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Ye X, Zhang L, Wang X, Lu X, Jiang Z, Lu N, Li D, Xu J. Spatial and temporal variations of surface background ozone in China analyzed with the grid-stretching capability of GEOS-Chem High Performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169909. [PMID: 38185162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Surface background ozone, defined as the ozone in the absence of domestic anthropogenic emissions, is important for developing emission reduction strategies. Here we apply the recently developed GEOS-Chem High Performance (GCHP) global atmospheric chemistry model with ∼0.5° stretched resolution over China to understand the sources of Chinese background ozone (CNB) in the metric of daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) and to identify the drivers of its interannual variability (IAV) from 2015 to 2019. The GCHP ozone simulations over China are evaluated with an ensemble of surface and aircraft measurements. The five-year national-mean CNB ozone is estimated as 37.9 ppbv, with a spatially west-to-southeast downward gradient (55 to 25 ppbv) and a summer peak (42.5 ppbv). High background levels in western China are due to abundant transport from the free troposphere and adjacent foreign regions, while in eastern China, domestic formation from surface natural precursors is also important. We find greater importance of soil nitric oxides (NOx) than biogenic volatile organic compound emissions to CNB ozone in summer (6.4 vs. 3.9 ppbv), as ozone formation becomes increasingly NOx-sensitive when suppressing anthropogenic emissions. The percentage of daily CNB ozone to total surface ozone generally decreases with increasing daily total ozone, indicating an increased contribution of domestic anthropogenic emissions on polluted days. CNB ozone shows the largest IAV in summer, with standard deviations (seasonal means) of ∼5 ppbv over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and >3.5 ppbv in eastern China. CNB values in QTP are strongly correlated with horizontal circulation anomalies in the middle troposphere, while soil NOx emissions largely drive the IAV in the east. El Nino can inhibit CNB ozone formation in Southeast China by increased precipitation and lower temperature locally in spring, but enhance CNB in Southwest China through increased biomass burning emissions in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpei Ye
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjing Jiang
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, United States of America
| | - Ni Lu
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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He J, Yin Y, Pei J, Sun Y, Liu Z, Chen Q, Yang X. A model to evaluate ozone distribution and reaction byproducts in aircraft cabin environments. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13178. [PMID: 36437656 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone and byproducts of ozone-initiated reactions are among the primary pollutants in aircraft cabins. However, investigations of the spatial distribution and reaction mechanisms of these pollutants are insufficient. This study established a computational fluid dynamics-based model to evaluate ozone and byproduct distribution, considering ozone reactions in air, adsorption onto surfaces, and byproduct desorption from surfaces. The model was implemented in an authentic single-aisle aircraft cabin and validated by measurements recorded during the aircraft cruise phase. Ozone concentrations in the supply air-dominated area were approximately 50% higher than that in the passenger breathing zone, suggesting that human surfaces represent a significant ozone sink. The deposition velocity onto human bodies was 21.83 m/h, surpassing 3.97 m/h on other cabin interior surface areas. Our model provides a mechanistic tool to analyze ozone and byproduct concentration distributions, which would be useful for assessing passenger health risks and for developing strategies for healthier aircraft cabin environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhou He
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Pei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Climate-impacting contrails need ice (super-)saturation to persist longer than a few minutes. However, this simple criterion cannot be easily applied for the prediction of persistent contrails. The current weather forecast models, which lack humidity data for assimilation in the upper troposphere, have difficulties coping with the enormous variability and sharp gradients in the relative humidity field. Thus, ice supersaturation, which is an extremal state of relative humidity, is hard to forecast at a precise location and time to allow contrail-avoiding flight routing. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using dynamical proxy variables for improved contrail prediction. This idea is guided by the fact that the probability of ice supersaturation differs in different dynamical regimes. Therefore, we determine probability distributions of temperature, water vapour concentration, vertical velocity, divergence, relative and potential vorticity, geopotential height, and lapse rate conditioned on three situations: (a) contrail persistence not possible; (b) contrail persistence possible; and (c) strongly warming persistent contrails possible. While the atmospheric variables are taken from reanalysis data, the conditions (a–c) are based on airborne measurement data and radiation quantities from the reanalysis. It turns out that the vorticity variables, and in particular geopotential and lapse rate, show quite distinct conditional probabilities, suggesting a possibility to base an improved forecast of persistent contrails not only on the traditional quantities of temperature and relative humidity, but on these dynamical proxies as well. Furthermore, we show the existence of long flight tracks with the formation of strongly warming contrails, which are probably embedded in larger ice-supersaturated regions with conditions that foster such contrails. For forecasting purposes, this is a beneficial property since the humidity forecast is easier on large, rather than small, spatial scales.
