near the Martian surface is extremely relevant to understand the climate of Mars. In this frame, a Dust Sensor instrument, an infrared device designed to obtain the effective parameters of Martian dust using the scattering properties of the dust particles, was developed. The purpose of this article is to present a novel methodology to calculate, from experimental data, an instrumental function of the Dust Sensor that allows solving the direct problem and providing the signal that this instrument would provide given a distribution of particles. The experimental method is based on recording the signal measured when a Lambertian reflector is gradually introduced into the interaction volume at different distances from the detector and source and applying tomography techniques (inverse Radon transform) to obtain the image of a section of the interaction volume. This method provides a complete mapping of the interaction volume experimentally, which determines the Wf function. The method was applied to solve a specific case study. Among the advantages of this method, it should be noted that it avoids assumptions and idealizations of the dimensions of the volume of interaction and reduces the time required to carry out simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santalices
- LIR-Infrared Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
- Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateo Martínez-García
- LIR-Infrared Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Jesús Belmar
- LIR-Infrared Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Daniel Benito
- LIR-Infrared Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Susana Briz
- LIR-Infrared Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Juan Meléndez
- LIR-Infrared Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Antonio J de Castro
- LIR-Infrared Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Spain
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2
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Ding T, Deng Z, Hou X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li M, Li M. Investigation on the simulation approach for Martian rarefied aeolian activities based on discrete element method. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS): Current Status and Future Directions. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) is closing in on two decades of use as a tool to investigate mesoscale and microscale circulations and dynamics in the atmosphere of Mars. Over this period of time, there have been numerous improvements and additions to the model dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and framework. At the same time, the application of the model to Mars (and related code for other planets) has taught many lessons about limitations and cautions that should be exercised. The current state of MRAMS is described along with a review of prior studies and findings utilizing the model. Where appropriate, lessons learned are provided to help guide future users and aid in the design and interpretation of numerical experiments. The paper concludes with a discussion of future MRAMS development plans.
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Heavens NG. An Observational Overview of Dusty Deep Convection in Martian Dust Storms. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2019; 76:3299-3326. [PMID: 32848258 PMCID: PMC7446947 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-19-0042.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deep convection, as used in meteorology, refers to the rapid ascent of air parcels in the Earth's troposphere driven by the buoyancy generated by phase change in water. Deep convection undergirds some of the Earth's most important and violent weather phenomena and is responsible for many aspects of the observed distribution of energy, momentum, and constituents (particularly water) in the Earth's atmosphere. Deep convection driven by buoyancy generated by the radiative heating of atmospheric dust may be similarly important in the atmosphere of Mars but lacks a systematic description. Here we propose a comprehensive framework for this phenomenon of dusty deep convection (DDC) that is supported by energetic calculations and observations of the vertical dust distribution and exemplary dusty deep convective structures within local, regional, and global dust storm activity. In this framework, DDC is distinct from a spectrum of weaker dusty convective activity because DDC originates from pre-existing or concurrently forming mesoscale circulations that generate high surface dust fluxes, oppose large-scale horizontal advective-diffusive processes, and are thus able to maintain higher dust concentrations than typically simulated. DDC takes two distinctive forms. Mesoscale circulations that form near Mars's highest volcanoes in dust storms of all scales can transport dust to the base of the upper atmosphere in as little as two hours. In the second distinctive form, mesoscale circulations at low elevations within regional and global dust storm activity generate freely convecting streamers of dust that are sheared into the middle atmosphere over the diurnal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Heavens
- Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado
