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Nadeem A, Tariq S, Haq ZU. Long-term quantification of springtime aerosols over Saudi Arabia using multi-satellite remotely sensed data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42023-42033. [PMID: 38856855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of aerosol characteristics over Saudi Arabia from 2005 to 2022, utilizing high-resolution satellite-based observations and reanalysis datasets, examining the distribution of aerosols and their subtypes across the three dimensions (temporal, spatial, and altitude based) for March, April, and May. This study focuses on the analysis of parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), angstrom exponent (AE), absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD), and Ultraviolet Aerosol Index (UVAI), revealing significant spatial disparities, with elevated aerosol concentrations in the central and eastern regions and comparatively lower concentrations along the western coastal areas. In this study, the spatial patterns and temporal trends are analyzed through trajectory modeling. The study also investigates the composition of aerosols in various Saudi cities. Aerosols prevailing in a dozen Saudi Arabian cities were systematically categorized into six sub-types, considering their particle size and UV-absorbing properties. Notably, two major aerosol sub-types, absorbing coarse (AC) aerosols (UVAI > 0.25, AE < 0.70) treated as mineral dust and absorbing mixed (AM) aerosols (0.70 < AE < 1.25) along with neutral fine (NF) particles (- 0.5 < UVAI < 0.25, AE > 1.25) treated as urban, predominate across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atifa Nadeem
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Tariq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Center of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Shen H, Luo Z, Xiong R, Liu X, Zhang L, Li Y, Du W, Chen Y, Cheng H, Shen G, Tao S. A critical review of pollutant emission factors from fuel combustion in home stoves. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106841. [PMID: 34438232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large population does not have access to modern household energy and relies on solid fuels such as coal and biomass fuels. Burning of these solid fuels in low-efficiency home stoves produces high amounts of multiple air pollutants, causing severe air pollution and adverse health outcomes. In evaluating impacts on human health and climate, it is critical to understand the formation and emission processes of air pollutants from these combustion sources. Air pollutant emission factors (EFs) from indoor solid fuel combustion usually highly vary among different testing protocols, fuel-stove systems, sampling and analysis instruments, and environmental conditions. In this critical review, we focus on the latest developments in pollutant emission factor studies, with emphases on the difference between lab and field studies, fugitive emission quantification, and factors that contribute to variabilities in EFs. Field studies are expected to provide more realistic EFs for emission inventories since lab studies typically do not simulate real-world burning conditions well. However, the latter has considerable advantages in evaluating formation mechanisms and variational influencing factors in observed pollutant EFs. One main challenge in field emission measurement is the suitable emission sampling system. Reasons for the field and lab differences have yet to be fully elucidated, and operator behavior can have a significant impact on such differences. Fuel properties and stove designs affect emissions, and the variations are complexly affected by several factors. Stove classification is a challenge in the comparison of EF results from different studies. Lab- and field-based methods for quantifying fugitive emissions, as an important contributor to indoor air pollution, have been developed, and priority work is to develop a database covering different fuel-stove combinations. Studies on the dynamics of the combustion process and evolution of air pollutant formation and emissions are scarce, and these factors should be an important aspect of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihan Luo
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaojie Li
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Miller RM, McFarquhar GM, Rauber RM, O’Brien JR, Gupta S, Segal-Rozenhaimer M, Dobracki AN, Sedlacek AJ, Burton SP, Howell SG, Freitag S, Dang C. Observations of supermicron-sized aerosols originating from biomass burning in southern Central Africa. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:14815-14831. [PMID: 34675969 PMCID: PMC8528164 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-14815-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the 3 years of the ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign, the NASA Orion P-3 was equipped with a 2D stereo (2D-S) probe that imaged particles with maximum dimension (D) ranging from 10 < D < 1280 μm. The 2D-S recorded supermicron-sized aerosol particles (SAPs) outside of clouds within biomass burning plumes during flights over the southeastern Atlantic off Africa's coast. Numerous SAPs with 10 < D < 1520 μm were observed in 2017 and 2018 at altitudes between 1230 and 4000 m, 1000 km from the coastline, mostly between 7-11° S. No SAPs were observed in 2016 as flights were conducted further south and further from the coastline. Number concentrations of refractory black carbon (rBC) measured by a single particle soot photometer ranged from 200 to 1200 cm-3 when SAPs were observed. Transmission electron microscopy images of submicron particulates, collected on Holey carbon grid filters, revealed particles with potassium salts, black carbon (BC), and organics. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra also detected potassium, a tracer for biomass burning. These measurements provided evidence that the submicron particles originated from biomass burning. NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) 3 d back trajectories show a source in northern Angola for times when large SAPs were observed. Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 6 active fire maps showed extensive biomass burning at these locations. Given the back trajectories, the high number concentrations of rBC, and the presence of elemental tracers indicative of biomass burning, it is hypothesized that the SAPs imaged by the 2D-S are examples of BC aerosol, ash, or unburned plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M. Miller
