1
|
Mishev AL, Kodaira S, Kitamura H, Ploc O, Ambrožová I, Tolochek RV, Kartsev IS, Shurshakov VA, Artamonov AA, Inozemtsev KO. Radiation environment in high-altitude Antarctic plateau: Recent measurements and model studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 890:164304. [PMID: 37230348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polar regions are the most exposed to secondary particles and radiation produced by primary cosmic rays in the atmosphere, because naturally they are with marginal geomagnetic shielding. In addition, the secondary particle flux contributing to the complex radiation field is enhanced at high-mountain altitudes compared to sea level because of the reduced atmospheric attenuation. At present, there are very few systematic experimental measurements of environmental dose at high southern latitudes, specifically at high-altitude region. Here, we report a campaign of measurements with different devices, that is passive and Liulin-type dosimeters, of the radiation background at high-mountain Antarctic station Vostok (3488 m above sea level, 78° 27' S; 106° 50' E). We compare the measurements with a Monte Carlo-based model for the propagation of the cosmic rays through the atmosphere and assessment of the radiation field in the atmosphere. We employed the model to estimate the radiation dose at Vostok station during the ground-level enhancement at 28 October 2021. As in previous studies by other teams, we show that the annual dose equivalent at high-altitude Antarctic facilities can significantly exceed the limit of 1 mSv established for the general population by the ICRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Mishev
- Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland; Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - S Kodaira
- Radiation Measurement Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - H Kitamura
- Radiation Measurement Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - O Ploc
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, Řež 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I Ambrožová
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, Řež 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - R V Tolochek
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBMP RAS), 76A Khoroshevskoye shosse, Moscow 123007, Russian Federation; P.N.Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LPI RAS), 53 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - I S Kartsev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBMP RAS), 76A Khoroshevskoye shosse, Moscow 123007, Russian Federation; LLC "SNIIP-Plus", 5(1) Raspletina, Moscow 123060, Russian Federation
| | - V A Shurshakov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBMP RAS), 76A Khoroshevskoye shosse, Moscow 123007, Russian Federation
| | - A A Artamonov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBMP RAS), 76A Khoroshevskoye shosse, Moscow 123007, Russian Federation
| | - K O Inozemtsev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBMP RAS), 76A Khoroshevskoye shosse, Moscow 123007, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
GeV Proton Detection in the 8 November 2000 Solar Event. UNIVERSE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/universe8050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyze the L3 precision muon spectrometer data from November 2000. The results showed that a 4.7σmuon excess appeared at a time coincident with the solar flare of 8 November 2000. This muon excess corresponded to primary protons above 40 GeV, coming from a sky cell of solid angle 0.048 sr. The probability of being a background fluctuation was estimated to be about 0.1%. It is interesting and noteworthy that an M-class solar flare may also accelerate solar protons to such high energies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Ungar K, Zhang W, Korpach E, Benotto M, Pellerin E. Observation of Ground-level Enhancement Across Canada's Fixed Point Surveillance Network During the 20 January 2005 Solar Event. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 117:291-299. [PMID: 31349355 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the count rate enhancement observed across Canada's Fixed Point Surveillance network during the solar event on 20 January 2005 and explores the feasibility and value of applying the Fixed Point Surveillance network's long-term and continuous observations for space weather monitoring. The count rate, recorded in the high-energy channel of RS250 sodium iodide detectors, reflects the detector's response to muonic and electromagnetic components of the cosmic ray shower. During the event peak time, simultaneous count rate increases have been observed across many Fixed Point Surveillance network stations at enhancements varying from 10% to 18%, 12- to 15-fold less than relative increases in neutron detector observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlei Liu
- 1Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Pellerin