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Pellegrin B, Berne P, Giraud H, Roussey A. Exploring the potential of electrostatic precipitation as an alternative particulate matter filtration system in aircraft cabins. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12990. [PMID: 35225396 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On most modern airliners, cabin air pressurization, heating, and renewal are mainly achieved using air supplied from the gas turbine engines during flight. This air intake impairs the motors yield and needs to be conditioned, leading to energy overconsumption. Recent advances in thermal management enable aircraft manufacturers to reduce further the intake airflow needed to maintain cabin temperature at high altitude. Nevertheless, for lower air renewal rates, an appropriate air filtration system will be needed to maintain acceptable air quality in the cabin. In this context, Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (CS2JU) project EC2S (Environment Control Secondary System) aims at developing an integrated filtration system to be implemented in existing cabin air management systems (so-called environmental control system-ECS). The EC2S unit will include three filtration units addressing separately volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2 , and particulate matter (PM). Circulated air in the ECS is conventionally filtered on pleated HEPA filters that generate substantial pressure drop. Since the EC2S VOCs and CO2 filtration units would generate additional pressure drop in the ECS system, electrostatic precipitation is foreseen as a low flow resistance alternative for PM removal. This paper reports the development and performance assessment of a two-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) designed for aircraft recirculated air filtration. The ESP prototype presents high single-pass particle collection rates (i.e., over 90% for airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.5 μm or larger), low-pressure drop (i.e., 4 Pa at nominal flowrate), and a limited ozone generation rate (i.e., below 8 mg h-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Berne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DTNM, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Giraud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DTNM, Grenoble, France
| | - Arthur Roussey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, DTNM, Grenoble, France
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5
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Abstract
Persistent contrails and contrail cirrus are estimated to have a larger impact on climate than all CO2 emissions from global aviation since the introduction of jet engines. However, the measure for this impact, the effective radiative forcing (ERF) or radiative forcing (RF), suffers from uncertainties that are much larger than those for CO2. Despite ongoing research, the so called level of scientific understanding has not improved since the 1999 IPCC Special Report on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere. In this paper, the role of weather variability as a major component of the uncertainty range of contrail cirrus RF is examined. Using 10 years of MOZAIC flights and ERA-5 reanalysis data, we show that natural weather variability causes large variations in the instantaneous radiative forcing (iRF) of persistent contrails, which is a major source for uncertainty. Most contrails (about 80%) have a small positive iRF of up to 20 W m−2. IRF exceeds 20 W m−2 in about 10% of all cases but these have a disproportionally large climate impact, the remaining 10% have a negative iRF. The distribution of iRF values is heavily skewed towards large positive values that show an exponential decay. Monte Carlo experiments reveal the difficulty of determining a precise long-term mean from measurement or campaign data alone. Depending on the chosen sample size, calculated means scatter considerably, which is caused exclusively by weather variability. Considering that many additional natural sources of variation have been deliberately neglected in the present examination, the results suggest that there is a fundamental limit to the precision with which the RF and ERF of contrail cirrus can be determined. In our opinion, this does not imply a low level of scientific understanding; rather the scientific understanding of contrails and contrail cirrus has grown considerably over recent decades. Only the determination of global and annual mean RF and ERF values is still difficult and will probably be so for the coming decades, if not forever. The little precise knowledge of the RF and ERF values is, therefore, no argument to postpone actions to mitigate contrail’s warming impact.
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Abstract
Persistent contrails and contrail cirrus are responsible for a large part of aviation induced radiative forcing. A considerable fraction of their warming effect could be eliminated by diverting only a quite small fraction of flight paths, namely those that produce the highest individual radiative forcing (iRF). In order to make this a viable mitigation strategy it is necessary that aviation weather forecast is able to predict (i) when and where contrails are formed, (ii) which of these are persistent, and (iii) how large the iRF of those contrails would be. Here we study several data bases together with weather data in order to see whether such a forecast would currently be possible. It turns out that the formation of contrails can be predicted with some success, but there are problems to predict contrail persistence. The underlying reason for this is that while the temperature field is quite good in weather prediction and climate simulations with specified dynamics, this is not so for the relative humidity in general and for ice supersaturation in particular. However we find that the weather model shows the dynamical peculiarities that are expected for ice supersaturated regions where strong contrails are indeed found in satellite data. This justifies some hope that the prediction of strong contrails may be possible via general regression involving the dynamical state of the ambient atmosphere.