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Greg M. McFarquhar
- Cooperative Institute of Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Robert M. Rauber
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joseph R. O’Brien
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Siddhant Gupta
- Cooperative Institute of Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Geophysics, Porter School of Environmental and Earth Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amie N. Dobracki
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arthur J. Sedlacek
- Department of Environmental & Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Sharon P. Burton
- Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Steven G. Howell
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Steffen Freitag
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Caroline Dang
- Universities Space Research Association/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA
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Aerosol Characterization during the Summer 2017 Huge Fire Event on Mount Vesuvius (Italy) by Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the summer of 2017, multiple huge fires occurred on Mount Vesuvius (Italy), dispersing a large quantity of ash in the surrounding area ensuing the burning of tens of hectares of Mediterranean scrub. The fires affected a very large area of the Vesuvius National Park and the smoke was driven by winds towards the city of Naples, causing daily peak values of particulate matter (PM) concentrations at ground level higher than the limit of the EU air quality directive. The smoke plume spreading over the area of Naples in this period was characterized by active (lidar) and passive (sun photometer) remote sensing as well as near-surface (optical particle counter) observational techniques. The measurements allowed us to follow both the PM variation at ground level and the vertical profile of fresh biomass burning aerosol as well as to analyze the optical and microphysical properties. The results evidenced the presence of a layer of fine mode aerosol with large mean values of optical depth (AOD > 0.25) and Ångstrom exponent (γ > 1.5) above the observational site. Moreover, the lidar ratio and aerosol linear depolarization obtained from the lidar observations were about 40 sr and 4%, respectively, consistent with the presence of biomass burning aerosol in the atmosphere.
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Wildfire Smoke Particle Properties and Evolution, From Space-Based Multi-Angle Imaging II: The Williams Flats Fire during the FIREX-AQ Campaign. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12223823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the characteristics of biomass burning events and the ambient ecosystem determine emitted smoke composition, the conditions that modulate the partitioning of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) formation are not well understood, nor are the spatial or temporal frequency of factors driving smoke particle evolution, such as hydration, coagulation, and oxidation, all of which impact smoke radiative forcing. In situ data from surface observation sites and aircraft field campaigns offer deep insight into the optical, chemical, and microphysical traits of biomass burning (BB) smoke aerosols, such as single scattering albedo (SSA) and size distribution, but cannot by themselves provide robust statistical characterization of both emitted and evolved particles. Data from the NASA Earth Observing System’s Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument can provide at least a partial picture of BB particle properties and their evolution downwind, once properly validated. Here we use in situ data from the joint NOAA/NASA 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment-Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) field campaign to assess the strengths and limitations of MISR-derived constraints on particle size, shape, light-absorption, and its spectral slope, as well as plume height and associated wind vectors. Based on the satellite observations, we also offer inferences about aging mechanisms effecting downwind particle evolution, such as gravitational settling, oxidation, secondary particle formation, and the combination of particle aggregation and condensational growth. This work builds upon our previous study, adding confidence to our interpretation of the remote-sensing data based on an expanded suite of in situ measurements for validation. The satellite and in situ measurements offer similar characterizations of particle property evolution as a function of smoke age for the 06 August Williams Flats Fire, and most of the key differences in particle size and absorption can be attributed to differences in sampling and changes in the plume geometry between sampling times. Whereas the aircraft data provide validation for the MISR retrievals, the satellite data offer a spatially continuous mapping of particle properties over the plume, which helps identify trends in particle property downwind evolution that are ambiguous in the sparsely sampled aircraft transects. The MISR data record is more than two decades long, offering future opportunities to study regional wildfire plume behavior statistically, where aircraft data are limited or entirely lacking.
