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Staples FA, Kellerman A, Murphy KR, Rae IJ, Sandhu JK, Forsyth C. Resolving Magnetopause Shadowing Using Multimission Measurements of Phase Space Density. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2022; 127:e2021JA029298. [PMID: 35864842 PMCID: PMC9286781 DOI: 10.1029/2021ja029298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Loss mechanisms act independently or in unison to drive rapid loss of electrons in the radiation belts. Electrons may be lost by precipitation into the Earth's atmosphere, or through the magnetopause into interplanetary space-a process known as magnetopause shadowing. While magnetopause shadowing is known to produce dropouts in electron flux, it is unclear if shadowing continues to remove particles in tandem with electron acceleration processes, limiting the overall flux increase. We investigated the contribution of shadowing to overall radiation belt fluxes throughout a geomagnetic storm starting on the 7 September 2017. We use new, multimission phase space density calculations to decipher electron dynamics during each storm phase and identify features of magnetopause shadowing during both the net-loss and the net-acceleration storm phases on sub-hour time scales. We also highlight two distinct types of shadowing; "direct," where electrons are lost as their orbit intersects the magnetopause, and "indirect," where electrons are lost through ULF wave driven radial transport toward the magnetopause boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. A. Staples
- Mullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Kellerman
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - I. J. Rae
- Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - C. Forsyth
- Mullard Space Science LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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2
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Archer MO, Hietala H, Hartinger MD, Plaschke F, Angelopoulos V. Direct observations of a surface eigenmode of the dayside magnetopause. Nat Commun 2019; 10:615. [PMID: 30755606 PMCID: PMC6372605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The abrupt boundary between a magnetosphere and the surrounding plasma, the magnetopause, has long been known to support surface waves. It was proposed that impulses acting on the boundary might lead to a trapping of these waves on the dayside by the ionosphere, resulting in a standing wave or eigenmode of the magnetopause surface. No direct observational evidence of this has been found to date and searches for indirect evidence have proved inconclusive, leading to speculation that this mechanism might not occur. By using fortuitous multipoint spacecraft observations during a rare isolated fast plasma jet impinging on the boundary, here we show that the resulting magnetopause motion and magnetospheric ultra-low frequency waves at well-defined frequencies are in agreement with and can only be explained by the magnetopause surface eigenmode. We therefore show through direct observations that this mechanism, which should impact upon the magnetospheric system globally, does in fact occur. Surface waves on the boundary between a magnetosphere and the surrounding plasma might get trapped by the ionosphere forming an eigenmode. Here, Archer et al. show direct observations of this proposed mechanism at Earth’s magnetosphere by analyzing the response to an isolated fast plasma jet detected by the THEMIS satellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Archer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK. .,Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - H Hietala
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East CA, 90095-1567, USA.,Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - M D Hartinger
- Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut St Suite 205, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Perry St, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - F Plaschke
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042, Graz, Austria
| | - V Angelopoulos
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East CA, 90095-1567, USA
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3
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Ukhorskiy AY, Sitnov MI, Millan RM, Kress BT, Fennell JF, Claudepierre SG, Barnes RJ. Global storm time depletion of the outer electron belt. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2015; 120:2543-2556. [PMID: 27656334 PMCID: PMC5014085 DOI: 10.1002/2014ja020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The outer radiation belt consists of relativistic (>0.5 MeV) electrons trapped on closed trajectories around Earth where the magnetic field is nearly dipolar. During increased geomagnetic activity, electron intensities in the belt can vary by orders of magnitude at different spatial and temporal scales. The main phase of geomagnetic storms often produces deep depletions of electron intensities over broad regions of the outer belt. Previous studies identified three possible processes that can contribute to the main-phase depletions: adiabatic inflation of electron drift orbits caused by the ring current growth, electron loss into the atmosphere, and electron escape through the magnetopause boundary. In this paper we investigate the relative importance of the adiabatic effect and magnetopause loss to the rapid depletion of the outer belt observed at the Van Allen Probes spacecraft during the main phase of 17 March 2013 storm. The intensities of >1 MeV electrons were depleted by more than an order of magnitude over the entire radial extent of the belt in less than 6 h after the sudden storm commencement. For the analysis we used three-dimensional test particle simulations of global evolution of the outer belt in the Tsyganenko-Sitnov (TS07D) magnetic field model with an inductive electric field. Comparison of the simulation results with electron measurements from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer experiment shows that magnetopause loss accounts for most of the observed depletion at L>5, while at lower L shells the depletion is adiabatic. Both magnetopause loss and the adiabatic effect are controlled by the change in global configuration of the magnetic field due to storm time development of the ring current; a simulation of electron evolution without a ring current produces a much weaker depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Ukhorskiy
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - M. I. Sitnov
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - R. M. Millan
- Department of Physics and AstronomyDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - B. T. Kress
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado at BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | | | | | - R. J. Barnes
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMarylandUSA
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4
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Schiller Q, Li X, Koller J, Godinez H, Turner DL. A parametric study of the source rate for outer radiation belt electrons using a Kalman filter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012ja017779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Kim KC, Shprits Y, Subbotin D, Ni B. Relativistic radiation belt electron responses to GEM magnetic storms: Comparison of CRRES observations with 3-D VERB simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja017460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Zou H, Zong QG, Parks GK, Pu ZY, Chen HF, Xie L. Response of high-energy protons of the inner radiation belt to large magnetic storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zou
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
- Space Science Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Qiu Gang Zong
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
- Center for Atmospheric Research; University of Massachusetts; Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - George K. Parks
- Space Science Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - Zu Yin Pu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Hong Fei Chen
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Lun Xie
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
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7
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Fu HS, Cao JB, Yang B, Lu HY. Electron loss and acceleration during storm time: The contribution of wave-particle interaction, radial diffusion, and transport processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. S. Fu