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Heavens N. Textured Dust Storm Activity in NE Amazonis-SW Arcadia, Mars: Phenomenology and Dynamical Interpretation. JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES 2017; 74:1011-1037. [PMID: 32855571 PMCID: PMC7449148 DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-16-0211.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dust storms are Mars's most notable meteorological phenomenon, but many aspects of their structure and dynamics remain mysterious. The cloud-top appearance of dust storms in visible imagery varies on a continuum between diffuse/hazy and textured. Textured storms contain cellular structure and/or banding, which is thought to indicate active lifting within the storm. Some textured dust storms may contain the deep convection that generates the detached dust layers observed high in Mars's atmosphere. This study focuses on textured, local dust storms in a limited area within NE Amazonis and SW Arcadia Planitiae (25°-40° N,155°-165° W) using collocated observations by instruments on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) satellites. In northern fall and winter, this area frequently experiences dust storms with a previously unreported ruffled texture that resembles wide, mixed-layer rolls in the Earth's atmosphere, a resemblance that is supported by high resolution active sounding and passive radiometry in both the near and thermal infrared. These storms are mostly confined within the atmospheric boundary layer and are rarely sources of detached dust layers. The climatology and structure of these storms is thus consistent with an underlying driver of cold air advection events related to the passage of strong baroclinic waves. While the properties of the studied region may be ideal for detecting these structures and processes, the dynamics here are likely relevant to dust storm activity elsewhere on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.G. Heavens
- Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
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Read PL, Lewis SR, Mulholland DP. The physics of Martian weather and climate: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:125901. [PMID: 26534887 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/125901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The planet Mars hosts an atmosphere that is perhaps the closest in terms of its meteorology and climate to that of the Earth. But Mars differs from Earth in its greater distance from the Sun, its smaller size, its lack of liquid oceans and its thinner atmosphere, composed mainly of CO(2). These factors give Mars a rather different climate to that of the Earth. In this article we review various aspects of the martian climate system from a physicist's viewpoint, focusing on the processes that control the martian environment and comparing these with corresponding processes on Earth. These include the radiative and thermodynamical processes that determine the surface temperature and vertical structure of the atmosphere, the fluid dynamics of its atmospheric motions, and the key cycles of mineral dust and volatile transport. In many ways, the climate of Mars is as complicated and diverse as that of the Earth, with complex nonlinear feedbacks that affect its response to variations in external forcing. Recent work has shown that the martian climate is anything but static, but is almost certainly in a continual state of transient response to slowly varying insolation associated with cyclic variations in its orbit and rotation. We conclude with a discussion of the physical processes underlying these long- term climate variations on Mars, and an overview of some of the most intriguing outstanding problems that should be a focus for future observational and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Read
- Atmospheric, Oceanic & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
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7
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Vandaele AC, Willame Y, Depiesse C, Thomas IR, Robert S, Bolsée D, Patel MR, Mason JP, Leese M, Lesschaeve S, Antoine P, Daerden F, Delanoye S, Drummond R, Neefs E, Ristic B, Lopez-Moreno JJ, Bellucci G, Team N. Optical and radiometric models of the NOMAD instrument part I: the UVIS channel. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:30028-30042. [PMID: 26698484 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The NOMAD instrument has been designed to best fulfil the science objectives of the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter mission that will be launched in 2016. The instrument is a combination of three channels that cover the UV, visible and IR spectral ranges and can perform solar occultation, nadir and limb observations. In this series of two papers, we present the optical models representing the three channels of the instrument and use them to determine signal to noise levels for different observation modes and Martian conditions. In this first part, we focus on the UVIS channel, which will sound the Martian atmosphere using nadir and solar occultation viewing modes, covering the 200-650nm spectral range. High SNR levels (>1000) can easily be reached for wavelengths higher than 300nm both in solar occultation and nadir modes when considering binning. Below 300nm SNR are lower primarily because of the lower signal and the impact of atmospheric absorption.