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Differences in the Evolution of Pyrocumulonimbus and Volcanic Stratospheric Plumes as Observed by CATS and CALIOP Space-Based Lidars. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent fire seasons have featured volcanic-sized injections of smoke aerosols into the stratosphere where they persist for many months. Unfortunately, the aging and transport of these aerosols are not well understood. Using space-based lidar, the vertical and spatial propagation of these aerosols can be tracked and inferences can be made as to their size and shape. In this study, space-based CATS and CALIOP lidar were used to track the evolution of the stratospheric aerosol plumes resulting from the 2019–2020 Australian bushfire and 2017 Pacific Northwest pyrocumulonimbus events and were compared to two volcanic events: Calbuco (2015) and Puyehue (2011). The pyrocumulonimbus and volcanic aerosol plumes evolved distinctly, with pyrocumulonimbus plumes rising upwards of 10 km after injection to altitudes of 30 km or more, compared to small to modest altitude increases in the volcanic plumes. We also show that layer-integrated depolarization ratios in these large pyrocumulonimbus plumes have a strong altitude dependence with more irregularly shaped particles in the higher altitude plumes, unlike the volcanic events studied.
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Shi S, Cheng T, Gu X, Guo H, Wu Y, Wang Y. Biomass burning aerosol characteristics for different vegetation types in different aging periods. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:504-511. [PMID: 30849578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen years of sun/sky photometer measurements at seven worldwide AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites in typical biomass burning regions were used in this research. The AERONET measurements were analyzed with the help of Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire products and the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The variation in the physicochemical and optical properties of biomass burning aerosols (BBAs), as well as their shortwave radiative forcing, was revealed for different vegetation types in different aging periods. The result indicated that, with aerosol aging, the BBA characteristics have a non-negligible evolution trend with obvious clustering features for different burning vegetation types. During the aging process, the volume fraction of black carbon (BC) declined (with a maximum drop of 38%) accompanied by particle size growth (with a maximum increment of 0.017 μm). Driven by the change in physicochemical properties, the Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) and the asymmetry factor increased as the aerosol aged (with maximum increments of 0.026 and 0.018 for the SSA and asymmetry factor respectively). The grass and shrub type had a higher volume fraction of BC (2.5 times higher than that in the forest and peat type) and a smaller fine mode volume median radius (with a difference of 0.037 μm from that of the forest and peat type). Such a phenomenon results in a lower SSA (with a difference of 0.103) and asymmetry factor (with a difference of 0.035) in the grass and shrub type when compared to the forest and peat type. Negative (-74 to -30 W/m2) clear-sky top of atmosphere (TOA) shortwave radiative forcing, strengthened during the aging process, was generally found for BBA. The BBA in the forest and peat region usually had stronger negative radiative forcing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xingfa Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Kim YH, King C, Krantz T, Hargrove MM, George IJ, McGee J, Copeland L, Hays MD, Landis MS, Higuchi M, Gavett SH, Gilmour MI. The role of fuel type and combustion phase on the toxicity of biomass smoke following inhalation exposure in mice. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1501-1513. [PMID: 31006059 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of wildland fire smoke exposures which initiate or exacerbate cardiopulmonary conditions are unclear. We previously reported that, on a mass basis, lung toxicity associated with particulate matter (PM) from flaming smoke aspirated into mouse lungs is greater than smoldering PM. In this study, we developed a computer-controlled inhalation system which can precisely control complex biomass smoke emissions from different combustion conditions. This system was used to examine the toxicity of inhaled biomass smoke from peat, eucalyptus, and oak fuels generated under smoldering and flaming phases with emissions set to the same approximate concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) for each exposure (60-110 ppm), resulting in PM levels of ~ 4 mg/m3 for flaming and ~ 40 mg/m3 for smoldering conditions. Mice were exposed by inhalation 1 h/day for 2 days, and assessed for lung toxicity at 4 and 24 h after the final exposure. Peat (flaming and smoldering) and eucalyptus (smoldering) smoke elicited significant inflammation (neutrophil influx) in mouse lungs at 4 h with the peat (flaming) smoke causing even greater lung inflammation at 24-h post-exposure. A significant alteration in ventilatory timing was also observed in mice exposed to the peat (flaming) and eucalyptus (flaming and smoldering) smoke immediately after each day of exposure. No responses were seen for exposures to similar concentrations of flaming or smoldering oak smoke. The lung toxicity potencies (neutrophil influx per PM mass) agreed well between the inhalation and previously reported aspiration studies, demonstrating that although flaming smoke contains much less PM mass than smoldering smoke, it is more toxic on a mass basis than smoldering smoke exposure, and that fuel type is also a controlling factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Kim