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Sorooshian A, Corral AF, Braun RA, Cairns B, Crosbie E, Ferrare R, Hair J, Kleb MM, Mardi AH, Maring H, McComiskey A, Moore R, Painemal D, Jo Scarino A, Schlosser J, Shingler T, Shook M, Wang H, Zeng X, Ziemba L, Zuidema P. Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2020; 125:10.1029/2019jd031626. [PMID: 32699733 PMCID: PMC7375207 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd031626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decades of atmospheric research have focused on the Western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) region because of its unique location that offers accessibility for airborne and ship measurements, gradients in important atmospheric parameters, and a range of meteorological regimes leading to diverse conditions that are poorly understood. This work reviews these scientific investigations for the WNAO region, including the East Coast of North America and the island of Bermuda. Over 50 field campaigns and long-term monitoring programs, in addition to 715 peer-reviewed publications between 1946 and 2019 have provided a firm foundation of knowledge for these areas. Of particular importance in this region has been extensive work at the island of Bermuda that is host to important time series records of oceanic and atmospheric variables. Our review categorizes WNAO atmospheric research into eight major categories, with some studies fitting into multiple categories (relative %): Aerosols (25%), Gases (24%), Development/Validation of Techniques, Models, and Retrievals (18%), Meteorology and Transport (9%), Air-Sea Interactions (8%), Clouds/Storms (8%), Atmospheric Deposition (7%), and Aerosol-Cloud Interactions (2%). Recommendations for future research are provided in the categories highlighted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Andrea F. Corral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Rachel A. Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Brian Cairns
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY
| | - Ewan Crosbie
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | | | | | | | - Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - David Painemal
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Amy Jo Scarino
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA
| | - Joseph Schlosser
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Xubin Zeng
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Paquita Zuidema
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL
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8
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Andrén OCJ, Fernandes AP, Malkoch M. Heterogeneous Rupturing Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17660-17666. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. J. Andrén
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aristi P. Fernandes
- Division
of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles v. 2, SE-171
77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Petzold A, Krämer M, Neis P, Rolf C, Rohs S, Berkes F, Smit HGJ, Gallagher M, Beswick K, Lloyd G, Baumgardner D, Spichtinger P, Nédélec P, Ebert V, Buchholz B, Riese M, Wahner A. Upper tropospheric water vapour and its interaction with cirrus clouds as seen from IAGOS long-term routine in situ observations. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:229-249. [PMID: 28574551 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00006e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) performs long-term routine in situ observations of atmospheric chemical composition (O3, CO, NOx, NOy, CO2, CH4), water vapour, aerosols, clouds, and temperature on a global scale by operating compact instruments on board of passenger aircraft. The unique characteristics of the IAGOS data set originate from the global scale sampling on air traffic routes with similar instrumentation such that the observations are truly comparable and well suited for atmospheric research on a statistical basis. Here, we present the analysis of 15 months of simultaneous observations of relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) and ice crystal number concentration in cirrus (Nice) from July 2014 to October 2015. The joint data set of 360 hours of RHice-Nice observations in the global upper troposphere and tropopause region is analysed with respect to the in-cloud distribution of RHice and related cirrus properties. The majority of the observed cirrus is thin with Nice < 0.1 cm-3. The respective fractions of all cloud observations range from 90% over the mid-latitude North Atlantic Ocean and the Eurasian Continent to 67% over the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean. The in-cloud RHice distributions do not depend on the geographical region of sampling. Types of cirrus origin (in situ origin, liquid origin) are inferred for different Nice regimes and geographical regions. Most importantly, we found that in-cloud RHice shows a strong correlation to Nice with slightly supersaturated dynamic equilibrium RHice associated with higher Nice values in stronger updrafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petzold
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK-8 Troposphere, Jülich, Germany.