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Kinch KM, Bell JF, Goetz W, Johnson JR, Joseph J, Madsen MB, Sohl-Dickstein J. Dust deposition on the decks of the Mars Exploration Rovers: 10 years of dust dynamics on the Panoramic Camera calibration targets. EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2015; 2:144-172. [PMID: 27981072 PMCID: PMC5125412 DOI: 10.1002/2014ea000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Panoramic Cameras on NASA's Mars Exploration Rovers have each returned more than 17,000 images of their calibration targets. In order to make optimal use of this data set for reflectance calibration, a correction must be made for the presence of air fall dust. Here we present an improved dust correction procedure based on a two-layer scattering model, and we present a dust reflectance spectrum derived from long-term trends in the data set. The dust on the calibration targets appears brighter than dusty areas of the Martian surface. We derive detailed histories of dust deposition and removal revealing two distinct environments: At the Spirit landing site, half the year is dominated by dust deposition, the other half by dust removal, usually in brief, sharp events. At the Opportunity landing site the Martian year has a semiannual dust cycle with dust removal happening gradually throughout two removal seasons each year. The highest observed optical depth of settled dust on the calibration target is 1.5 on Spirit and 1.1 on Opportunity (at 601 nm). We derive a general prediction for dust deposition rates of 0.004 ± 0.001 in units of surface optical depth deposited per sol (Martian solar day) per unit atmospheric optical depth. We expect this procedure to lead to improved reflectance-calibration of the Panoramic Camera data set. In addition, it is easily adapted to similar data sets from other missions in order to deliver improved reflectance calibration as well as data on dust reflectance properties and deposition and removal history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjartan M Kinch
- Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - James F Bell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Walter Goetz
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen Germany
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Jonathan Joseph
- Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Morten Bo Madsen
- Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jascha Sohl-Dickstein
- Neural Dynamics and Computation Laboratory Stanford University Stanford California USA
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9
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Madeleine JB, Forget F, Millour E, Montabone L, Wolff MJ. Revisiting the radiative impact of dust on Mars using the LMD Global Climate Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011je003855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Appéré T, Schmitt B, Langevin Y, Douté S, Pommerol A, Forget F, Spiga A, Gondet B, Bibring JP. Winter and spring evolution of northern seasonal deposits on Mars from OMEGA on Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Wolff MJ, Smith MD, Clancy RT, Arvidson R, Kahre M, Seelos F, Murchie S, Savijärvi H. Wavelength dependence of dust aerosol single scattering albedo as observed by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Towner MC. Characteristics of large Martian dust devils using Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System visual and infrared images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Davy R, Taylor PA, Weng W, Li PY. A model of dust in the Martian lower atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Pathak J, Michelangeli DV, Komguem L, Whiteway J, Tamppari LK. Simulating Martian boundary layer water ice clouds and the lidar measurements for the Phoenix mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Inada A, Garcia-Comas M, Altieri F, Gwinner K, Poulet F, Bellucci G, Keller HU, Markiewicz WJ, Richardson MI, Hoekzema N, Neukum G, Bibring JP. Dust haze in Valles Marineris observed by HRSC and OMEGA on board Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Forget F, Spiga A, Dolla B, Vinatier S, Melchiorri R, Drossart P, Gendrin A, Bibring JP, Langevin Y, Gondet B. Remote sensing of surface pressure on Mars with the Mars Express/OMEGA spectrometer: 1. Retrieval method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Forget
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - Aymeric Spiga
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
| | - Bastien Dolla
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace; Paris France
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17
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Langevin Y, Bibring JP, Montmessin F, Forget F, Vincendon M, Douté S, Poulet F, Gondet B. Observations of the south seasonal cap of Mars during recession in 2004-2006 by the OMEGA visible/near-infrared imaging spectrometer on board Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - J.-P. Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - F. Montmessin
- Service d'Aéronomie; CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - F. Forget
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - M. Vincendon
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - S. Douté
- Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble; CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble France
| | - F. Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - B. Gondet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
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18
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Vincendon M, Langevin Y, Poulet F, Bibring JP, Gondet B. Recovery of surface reflectance spectra and evaluation of the optical depth of aerosols in the near-IR using a Monte Carlo approach: Application to the OMEGA observations of high-latitude regions of Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vincendon
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - Y. Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - F. Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - J.-P. Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
| | - B. Gondet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale; CNRS/Université Paris Sud; Orsay France
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Rontó G, Bérces A, Lammer H, Cockell CS, Molina-Cuberos GJ, Patel MR, Selsis F. Solar UV Irradiation Conditions on the Surface of Mars¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770034suicot2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Kinch KM, Sohl-Dickstein J, Bell JF, Johnson JR, Goetz W, Landis GA. Dust deposition on the Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (Pancam) calibration targets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Wolff MJ, Smith MD, Clancy RT, Spanovich N, Whitney BA, Lemmon MT, Bandfield JL, Banfield D, Ghosh A, Landis G, Christensen PR, Bell JF, Squyres SW. Constraints on dust aerosols from the Mars Exploration Rovers using MGS overflights and Mini-TES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Wolff