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.,National Research Council, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - Charly King
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Todd Krantz
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Marie M Hargrove
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ingrid J George
- Air and Energy Management Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - John McGee
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Lisa Copeland
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Michael D Hays
- Air and Energy Management Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Matthew S Landis
- Exposure Methods and Measurement Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Mark Higuchi
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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Abstract
The absorbing and scattering nature of aerosols affects the total radiative forcing and is quantified by single scattering albedo (SSA), which is defined as the absorption to total extinction ratio. There are limited measurements of SSA in the ultraviolet (UV) irradiance spectrum, hence, the influence of SSA on incoming UV irradiance has not been explored in great depth. In the present study, UV irradiance was calculated and compared using different SSA datasets retrieved at Athens, Greece during 2009–2014; including SSA time series from Ultraviolet Multi-Filter Radiometer (UVMFR) at 332 and 368 nm, SSA from AERONET at 440 nm, from OMI satellite at 342.5 nm and AeroCom climatological database at 300 nm. Irradiances were estimated using a radiative transfer model (RTM). Comparisons of these results revealed that relative differences of UVA and UVB could be as high as 20%, whilst average relative differences varied from 2% to 8.7% for the entire experimental period. Both UVA and UVB drop by a rate of ~12% for 0.05 aerosol absorption optical depth in comparison to ones estimated with the use of SSA at visible range. Brewer irradiance measurements at 324 nm were used to validate modeled monochromatic irradiances and a better agreement was found when UVMFR SSAs were used with an average difference of 0.86%. However, when using visible or climatological input, relative differences were estimated +4.91% and +4.15% accordingly.
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Pani SK, Lin NH, Chantara S, Wang SH, Khamkaew C, Prapamontol T, Janjai S. Radiative response of biomass-burning aerosols over an urban atmosphere in northern peninsular Southeast Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:892-911. [PMID: 29602124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A large concentration of finer particulate matter (PM2.5), the primary air-quality concern in northern peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), is believed to be closely related to large amounts of biomass burning (BB) particularly in the dry season. In order to quantitatively estimate the contributions of BB to aerosol radiative effects, we thoroughly investigated the physical, chemical, and optical properties of BB aerosols through the integration of ground-based measurements, satellite retrievals, and modelling tools during the Seven South East Asian Studies/Biomass-burning Aerosols & Stratocumulus Environment: Lifecycles & Interactions Experiment (7-SEAS/BASELInE) campaign in 2014. Clusters were made on the basis of measured BB tracers (Levoglucosan, nss-K+, and NO3-) to classify the degree of influence from BB over an urban atmosphere, viz., Chiang Mai (18.795°N, 98.957°E, 354m.s.l.), Thailand in northern PSEA. Cluster-wise contributions of BB to PM2.5, organic carbon, and elemental carbon were found to be 54-79%, 42-79%, and 39-77%, respectively. Moreover, the cluster-wise aerosol optical index (aerosol optical depth at 500nm≈0.98-2.45), absorption (single scattering albedo ≈0.87-0.85; absorption aerosol optical depth ≈0.15-0.38 at 440nm; absorption Ångström exponent ≈1.43-1.57), and radiative impacts (atmospheric heating rate ≈1.4-3.6Kd-1) displayed consistency with the degree of BB. PM2.5 during Extreme BB (EBB) was ≈4 times higher than during Low BB (LBB), whereas this factor was ≈2.5 for the magnitude of radiative effects. Severe haze (visibility≈4km) due to substantial BB loadings (BB to PM2.5≈79%) with favorable meteorology can significantly impact the local-to-regional air quality and the, daily life of local inhabitants as well as become a respiratory health threat. Additionally, such enhancements in atmospheric heating could potentially influence the regional hydrological cycle and crop productivity over Chiang Mai in northern PSEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kumar Pani
- Cloud and Aerosol Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Cloud and Aerosol Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Wang
- Cloud and Aerosol Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chanakarn Khamkaew
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Serm Janjai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Alonso-Blanco E, Castro A, Calvo AI, Pont V, Mallet M, Fraile R. Wildfire smoke plumes transport under a subsidence inversion: Climate and health implications in a distant urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:988-1002. [PMID: 29734644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco
- Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT), Department of the Environment, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Castro
- Department of Physics (IMARENAB), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Ana I Calvo