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10
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Ancellet G, Daskalakis N, Raut JC, Quennehen B, Ravetta F, Hair J, Tarasick D, Schlager H, Weinheimer AJ, Thompson AM, Oltmans S, Thomas JL, Law KS. Analysis of the latitudinal variability of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic using the large number of aircraft and ozonesonde observations in early summer 2008. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; Volume 16:13341-13358. [PMID: 31708977 PMCID: PMC6839714 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-13341-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the paper are to: (1) present tropospheric ozone (O3) climatologies in summer 2008 based on a large amount of measurements, during the International Polar Year when the Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements, and Models of Climate Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport (POLARCAT) campaigns were conducted (2) investigate the processes that determine O3 concentrations in two different regions (Canada and Greenland) that were thoroughly studied using measurements from 3 aircraft and 7 ozonesonde stations. This paper provides an integrated analysis of these observations and the discussion of the latitudinal and vertical variability of tropospheric ozone north of 55°N during this period is performed using a regional model (WFR-Chem). Ozone, CO and potential vorticity (PV) distributions are extracted from the simulation at the measurement locations. The model is able to reproduce the O3 latitudinal and vertical variability but a negative O3 bias of 6-15 ppbv is found in the free troposphere over 4 km, especially over Canada. Ozone average concentrations are of the order of 65 ppbv at altitudes above 4 km both over Canada and Greenland, while they are less than 50 ppbv in the lower troposphere. The relative influence of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) and of ozone production related to the local biomass burning (BB) emissions is discussed using differences between average values of O3, CO and PV for Southern and Northern Canada or Greenland and two vertical ranges in the troposphere: 0-4 km and 4-8 km. For Canada, the model CO distribution and the weak correlation (< 30%) of O3 and PV suggests that stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) is not the major contribution to average tropospheric ozone at latitudes less than 70°N, due to the fact that local biomass burning (BB) emissions were significant during the 2008 summer period. Conversely over Greenland, significant STE is found according to the better O3 versus PV correlation (> 40%) and the higher 75th PV percentile. A weak negative latitudinal summer ozone gradient -6 to -8 ppbv is found over Canada in the mid troposphere between 4 and 8 km. This is attributed to an efficient O3 photochemical production due to the BB emissions at latitudes less than 65°N, while STE contribution is more homogeneous in the latitude range 55°N to 70°N. A positive ozone latitudinal gradient of 12 ppbv is observed in the same altitude range over Greenland not because of an increasing latitudinal influence of STE, but because of different long range transport from multiple mid-latitude sources (North America, Europe and even Asia for latitudes higher than 77°N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Ancellet
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nikos Daskalakis
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Raut
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Boris Quennehen
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - François Ravetta
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - David Tarasick
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada
| | - Hans Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sam Oltmans
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jennie L. Thomas
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Katharine S. Law
- LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris, France
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11
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Kim KH, Pandey SK, Brown RJC, Sheu GR, Jeon EC, Jung K, Kang CH. Investigation of the relationship between atmospheric mercury and concentrations of key greenhouse gases at a mountainous monitoring site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:646-655. [PMID: 25639653 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of total gaseous mercury (TGM) was monitored, together with some key greenhouse gases (GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water (H2O) vapor) at hourly intervals at a mountainous monitoring site close to the highly industrialized city of Seoul, Korea. Correlations between the concentrations of Hg and those of the greenhouse gases were examined to assess their source characteristics and responses to changes in meteorological conditions. The mean Hg levels in this study (3.58 ± 2.13 ng m(-3)) were considerably lower (by, e.g., 24.3%) than those measured previously in other comparable sites during 1999-2006 (4.73 ± 1.34 ng m(-3)). Accordingly, such a reduction in Hg levels suggests the effectiveness of the regulatory measures enforced over the years. The mean Hg level observed in this study is also lower (by approximately 5%) than those in other Asian locations. In contrast, the mean concentrations of the two most important GHGs (CO2 and CH4) were moderately higher than those of other locations across the world (by approximately 4-9%). The results of our analysis indicate that the behavior of Hg is strongly correlated with water vapor and CH4 in terms of their source characteristics, despite notable differences in their diurnal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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12