- School of Astronautics, Space Science Institute; Beihang University; Beijing China
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. B. Cao
- School of Astronautics, Space Science Institute; Beihang University; Beijing China
| | - B. Yang
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - H. Y. Lu
- School of Astronautics, Space Science Institute; Beihang University; Beijing China
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8
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Ganushkina NY, Dandouras I, Shprits YY, Cao J. Locations of boundaries of outer and inner radiation belts as observed by Cluster and Double Star. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja016376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Yu Ganushkina
- Finnish Meteorological Institute; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - I. Dandouras
- IRAP, UPS-OMP; University of Toulouse, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Y. Y. Shprits
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - J. Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, CSSAR, CAS; Beijing China
- School of Astronautics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Beijing China
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9
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Kim KC, Lee DY, Shprits Y, Kim HJ, Lee E. Electron flux changes in the outer radiation belt by radial diffusion during the storm recovery phase in comparison with the fully adiabatic evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chan Kim
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Dae-Young Lee
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju South Korea
| | - Yuri Shprits
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Kim
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Ensang Lee
- School of Space Research; Kyung-Hee University; Yongin South Korea
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10
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Borovsky JE, Cayton TE. Entropy mapping of the outer electron radiation belt between the magnetotail and geosynchronous orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Borovsky
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
- Department of Atmospheric Oceanic and Space Science; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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11
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Su Z, Xiao F, Zheng H, Wang S. STEERB: A three-dimensional code for storm-time evolution of electron radiation belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja015210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Su
- Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Fuliang Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronic Sciences; Changsha University of Science and Technology; Changsha China
| | - Huinan Zheng
- Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Shui Wang
- Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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12
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Tu W, Selesnick R, Li X, Looper M. Quantification of the precipitation loss of radiation belt electrons observed by SAMPEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Tu
- LASP and Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Laboratory for Space Weather; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | | | - Xinlin Li
- LASP and Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
- Laboratory for Space Weather; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Mark Looper
- Space Sciences Department; The Aerospace Corporation; Los Angeles California USA
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13
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Su Z, Zheng H, Wang S. Three-dimensional simulation of energetic outer zone electron dynamics due to wave-particle interaction and azimuthal advection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Su
- Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Huinan Zheng
- Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Shui Wang
- Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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14
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Xiao F, Su Z, Zheng H, Wang S. Three-dimensional simulations of outer radiation belt electron dynamics including cross-diffusion terms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronic Sciences; Changsha University of Science and Technology; Changsha China
| | - Zhenpeng Su
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Huinan Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Shui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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15
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Kim KC, Lee DY, Kim HJ, Lee ES, Choi CR. Numerical estimates of drift loss and Dst effect for outer radiation belt relativistic electrons with arbitrary pitch angle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Kim
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk South Korea
| | - D.-Y. Lee
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk South Korea
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - E. S. Lee
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley USA
| | - C. R. Choi
- Department of Physics; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; Daejeon South Korea
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16
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Li LY, Cao JB, Zhou GC, Li X. Statistical roles of storms and substorms in changing the entire outer zone relativistic electron population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Y. Li
- State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - J. B. Cao
- School of Astronautics; Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Beijing China
| | - G. C. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - X. Li
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
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17
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Meredith NP, Horne RB, Glauert SA, Baker DN, Kanekal SG, Albert JM. Relativistic electron loss timescales in the slot region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P. Meredith
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Richard B. Horne
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Sarah A. Glauert
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Daniel N. Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Shrikanth G. Kanekal
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jay M. Albert
- Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory; Hanscom Air Force Base Massachusetts USA
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18
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Xiao F, Su Z, Zheng H, Wang S. Modeling of outer radiation belt electrons by multidimensional diffusion process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronic Sciences; Changsha University of Science and Technology; Changsha China
| | - Zhenpeng Su
- Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Huinan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Shui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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19
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Tu W, Li X, Chen Y, Reeves GD, Temerin M. Storm-dependent radiation belt electron dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Tu
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Xinlin Li
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - G. D. Reeves
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
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20
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Ohtani S, Miyoshi Y, Singer HJ, Weygand JM. On the loss of relativistic electrons at geosynchronous altitude: Its dependence on magnetic configurations and external conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ohtani
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Y. Miyoshi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory; Nagoya University; Nagoya Japan
| | - H. J. Singer
- Space Weather Prediction Center; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. M. Weygand
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
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21