- Department of Physics (IMARENAB), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Veronique Pont
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie/OMP, UMR 5560, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS-UPS, 14, av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Mallet
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie/OMP, UMR 5560, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS-UPS, 14, av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Roberto Fraile
- Department of Physics (IMARENAB), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
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12
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Gómez-Amo JL, Estellés V, Marcos C, Segura S, Esteve AR, Pedrós R, Utrillas MP, Martínez-Lozano JA. Impact of dust and smoke mixing on column-integrated aerosol properties from observations during a severe wildfire episode over Valencia (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:2121-2134. [PMID: 28575928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The most destructive wildfire experienced in Spain since 2004 occurred close to Valencia in summer 2012. A total of 48.500ha were affected by two wildfires, which were mostly active during 29-30 June. The fresh smoke plume was detected at the Burjassot measurement station simultaneously to a severe dust episode. We propose an empirical method to evaluate the dust and smoke mixing and its impact on the microphysical and optical properties. For this, we combine direct-sun measurements with a Cimel CE-318 sun-photometer with an inversion methodology, and the Mie theory to derive the column-integrated size distribution, single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (g). The mixing of dust and smoke greatly increased the aerosol load and modified the background aerosol properties. Mineral dust increased the aerosol optical depth (AOD) up to 1, while the smoke plume caused an extreme AOD peak of 8. The size distribution of the mixture was bimodal, with a fine and coarse modes dominated by the smoke particles and mineral dust, respectively. The SSA and g for the dust-smoke mixture show a marked sensitivity on the smoke mixing-ratio, mainly at longer wavelengths. Mineral dust and smoke share a similar SSA at 440nm (~0.90), but with opposite spectral dependency. A small dust contribution to the total AOD substantially affects the SSA of the mixture, and also SSA at 1020nm increases from 0.87 to 0.95. This leads to a different spectral behaviour of SSA that changes from positive (smoke plume) to negative (dust), depending on the dust and smoke mixing-ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gómez-Amo
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - V Estellés
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - C Marcos
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - S Segura
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - A R Esteve
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain; Departament de Didàctica de les Ciences Experimentals i Socials, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Pedrós
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M P Utrillas
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - J A Martínez-Lozano
- Departament de Física de la Terra i Termodinàmica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Evolution of Multispectral Aerosol Absorption Properties in a Biogenically-Influenced Urban Environment during the CARES Campaign. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Holder AL, Gullett BK, Urbanski SP, Elleman R, O'Neill S, Tabor D, Mitchell W, Baker KR. Emissions from prescribed burning of agricultural fields in the Pacific Northwest. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2017; 166:22-33. [PMID: 32612448 PMCID: PMC7328529 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Prescribed burns of winter wheat stubble and Kentucky bluegrass fields in northern Idaho and eastern Washington states (U.S.A.) were sampled using ground-, aerostat-, airplane-, and laboratory-based measurement platforms to determine emission factors, compare methods, and provide a current and comprehensive set of emissions data for air quality models, climate models, and emission inventories. Batch measurements of PM2.5, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), and continuous measurements of black carbon (BC), particle mass by size, CO, CO2, CH4, and aerosol characteristics were taken at ground level, on an aerostat-lofted instrument package, and from an airplane. Biomass samples gathered from the field were burned in a laboratory combustion facility for comparison with these ground and aerial field measurements. Emission factors for PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), CH4, and CO measured in the field study platforms were typically higher than those measured in the laboratory combustion facility. Field data for Kentucky bluegrass suggest that biomass residue loading is directly proportional to the PM2.5 emission factor; no such relationship was found with the limited wheat data. CO2 and BC emissions were higher in laboratory burn tests than in the field, reflecting greater carbon oxidation and flaming combustion conditions. These distinctions between field and laboratory results can be explained by measurements of the modified combustion efficiency (MCE). Higher MCEs were recorded in the laboratory burns than from the airplane platform. These MCE/emission factor trends are supported by 1-2 min grab samples from the ground and aerostat platforms. Emission factors measured here are similar to other studies measuring comparable fuels, pollutants, and combustion conditions. The size distribution of refractory BC (rBC) was single modal with a log-normal shape, which was consistent among fuel types when normalized by total rBC mass. The field and laboratory measurements of the Angstrom exponent (α) and single scattering albedo (ω) exhibit a strong decreasing trend with increasing MCEs in the range of 0.9-0.99. Field measurements of α and ω were consistently higher than laboratory burns, which is likely due to less complete combustion. When VOC emissions are compared with MCE, the results are consistent for both fuel types: emission factors increase as MCE decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Holder