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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiling in Africa: Environmental Pollutants are not on the Agenda. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:193-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Burda O, Sato T, Wissmann F. Quality factor of secondary cosmic radiation at flight altitudes. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2013; 33:339-348. [PMID: 23480894 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/33/2/339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dosimetry at aviation altitudes requires instruments that are able to measure the dose contributions of all field components. Tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPCs) are well suited for this task. From the measured lineal energy distribution, the absorbed dose and the dose equivalent can be obtained. The ratio of both quantities is named the quality factor, which is a measure of the biological effectiveness of the radiation field. The results of this work show that the mean quality factors obtained by using a TEPC are independent of the altitude, at least at altitudes between flight level (FL) 300 and FL 400, but show a significant dependence on the vertical cutoff rigidity. From a numerical simulation of the radiation field inside an aircraft, the influence of the aircraft structure can be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Burda
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Baray JL, Duflot V, Posny F, Cammas JP, Thompson AM, Gabarrot F, Bonne JL, Zeng G. One year ozonesonde measurements at Kerguelen Island (49.2°S, 70.1°E): Influence of stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange and long-range transport of biomass burning plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Neuman JA, Trainer M, Aikin KC, Angevine WM, Brioude J, Brown SS, de Gouw JA, Dube WP, Flynn JH, Graus M, Holloway JS, Lefer BL, Nedelec P, Nowak JB, Parrish DD, Pollack IB, Roberts JM, Ryerson TB, Smit H, Thouret V, Wagner NL. Observations of ozone transport from the free troposphere to the Los Angeles basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Boynard A, Pfister GG, Edwards DP. Boundary layer versus free tropospheric CO budget and variability over the United States during summertime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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The Impact of Uncertainties in African Biomass Burning Emission Estimates on Modeling Global Air Quality, Long Range Transport and Tropospheric Chemical Lifetimes. ATMOSPHERE 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos3010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McDonald-Buller EC, Allen DT, Brown N, Jacob DJ, Jaffe D, Kolb CE, Lefohn AS, Oltmans S, Parrish DD, Yarwood G, Zhang L. Establishing policy relevant background (PRB) ozone concentrations in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:9484-9497. [PMID: 21985705 DOI: 10.1021/es2022818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Policy Relevant Background (PRB) ozone concentrations are defined by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as those concentrations that would occur in the U.S. in the absence of anthropogenic emissions in continental North America (i.e., the U.S, Canada, and Mexico). Estimates of PRB ozone have had an important role historically in the EPA's human health and welfare risk analyses used in establishing National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The margin of safety for the protection of public health in the ozone rulemaking process has been established from human health risks calculated based on PRB ozone estimates. Sensitivity analyses conducted by the EPA have illustrated that changing estimates of PRB ozone concentrations have a progressively greater impact on estimates of mortality risk as more stringent standards are considered. As defined by the EPA, PRB ozone is a model construct, but it is informed by measurements at relatively remote monitoring sites (RRMS). This review examines the current understanding of PRB ozone, based on both model predictions and measurements at RRMS, and provides recommendations for improving the definition and determination of PRB ozone.
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Cooper M, Martin RV, Sauvage B, Boone CD, Walker KA, Bernath PF, McLinden CA, Degenstein DA, Volz-Thomas A, Wespes C. Evaluation of ACE-FTS and OSIRIS Satellite retrievals of ozone and nitric acid in the tropical upper troposphere: Application to ozone production efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wofsy SC. HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO): fine-grained, global-scale measurements of climatically important atmospheric gases and aerosols. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:2073-86. [PMID: 21502177 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) programme has completed three of five planned aircraft transects spanning the Pacific from 85 ° N to 67 ° S, with vertical profiles every approximately 2.2 ° of latitude. Measurements include greenhouse gases, long-lived tracers, reactive species, O(2)/N(2) ratio, black carbon (BC), aerosols and CO(2) isotopes. Our goals are to address the problem of determining surface emissions, transport strength and patterns, and removal rates of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols at global scales and to provide strong tests of satellite data and global models. HIPPO data show dense pollution and BC at high altitudes over the Arctic, imprints of large N(2)O sources from tropical lands and convective storms, sources of pollution and biogenic CH(4) in the Arctic, and summertime uptake of CO(2) and sources for O(2) at high southern latitudes. Global chemical signatures of atmospheric transport are imaged, showing remarkably sharp horizontal gradients at air mass boundaries, weak vertical gradients and inverted profiles (maxima aloft) in both hemispheres. These features challenge satellite algorithms, global models and inversion analyses to derive surface fluxes. HIPPO data can play a crucial role in identifying and resolving questions of global sources, sinks and transport of atmospheric gases and aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Wofsy