- Space Science Institute; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. D. Smith
- Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - N. Spanovich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - M. T. Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - J. L. Bandfield
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - D. Banfield
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - A. Ghosh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tennessee; Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - G. Landis
- Photovoltaics and Space Environment Branch; NASA John Glenn Research Center; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - P. R. Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - S. W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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Johnson JR, Sohl-Dickstein J, Grundy WM, Arvidson RE, Bell J, Christensen P, Graff T, Guinness EA, Kinch K, Morris R, Shepard MK. Radiative transfer modeling of dust-coated Pancam calibration target materials: Laboratory visible/near-infrared spectrogoniometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - James Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Phil Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Trevor Graff
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Edward A. Guinness
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Kjartan Kinch
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | - Michael K. Shepard
- Department of Geography and Geosciences; Bloomsburg University; Bloomsburg Pennsylvania USA
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Rannou P, Perrier S, Bertaux JL, Montmessin F, Korablev O, Rébérac A. Dust and cloud detection at the Mars limb with UV scattered sunlight with SPICAM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Bell JF, Savransky D, Wolff MJ. Chromaticity of the Martian sky as observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Pancam instruments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - D. Savransky
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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25
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Langevin Y, Douté S, Vincendon M, Poulet F, Bibring JP, Gondet B, Schmitt B, Forget F. No signature of clear CO2 ice from the ‘cryptic’ regions in Mars' south seasonal polar cap. Nature 2006; 442:790-2. [PMID: 16915283 DOI: 10.1038/nature05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal polar ice caps of Mars are composed mainly of CO2 ice. A region of low (< 30%) albedo has been observed within the south seasonal cap during early to mid-spring. The low temperature of this 'cryptic region' has been attributed to a clear slab of nearly pure CO2 ice, with the low albedo resulting from absorption by the underlying surface. Here we report near-infrared imaging spectroscopy of the south seasonal cap. The deep and broad CO2 absorption bands that are expected in the near-infrared with a thick transparent slab of CO2 ice are not observed. Models of the observed spectra indicate that the low albedo results from extensive dust contamination close to the surface of a CO2 ice layer, which could be linked to atmospheric circulation patterns. The strength of the CO2 absorption increases after mid-spring, so part of the dust is either carried away or buried more deeply in the ice layer during the CO2 ice sublimation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Langevin
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Université Paris XI, Orsay Campus, 91405, France.
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Montmessin F, Quémerais E, Bertaux JL, Korablev O, Rannou P, Lebonnois S. Stellar occultations at UV wavelengths by the SPICAM instrument: Retrieval and analysis of Martian haze profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Korablev O, Bertaux JL, Fedorova A, Fonteyn D, Stepanov A, Kalinnikov Y, Kiselev A, Grigoriev A, Jegoulev V, Perrier S, Dimarellis E, Dubois JP, Reberac A, Van Ransbeeck E, Gondet B, Montmessin F, Rodin A. SPICAM IR acousto-optic spectrometer experiment on Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Perrier S, Bertaux JL, Lefèvre F, Lebonnois S, Korablev O, Fedorova A, Montmessin F. Global distribution of total ozone on Mars from SPICAM/MEX UV measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fedorova A, Korablev O, Bertaux JL, Rodin A, Kiselev A, Perrier S. Mars water vapor abundance from SPICAM IR spectrometer: Seasonal and geographic distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Takahashi YO, Fujiwara H, Fukunishi H. Vertical and latitudinal structure of the migrating diurnal tide in the Martian atmosphere: Numerical investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hartogh P, Medvedev AS, Kuroda T, Saito R, Villanueva G, Feofilov AG, Kutepov AA, Berger U. Description and climatology of a new general circulation model of the Martian atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bell JF, Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Arneson HM, Bass D, Blaney D, Cabrol N, Calvin W, Farmer J, Farrand WH, Goetz W, Golombek M, Grant JA, Greeley R, Guinness E, Hayes AG, Hubbard MYH, Herkenhoff KE, Johnson MJ, Johnson JR, Joseph J, Kinch KM, Lemmon MT, Li R, Madsen MB, Maki JN, Malin M, McCartney E, McLennan S, McSween HY, Ming DW, Moersch JE, Morris RV, Dobrea EZN, Parker TJ, Proton J, Rice JW, Seelos F, Soderblom J, Soderblom LA, Sohl-Dickstein JN, Sullivan RJ, Wolff MJ, Wang A. Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit Rover at Gusev Crater. Science 2004; 305:800-6. [PMID: 15297658 DOI: 10.1126/science.1100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Panoramic Camera images at Gusev crater reveal a rock-strewn surface interspersed with high- to moderate-albedo fine-grained deposits occurring in part as drifts or in small circular swales or hollows. Optically thick coatings of fine-grained ferric iron-rich dust dominate most bright soil and rock surfaces. Spectra of some darker rock surfaces and rock regions exposed by brushing or grinding show near-infrared spectral signatures consistent with the presence of mafic silicates such as pyroxene or olivine. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission, and astronomical observations captured solar transits by the martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, as well as a view of Earth from the martian surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bell
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA.