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - B K Gullett
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - S P Urbanski
- U.S. Forest Service, Missoula Fire Science Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Hwy 10W, Missoula, MT 59808, USA
| | - R Elleman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - S O'Neill
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 400 N 34th, St. Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - D Tabor
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - W Mitchell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - K R Baker
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Zhang X, Mao M. Brown haze types due to aerosol pollution at Hefei in the summer and fall. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:1153-1162. [PMID: 25460756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Brown haze episodes were evaluated at Hefei in the summer (June-August) and fall (September-November) seasons, and typical haze types were identified by air-mass back-trajectories and fire spot maps. Compared with clear weather conditions, larger median single scattering albedo values of 0.82 and 0.78 at 550 nm were obtained for the summer and fall haze episodes, respectively. Further, the observed lower scattering Angstrom exponents imply that more large particles than small particles dominated the haze plumes, which is in agreement with the profiles of size distribution. Particles during a haze episode in Hefei grow to a size such that the 0.10 limit for the backscattering ratio is reached, which may indicate that the aged aerosols promote the formation of haze episodes. Three typical haze types were identified: biomass burning, anthropogenic industrial and traffic emissions, and brown carbon. Less negative aerosol radiative forcing efficiencies of -12.7 and -10.9 W m(-2) in summer and fall were estimated, respectively, for haze impacted by biomass burning, which emphasizes an enhanced significance of biomass burning aerosols on climate forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mao Mao
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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16
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Baars H, Ansmann A, Althausen D, Engelmann R, Heese B, Müller D, Artaxo P, Paixao M, Pauliquevis T, Souza R. Aerosol profiling with lidar in the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Sahu LK, Kondo Y, Moteki N, Takegawa N, Zhao Y, Cubison MJ, Jimenez JL, Vay S, Diskin GS, Wisthaler A, Mikoviny T, Huey LG, Weinheimer AJ, Knapp DJ. Emission characteristics of black carbon in anthropogenic and biomass burning plumes over California during ARCTAS-CARB 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Kavouras IG, Nikolich G, Etyemezian V, DuBois DW, King J, Shafer D. In situ observations of soil minerals and organic matter in the early phases of prescribed fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Ten Hoeve JE, Jacobson MZ, Remer LA. Comparing results from a physical model with satellite and in situ observations to determine whether biomass burning aerosols over the Amazon brighten or burn off clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Kondo Y, Matsui H, Moteki N, Sahu L, Takegawa N, Kajino M, Zhao Y, Cubison MJ, Jimenez JL, Vay S, Diskin GS, Anderson B, Wisthaler A, Mikoviny T, Fuelberg HE, Blake DR, Huey G, Weinheimer AJ, Knapp DJ, Brune WH. Emissions of black carbon, organic, and inorganic aerosols from biomass burning in North America and Asia in 2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Lu JW, Flores JM, Lavi A, Abo-Riziq A, Rudich Y. Changes in the optical properties of benzo[a]pyrene-coated aerosols upon heterogeneous reactions with NO2 and NO3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6484-92. [PMID: 21373662 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reactions can alter the chemical, physical, and optical properties of aerosols. It has been postulated that nitration of aerosols can account for atmospheric absorbance over urban areas. To study this potentially important process, the change in optical properties of laboratory-generated benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-coated aerosols following exposure to NO(2) and NO(3) was investigated at 355 nm and 532 nm by three aerosol analysis techniques. The extinction coefficient was determined at 355 nm and 532 nm from cavity ring-down aerosol spectroscopy (CRD-AS); the absorption coefficient was measured by photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) at 532 nm, while an on-line aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) supplied real-time quantitative information about the chemical composition of aerosols. In this study, 240 nm polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres were thinly coated with BaP to form 300 or 310 nm aerosols that were exposed to high concentrations of NO(2) and NO(3) and measured with CRD-AS, PAS, and the AMS. The extinction efficiencies (Q(ext)) changed after exposure to NO(2) and NO(3) at both wavelengths. Prior to reaction, Q(ext) for the 355 nm and 532 nm wavelengths were 4.36 ± 0.04 and 2.39 ± 0.05, respectively, and Q(ext) increased to 5.26 ± 0.04 and 2.79 ± 0.05 after exposure. The absorption cross-section at 532 nm, determined with PAS, reached σ(abs) = (0.039 ± 0.001) × 10(-8) cm(2), indicating that absorption increased with formation of nitro-BaP, the main reaction product detected by the AMS. The single-scattering albedo (SSA), a measure of particle scattering efficiency, decreased from 1 to 0.85 ± 0.03, showing that changes in the optical properties of BaP-covered aerosols due to nitration may have implications for regional radiation budget and, hence, climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Lu
- Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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22
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Fischer EV, Jaffe DA, Marley NA, Gaffney JS, Marchany-Rivera A. Optical properties of aged Asian aerosols observed over the U.S. Pacific Northwest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Jacobson MZ. Short-term effects of controlling fossil-fuel soot, biofuel soot and gases, and methane on climate, Arctic ice, and air pollution health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Carrer D, Roujean JL, Hautecoeur O, Elias T. Daily estimates of aerosol optical thickness over land surface based on a directional and temporal analysis of SEVIRI MSG visible observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Calvo AI, Pont V, Castro A, Mallet M, Palencia C, Roger JC, Dubuisson P, Fraile R. Radiative forcing of haze during a forest fire in Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Petters MD, Carrico CM, Kreidenweis SM, Prenni AJ, DeMott PJ, Collett JL, Moosmüller H. Cloud condensation nucleation activity of biomass burning aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Cheng YF, Berghof M, Garland RM, Wiedensohler A, Wehner B, Müller T, Su H, Zhang YH, Achtert P, Nowak A, Pöschl U, Zhu T, Hu M, Zeng LM. Influence of soot mixing state on aerosol light absorption and single scattering albedo during air mass aging at a polluted regional site in northeastern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Eck TF, Holben BN, Reid JS, Sinyuk A, Hyer EJ, O'Neill NT, Shaw GE, Vande Castle JR, Chapin FS, Dubovik O, Smirnov A, Vermote E, Schafer JS, Giles D, Slutsker I, Sorokine M, Newcomb WW. Optical properties of boreal region biomass burning aerosols in central Alaska and seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth at an Arctic coastal site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Alvarado MJ, Prinn RG. Formation of ozone and growth of aerosols in young smoke plumes from biomass burning: 1. Lagrangian parcel studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Capes G, Johnson B, McFiggans G, Williams PI, Haywood J, Coe H. Aging of biomass burning aerosols over West Africa: Aircraft measurements of chemical composition, microphysical properties, and emission ratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Johnson BT, Osborne SR, Haywood JM, Harrison MAJ. Aircraft measurements of biomass burning aerosol over West Africa during DABEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Chen WT, Kahn RA, Nelson D, Yau K, Seinfeld JH. Sensitivity of multiangle imaging to the optical and microphysical properties of biomass burning aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Bein KJ, Zhao Y, Johnston MV, Wexler AS. Interactions between boreal wildfire and urban emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Pfister GG, Hess PG, Emmons LK, Rasch PJ, Vitt FM. Impact of the summer 2004 Alaska fires on top of the atmosphere clear-sky radiation fluxes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Chakrabarty RK, Moosmüller H, Arnott WP, Garro MA, Slowik JG, Cross ES, Han JH, Davidovits P, Onasch TB, Worsnop DR. Light scattering and absorption by fractal-like carbonaceous chain aggregates: comparison of theories and experiment. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:6990-7006. [PMID: 17906729 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.006990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the optical coefficients of size-selected soot particles measured at a wavelength of 870 nm with those predicted by three theories, namely, Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) approximation, volume-equivalent Mie theory, and integral equation formulation for scattering (IEFS). Soot particles, produced by a premixed ethene flame, were size-selected using two differential mobility analyzers in series, and their scattering and absorption coefficients were measured with nephelometry and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and image processing techniques were used for the parameterization of the structural properties of the fractal-like soot aggregates. The aggregate structural parameters were used to evaluate the predictions of the optical coefficients based on the three light-scattering and absorption theories. Our results show that the RDG approximation agrees within 10% with the experimental results and the exact electromagnetic calculations of the IEFS theory. Volume-equivalent Mie theory overpredicts the experimental scattering coefficient by a factor of approximately 3.2. The optical coefficients predicted by the RDG approximation showed pronounced sensitivity to changes in monomer mean diameter, the count median diameter of the aggregates, and the geometric standard deviation of the aggregate number size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan K Chakrabarty
- Chemical Physics Program, Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA.