- Radiation Protection Bureau of Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Anid H, Lewis BJ, Bennett LGI, Takada M, Duldig M. Aircrew radiation dose estimates during recent solar particle events and the effect of particle anisotropy. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 158:355-367. [PMID: 24084521 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A model was developed using a Monte-Carlo radiation transport code, MCNPX, to estimate the additional radiation exposure to aircrew members during solar particle events. The model transports an extrapolated particle spectrum based on satellite measurements through the atmosphere to aircraft altitudes. This code produces the estimated flux at a specific altitude where radiation dose conversion coefficients are applied to convert the particle flux into effective and ambient dose-equivalent rates. A cut-off rigidity model accounts for the shielding effects of the Earth's magnetic field. Comparisons were made between the model predictions and actual flight measurements taken with various types of instruments used to measure the mixed radiation field during ground level enhancements (GLEs) 60 and 65. An anisotropy analysis that uses neutron monitor responses and the pitch angle distribution of energetic solar particles was used to identify particle anisotropy for a solar event in December 2006. In anticipation of future commercial use, a computer code has been developed to implement the radiation dose assessment model for routine analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Al Anid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000, Kingston, ON, Canada K7 K 7B4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Plainaki C, Belov A, Eroshenko E, Mavromichalaki H, Yanke V. Modeling ground level enhancements: Event of 20 January 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Plainaki
- Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Physics Department; Athens University; Athens Greece
| | - A. Belov
- Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN); Troitsk Russia
| | - E. Eroshenko
- Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN); Troitsk Russia
| | - H. Mavromichalaki
- Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Physics Department; Athens University; Athens Greece
| | - V. Yanke
- Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN); Troitsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nonaka T, Hayashi Y, Ito N, Kawakami S, Matsuyama T, Oshima A, Tanaka H, Yoshikoshi T, Gupta SK, Jain A, Karthikeyan S, Mohanty PK, Morris SD, Rao BS, Ravindran KC, Sivaprasad K, Sreekantan BV, Tonwar SC, Viswanathan K, Kojima H. Did the 28 October 2003 solar flare accelerate protons to≳20 GeV? A study of the subsequent Forbush decrease with the GRAPES-3 tracking muon telescope. Int J Clin Exp Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.74.052003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
7
|
Deeley KM, Duldig ML, Humble JE. Re-analysis of the cosmic ray ground level enhancement of 4 May 1960. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2002; 30:1049-1052. [PMID: 12539786 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The relativistic solar particle event of 4 May 1960, resulting in a cosmic ray ground level enhancement, occurred well before modern analysis techniques were available. We have located surviving data from 23 neutron monitors and have used these to estimate the spectrum, mean arrival direction and particle pitch angle distribution as the event progressed. We find that the apparent particle arrival direction was at equatorial latitudes, over northern South America, in contrast to contemporary analyses that proposed it to be over North America. Our modified power law spectra are broadly consistent with earlier results. Data from stations above sea level need to be corrected for altitude using a two-attenuation length technique. The standard method involves comparison of data from two relatively close stations at significantly different altitude. We have shown that this method may be unreliable in cases, such as this, of quite sharp anisotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Deeley
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lovell JL, Duldig ML, Humble JE, Shea MA, Smart DF, Fluckiger EO. The cosmic ray ground level enhancement of 6 November 1997. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2002; 30:1045-1048. [PMID: 12539785 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The relativistic solar proton event of 6 November 1997 resulted in the first ground-level enhancement (GLE) of solar cycle 23. The earliest onset was around 1215 UT but was up to 15 minutes later at some neutron monitor locations. The time of maximum intensity also varied significantly over the world-wide neutron monitor network. The modeled particle distributions and spectra are presented. The apparent particle arrival direction is found to be largely consistent with propagation outward from the sun along interplanetary magnetic field lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Lovell
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smart DF, Shea MA. Comment on the use of GOES solar proton data and spectra in solar proton dose calculations. RADIAT MEAS 1999; 30:327-35. [PMID: 11543139 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-4487(99)00059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to understand the calibration and response of the GOES solar particle detectors since the GOES data are being used to evaluate high energy solar particle events. We share some of our experience in utilizing these data in the analysis of solar particle ground-level events (GLEs). For the 29 September 1989 event, we have evaluated the solar proton and alpha particle spectral characteristics throughout the event. The results show that the solar cosmic ray spectrum is extremely hard at low energies with the magnitude of the slope increasing with increasing energy and with time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D F Smart
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lovell JL, Duldig ML, Humble JE. An extended analysis of the September 1989 cosmic ray ground level enhancement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|