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Kim KC, Lee DY, Kim HJ, Lyons LR, Lee ES, Öztürk MK, Choi CR. Numerical calculations of relativistic electron drift loss effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja013011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Kim
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk South Korea
| | - D.-Y. Lee
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk South Korea
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science; Kyunghee University; Yongin, Gyeonggi South Korea
| | - L. R. Lyons
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - E. S. Lee
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley California USA
| | - M. K. Öztürk
- Department of Information Technologies; Işık University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - C. R. Choi
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk South Korea
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22
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Chen Y, Friedel RHW, Reeves GD, Cayton TE, Christensen R. Multisatellite determination of the relativistic electron phase space density at geosynchronous orbit: An integrated investigation during geomagnetic storm times. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Chen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | | | - G. D. Reeves
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - T. E. Cayton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - R. Christensen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
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23
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Li W, Shprits YY, Thorne RM. Dynamic evolution of energetic outer zone electrons due to wave-particle interactions during storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Y. Y. Shprits
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - R. M. Thorne
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
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24
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Xiao F, Chen L, Zheng H, Wang S. A parametric ray tracing study of superluminous auroral kilometric radiation wave modes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja012178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronic Sciences; Changsha University of Science and Technology; Changsha China
| | - Lunjin Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Huinan Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Shui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Basic Plasma Physics, School of Earth and Space Sciences; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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25
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Meredith NP, Horne RB, Glauert SA, Anderson RR. Slot region electron loss timescales due to plasmaspheric hiss and lightning-generated whistlers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P. Meredith
- British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Richard B. Horne
- British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Sarah A. Glauert
- British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
| | - Roger R. Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
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26
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Omura Y, Furuya N, Summers D. Relativistic turning acceleration of resonant electrons by coherent whistler mode waves in a dipole magnetic field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja012243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Omura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere; Kyoto University; Uji, Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoki Furuya
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere; Kyoto University; Uji, Kyoto Japan
| | - Danny Summers
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere; Kyoto University; Uji, Kyoto Japan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's, Newfoundland Canada
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27
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Summers D, Ni B, Meredith NP. Timescales for radiation belt electron acceleration and loss due to resonant wave-particle interactions: 2. Evaluation for VLF chorus, ELF hiss, and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Summers
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's Newfoundland Canada
| | - Binbin Ni
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's Newfoundland Canada
| | - Nigel P. Meredith
- British Antarctic Survey; Natural Environment Research Council; Cambridge UK
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Shprits YY, Thorne RM, Friedel R, Reeves GD, Fennell J, Baker DN, Kanekal SG. Outward radial diffusion driven by losses at magnetopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nagai T, Yukimatu AS, Matsuoka A, Asai KT, Green JC, Onsager TG, Singer HJ. Timescales of relativistic electron enhancements in the slot region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ukhorskiy AY, Anderson BJ, Brandt PC, Tsyganenko NA. Storm time evolution of the outer radiation belt: Transport and losses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zheng Y, Lui ATY, Li X, Fok MC. Characteristics of 2–6 MeV electrons in the slot region and inner radiation belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Loto'aniu TM, Thorne RM, Fraser BJ, Summers D. Estimating relativistic electron pitch angle scattering rates using properties of the electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Iles RHA, Meredith NP, Fazakerley AN, Horne RB. Phase space density analysis of the outer radiation belt energetic electron dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Summers D. Quasi-linear diffusion coefficients for field-aligned electromagnetic waves with applications to the magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny Summers
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's, Newfoundland Canada
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Glauert SA, Horne RB. Calculation of pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients with the PADIE code. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Onsager TG. The radial gradient of relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Horne RB. Evolution of energetic electron pitch angle distributions during storm time electron acceleration to megaelectronvolt energies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja009165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meredith NP. Evidence for chorus-driven electron acceleration to relativistic energies from a survey of geomagnetically disturbed periods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Summers D. Relativistic electron pitch-angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during geomagnetic storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meredith NP. Statistical analysis of relativistic electron energies for cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves observed on CRRES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Miyoshi Y. Rebuilding process of the outer radiation belt during the 3 November 1993 magnetic storm: NOAA and Exos-D observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja007542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Onsager TG. Radiation belt electron flux dropouts: Local time, radial, and particle-energy dependence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meredith NP. Outer zone relativistic electron acceleration associated with substorm-enhanced whistler mode chorus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Brien TP, McPherron RL, Sornette D, Reeves GD, Friedel R, Singer HJ. Which magnetic storms produce relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Meredith NP, Horne RB, Anderson RR. Substorm dependence of chorus amplitudes: Implications for the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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O'Brien TP, Sornette D, McPherron RL. Statistical asynchronous regression: Determining the relationship between two quantities that are not measured simultaneously. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lorentzen KR, Blake JB, Inan US, Bortnik J. Observations of relativistic electron microbursts in association with VLF chorus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Selesnick RS, Blake JB. On the source location of radiation belt relativistic electrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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