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36
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Christian TJ, Yokelson RJ, Carvalho JA, Griffith DWT, Alvarado EC, Santos JC, Neto TGS, Veras CAG, Hao WM. The tropical forest and fire emissions experiment: Trace gases emitted by smoldering logs and dung from deforestation and pasture fires in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Kuzmanoski M, Box MA, Schmid B, Russell PB, Redemann J. Case study of modeled aerosol optical properties during the SAFARI 2000 campaign. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:5263-75. [PMID: 17676140 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.005263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present modeled aerosol optical properties (single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, and lidar ratio) in two layers with different aerosol loadings and particle sizes, observed during the Southern African Regional Science Initiative 2,000 (SAFARI 2,000) campaign. The optical properties were calculated from aerosol size distributions retrieved from aerosol layer optical thickness spectra, measured using the NASA Ames airborne tracking 14-channel sunphotometer (AATS-14) and the refractive index based on the available information on aerosol chemical composition. The study focuses on sensitivity of modeled optical properties in the 0.3-1.5 microm wavelength range to assumptions regarding the mixing scenario. We considered two models for the mixture of absorbing and nonabsorbing aerosol components commonly used to model optical properties of biomass burning aerosol: a layered sphere with absorbing core and nonabsorbing shell and the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium model. In addition, comparisons of modeled optical properties with the measurements are discussed. We also estimated the radiative effect of the difference in aerosol absorption implied by the large difference between the single scattering albedo values (approximately 0.1 at midvisible wavelengths) obtained from different measurement methods for the case with a high amount of biomass burning particles. For that purpose, the volume fraction of black carbon was varied to obtain a range of single scattering albedo values (0.81-0.91 at lambda=0.50 microm). The difference in absorption resulted in a significant difference in the instantaneous radiative forcing at the surface and the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and can result in a change of the sign of the aerosol forcing at TOA from negative to positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanoski
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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38
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Lee YS, Collins DR, Li R, Bowman KP, Feingold G. Expected impact of an aged biomass burning aerosol on cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Chakrabarty RK, Moosmüller H, Garro MA, Arnott WP, Walker J, Susott RA, Babbitt RE, Wold CE, Lincoln EN, Hao WM. Emissions from the laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: Particle morphology and size. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Wang J, Christopher SA, Nair US, Reid JS, Prins EM, Szykman J, Hand JL. Mesoscale modeling of Central American smoke transport to the United States: 1. “Top-down” assessment of emission strength and diurnal variation impacts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Mitchell RM, O'Brien DM, Campbell SK. Characteristics and radiative impact of the aerosol generated by the Canberra firestorm of January 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Marsden DC. Continental aerosol properties inferred from measurements of direct and diffuse solar irradiance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Miyazaki Y. Contribution of particulate nitrate to airborne measurements of total reactive nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Müller D. Raman lidar observations of aged Siberian and Canadian forest fire smoke in the free troposphere over Germany in 2003: Microphysical particle characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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McMeeking GR. Observations of smoke-influenced aerosol during the Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study: 2. Aerosol scattering and absorbing properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertschi IT, Jaffe DA, Jaeglé L, Price HU, Dennison JB. PHOBEA/ITCT 2002 airborne observations of transpacific transport of ozone, CO, volatile organic compounds, and aerosols to the northeast Pacific: Impacts of Asian anthropogenic and Siberian boreal fire emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. T. Bertschi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
| | - D. A. Jaffe
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - H. U. Price
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. B. Dennison
- Department of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; University of Washington-Bothell; Bothell Washington USA
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Pósfai M, Gelencsér A, Simonics R, Arató K, Li J, Hobbs PV, Buseck PR. Atmospheric tar balls: Particles from biomass and biofuel burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Pósfai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - András Gelencsér
- Air Chemistry Group; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Renáta Simonics
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Krisztina Arató
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Peter R. Buseck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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Kondo Y. Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Li J, Pósfai M, Hobbs PV, Buseck PR. Individual aerosol particles from biomass burning in southern Africa: 2, Compositions and aging of inorganic particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Mihály Pósfai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Veszprém; Veszprém Hungary
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - Peter R. Buseck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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50
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Haywood JM, Osborne SR, Francis PN, Keil A, Formenti P, Andreae MO, Kaye PH. The mean physical and optical properties of regional haze dominated by biomass burning aerosol measured from the C-130 aircraft during SAFARI 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paola Formenti
- Biochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Meinrat O. Andreae
- Biochemistry Department; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - Paul H. Kaye
- Science and Technology Researh Centre; University of Hertfordshire; Hatfield UK
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