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Abstract
One of the most promising methods of research in solar–terrestrial physics is the comparison of the responses of the magnetosphere–ionosphere–atmosphere system to various types of interplanetary disturbances (so-called “interplanetary drivers”). Numerous studies have shown that different types of drivers result in different reactions of the system for identical variations in the interplanetary magnetic field. In particular, the sheaths—compression regions before fast interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs)—have higher efficiency in terms of the generation of magnetic storms than ICMEs. The growing popularity of this method of research is accompanied by the growth of incorrect methodological approaches in such studies. These errors can be divided into four main classes: (i) using incorrect data with the identification of driver types published in other studies; (ii) using incorrect methods to identify the types of drivers and, as a result, misclassify the causes of magnetospheric-ionospheric disturbances; (iii) ignoring a frequent case with a complex, composite, nature of the driver (the presence of a sequence of several simple drivers) and matching the system response with only one of the drivers; for example, a magnetic storm is often generated by a sheath in front of ICME, although the authors consider these events to be a so-called “CME-induced” storm, rather than a “sheath-induced” storm; (iv) ignoring the compression regions before the fast CME in the case when there is no interplanetary shock (IS) in front of the compression region (“sheath without IS” or the so-called “lost driver”), although this type of driver generates about 10% of moderate and large magnetic storms. Possible ways of solving this problem are discussed.
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Moriña D, Serra I, Puig P, Corral Á. Probability estimation of a Carrington-like geomagnetic storm. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2393. [PMID: 30787360 PMCID: PMC6382914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense geomagnetic storms can cause severe damage to electrical systems and communications. This work proposes a counting process with Weibull inter-occurrence times in order to estimate the probability of extreme geomagnetic events. It is found that the scale parameter of the inter-occurrence time distribution grows exponentially with the absolute value of the intensity threshold defining the storm, whereas the shape parameter keeps rather constant. The model is able to forecast the probability of occurrence of an event for a given intensity threshold; in particular, the probability of occurrence on the next decade of an extreme event of a magnitude comparable or larger than the well-known Carrington event of 1859 is explored, and estimated to be between 0.46% and 1.88% (with a 95% confidence), a much lower value than those reported in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moriña
- Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Unit of Infections and Cancer - Information and Interventions (UNIC - I&I), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program (CERP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Serra
- Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Supercomputing Center, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Corral
- Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics (BGSMath), Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straβe 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria
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Wanliss J, Cornélissen G, Halberg F, Brown D, Washington B. Superposed epoch analysis of physiological fluctuations: possible space weather connections. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:449-457. [PMID: 29030696 PMCID: PMC6538039 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong connection between space weather and fluctuations in technological systems. Some studies also suggest a statistical connection between space weather and subsequent fluctuations in the physiology of living creatures. This connection, however, has remained controversial and difficult to demonstrate. Here we present support for a response of human physiology to forcing from the explosive onset of the largest of space weather events-space storms. We consider a case study with over 16 years of high temporal resolution measurements of human blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) and heart rate variability to search for associations with space weather. We find no statistically significant change in human blood pressure but a statistically significant drop in heart rate during the main phase of space storms. Our empirical findings shed light on how human physiology may respond to exogenous space weather forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wanliss
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC, USA.
| | - Germaine Cornélissen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Franz Halberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Denzel Brown
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC, USA
| | - Brien Washington
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC, USA
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Kamide Y. What human being cannot see can exist: a message from recent studies of solar-terrestrial relationships. Biomed Pharmacother 2003; 57 Suppl 1:19s-23s. [PMID: 14572672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2003.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Without the Sun, there would be no life on the Earth. Life was created on this planet in such a way that it "matches" with the natural environment and was further evolved through the physical/chemical processes, which reflect the state of the planet. This paper demonstrates that because of the existence of two barriers the Earth possesses, i.e. the atmosphere and the magnetic field, we are peacefully sitting on this planet and are not aware everyday of a number of potentially dangerous episodes that are taking place only 100 km above the Earth's surface. The aurora in the polar sky is one of the visible manifestations of the variability of the solar-terrestrial environment. It is imperative to realize, however, that what we cannot see by human eyes does not mean that they do not exist in reality. For example, during the solar declining phase in terms of visible indicators, such as sunspots on the Sun, geomagnetic activity resulting from invisible activity in the solar corona reaches a peak.
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Knipp DJ, Emery BA, Engebretson M, Li X, McAllister AH, Mukai T, Kokubun S, Reeves GD, Evans D, Obara T, Pi X, Rosenberg T, Weatherwax A, McHarg MG, Chun F, Mosely K, Codrescu M, Lanzerotti L, Rich FJ, Sharber J, Wilkinson P. An overview of the early November 1993 geomagnetic storm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kamide Y, Baumjohann W, Daglis IA, Gonzalez WD, Grande M, Joselyn JA, McPherron RL, Phillips JL, Reeves EGD, Rostoker G, Sharma AS, Singer HJ, Tsurutani BT, Vasyliunas VM. Current understanding of magnetic storms: Storm-substorm relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kamide Y, Yokoyama N, Gonzalez W, Tsurutani BT, Daglis IA, Brekke A, Masuda S. Two-step development of geomagnetic storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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