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Patel MR, Bérces A, Kerékgyárto T, Rontó G, Lammer H, Zarnecki JC. Annual solar UV exposure and biological effective dose rates on the Martian surface. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2004; 33:1247-1252. [PMID: 15803610 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) environment of Mars has been investigated to gain an understanding of the variation of exposure throughout a Martian year, and link this flux to biological effects and possible survival of organisms at the Martian surface. To gain an idea of how the solar UV radiation varies between different regions, including planned landing sites of two future Mars surface missions, we modelled the total solar UV surface flux throughout one Martian year for two different dust scenarios. To understand the degree of solar UV stress on micro-organisms and/or molecules essential for life on the surface of Mars, we also calculated the biologically effective dose (BED) for T7 and Uracil in relevant wavelength regions at the Martian surface as a function of season and latitude, and discuss the biological survival rates in the presence of Martian solar UV radiation. High T7/Uracil BED ratios indicate that even at high latitudes where the UV flux is significantly reduced, the radiation environment is still hostile for life due to the persisting UV-C component of the flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Patel
- Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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Squyres SW, Arvidson RE, Baumgartner ET, Bell JF, Christensen PR, Gorevan S, Herkenhoff KE, Klingelhöfer G, Madsen MB, Morris RV, Rieder R, Romero RA. Athena Mars rover science investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Squyres
- Center for Radiophysics and Space Research; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | | | | | | | - Göstar Klingelhöfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
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Nousiainen T. Scattering of light by large Saharan dust particles in a modified ray optics approximation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wolff MJ. Constraints on the size of Martian aerosols from Thermal Emission Spectrometer observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Colaprete A. Formation of convective carbon dioxide clouds near the south pole of Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Clancy RT. Mars aerosol studies with the MGS TES emission phase function observations: Optical depths, particle sizes, and ice cloud types versus latitude and solar longitude. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Montmessin F. New insights into Martian dust distribution and water-ice cloud microphysics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001je001520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sullivan R, Thomas P, Veverka J, Malin M, Edgett KS. Mass movement slope streaks imaged by the Mars Orbiter Camera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Malin MC, Bell JF, Calvin W, Clancy RT, Haberle RM, James PB, Lee SW, Thomas PC, Caplinger MA. Mars Color Imager (MARCI) on the Mars Climate Orbiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kieffer HH, Titus TN, Mullins KF, Christensen PR. Mars south polar spring and summer behavior observed by TES: Seasonal cap evolution controlled by frost grain size. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clancy RT, Sandor BJ, Wolff MJ, Christensen PR, Smith MD, Pearl JC, Conrath BJ, Wilson RJ. An intercomparison of ground-based millimeter, MGS TES, and Viking atmospheric temperature measurements: Seasonal and interannual variability of temperatures and dust loading in the global Mars atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Toigo AD, Richardson MI. Seasonal variation of aerosols in the Martian atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Forget F, Hourdin F, Fournier R, Hourdin C, Talagrand O, Collins M, Lewis SR, Read PL, Huot JP. Improved general circulation models of the Martian atmosphere from the surface to above 80 km. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tomasko MG, Doose LR, Lemmon M, Smith PH, Wegryn E. Properties of dust in the Martian atmosphere from the Imager on Mars Pathfinder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith PH, Lemmon M. Opacity of the Martian atmosphere measured by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Markiewicz WJ, Sablotny RM, Keller HU, Thomas N, Titov D, Smith PH. Optical properties of the Martian aerosols as derived from Imager for Mars Pathfinder midday sky brightness data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Colaprete A, Toon OB, Magalhães JA. Cloud formation under Mars Pathfinder conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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