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Bourgeois Q, Bey I. Pollution transport efficiency toward the Arctic: Sensitivity to aerosol scavenging and source regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Wargan K, Pawson S, Stajner I, Thouret V. Spatial structure of assimilated ozone in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Wargan
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Applications International Corporation; Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - Valérie Thouret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UPS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; CNRS; Toulouse France
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Schmidt T, Cammas JP, Smit HGJ, Heise S, Wickert J, Haser A. Observational characteristics of the tropopause inversion layer derived from CHAMP/GRACE radio occultations and MOZAIC aircraft data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Schmidt
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences; Potsdam Germany
| | - J.-P. Cammas
- Laboratoire d'Aerologie; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - H. G. J. Smit
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Troposphere; Research Centre Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - S. Heise
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences; Potsdam Germany
| | - J. Wickert
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences; Potsdam Germany
| | - A. Haser
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences; Potsdam Germany
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Worden J, Jones DBA, Liu J, Parrington M, Bowman K, Stajner I, Beer R, Jiang J, Thouret V, Kulawik S, Li JLF, Verma S, Worden H. Observed vertical distribution of tropospheric ozone during the Asian summertime monsoon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tangborn A, Stajner I, Buchwitz M, Khlystova I, Pawson S, Burrows J, Hudman R, Nedelec P. Assimilation of SCIAMACHY total column CO observations: Global and regional analysis of data impact. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Sawa Y, Machida T, Matsueda H. Seasonal variations of CO2near the tropopause observed by commercial aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Choi Y, Wang Y, Zeng T, Cunnold D, Yang ES, Martin R, Chance K, Thouret V, Edgerton E. Springtime transitions of NO2, CO, and O3over North America: Model evaluation and analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koumoutsaris S, Bey I, Generoso S, Thouret V. Influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the interannual variability of tropospheric ozone in the northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stajner I, Wargan K, Pawson S, Hayashi H, Chang LP, Hudman RC, Froidevaux L, Livesey N, Levelt PF, Thompson AM, Tarasick DW, Stübi R, Andersen SB, Yela M, König-Langlo G, Schmidlin FJ, Witte JC. Assimilated ozone from EOS-Aura: Evaluation of the tropopause region and tropospheric columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Søvde OA, Gauss M, Smyshlyaev SP, Isaksen ISA. Evaluation of the chemical transport model Oslo CTM2 with focus on arctic winter ozone depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Zubrow A, Chen L, Kotamarthi VR. EAKF-CMAQ: Introduction and evaluation of a data assimilation for CMAQ based on the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Saunois M, Mari C, Thouret V, Cammas JP, Peyrillé P, Lafore JP, Sauvage B, Volz-Thomas A, Nédélec P, Pinty JP. An idealized two-dimensional approach to study the impact of the West African monsoon on the meridional gradient of tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Livesey NJ, Filipiak MJ, Froidevaux L, Read WG, Lambert A, Santee ML, Jiang JH, Pumphrey HC, Waters JW, Cofield RE, Cuddy DT, Daffer WH, Drouin BJ, Fuller RA, Jarnot RF, Jiang YB, Knosp BW, Li QB, Perun VS, Schwartz MJ, Snyder WV, Stek PC, Thurstans RP, Wagner PA, Avery M, Browell EV, Cammas JP, Christensen LE, Diskin GS, Gao RS, Jost HJ, Loewenstein M, Lopez JD, Nedelec P, Osterman GB, Sachse GW, Webster CR. Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder O3and CO observations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsueda H, Machida T, Sawa Y, Nakagawa Y, Hirotani K, Ikeda H, Kondo N, Goto K. Evaluation of atmospheric CO2 measurements from new flask air sampling of JAL airliner observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.59.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Read WG, Lambert A, Bacmeister J, Cofield RE, Christensen LE, Cuddy DT, Daffer WH, Drouin BJ, Fetzer E, Froidevaux L, Fuller R, Herman R, Jarnot RF, Jiang JH, Jiang YB, Kelly K, Knosp BW, Kovalenko LJ, Livesey NJ, Liu HC, Manney GL, Pickett HM, Pumphrey HC, Rosenlof KH, Sabounchi X, Santee ML, Schwartz MJ, Snyder WV, Stek PC, Su H, Takacs LL, Thurstans RP, Vömel H, Wagner PA, Waters JW, Webster CR, Weinstock EM, Wu DL. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric H2O and relative humidity with respect to ice validation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Kley D, Smit HGJ, Nawrath S, Luo Z, Nedelec P, Johnson RH. Tropical Atlantic convection as revealed by ozone and relative humidity measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Chai T, Carmichael GR, Tang Y, Sandu A, Hardesty M, Pilewskie P, Whitlow S, Browell EV, Avery MA, Nédélec P, Merrill JT, Thompson AM, Williams E. Four-dimensional data assimilation experiments with International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation ozone measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Bousserez N, Attié JL, Peuch VH, Michou M, Pfister G, Edwards D, Emmons L, Mari C, Barret B, Arnold SR, Heckel A, Richter A, Schlager H, Lewis A, Avery M, Sachse G, Browell EV, Hair JW. Evaluation of the MOCAGE chemistry transport model during the ICARTT/ITOP experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bousserez
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - J. L. Attié
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - V. H. Peuch
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques/Météo France; Toulouse France
| | - M. Michou
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques/Météo France; Toulouse France
| | - G. Pfister
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Edwards
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. Emmons
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Mari
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - B. Barret
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - S. R. Arnold
- Institute for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. Heckel
- Institute of Environmental Physics; Bremen Germany
| | - A. Richter
- Institute of Environmental Physics; Bremen Germany
| | - H. Schlager
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Operpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - M. Avery
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - G. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | | | - J. W. Hair
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
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39
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Pfister GG, Emmons LK, Hess PG, Honrath R, Lamarque JF, Val Martin M, Owen RC, Avery MA, Browell EV, Holloway JS, Nedelec P, Purvis R, Ryerson TB, Sachse GW, Schlager H. Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Fehsenfeld FC, Ancellet G, Bates TS, Goldstein AH, Hardesty RM, Honrath R, Law KS, Lewis AC, Leaitch R, McKeen S, Meagher J, Parrish DD, Pszenny AAP, Russell PB, Schlager H, Seinfeld J, Talbot R, Zbinden R. International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe-Overview of the 2004 summer field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Ancellet
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - T. S. Bates
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. M. Hardesty
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Honrath
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Michigan Technological University; Houghton Michigan USA
| | - K. S. Law
- Service d'Aéronomie du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - A. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York UK
| | - R. Leaitch
- Science and Technology Branch; Environment Canada; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - S. McKeen
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Meagher
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Earth System Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. A. P. Pszenny
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling Germany
| | - J. Seinfeld
- Departments of Environmental Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - R. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - R. Zbinden
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées; UMR 5560, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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41
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Oikonomou EK, O'Neill A. Evaluation of ozone and water vapor fields from the ECMWF reanalysis ERA-40 during 1991–1999 in comparison with UARS satellite and MOZAIC aircraft observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Liu X, Chance K, Sioris CE, Kurosu TP, Spurr RJD, Martin RV, Fu TM, Logan JA, Jacob DJ, Palmer PI, Newchurch MJ, Megretskaia IA, Chatfield RB. First directly retrieved global distribution of tropospheric column ozone from GOME: Comparison with the GEOS-CHEM model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Sauvage B, Thouret V, Thompson AM, Witte JC, Cammas JP, Nédélec P, Athier G. Enhanced view of the “tropical Atlantic ozone paradox” and “zonal wave one” from the in situ MOZAIC and SHADOZ data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kunhikrishnan T, Lawrence MG, von Kuhlmann R, Wenig MO, Asman WAH, Richter A, Burrows JP. Regional NOxemission strength for the Indian subcontinent and the impact of emissions from India and neighboring countries on regional O3chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bortz SE, Prather MJ, Cammas JP, Thouret V, Smit H. Ozone, water vapor, and temperature in the upper tropical troposphere: Variations over a decade of MOZAIC measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Morris GA, Hersey S, Thompson AM, Pawson S, Nielsen JE, Colarco PR, McMillan WW, Stohl A, Turquety S, Warner J, Johnson BJ, Kucsera TL, Larko DE, Oltmans SJ, Witte JC. Alaskan and Canadian forest fires exacerbate ozone pollution over Houston, Texas, on 19 and 20 July 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Flentje H. Water vapor heterogeneity related to tropopause folds over the North Atlantic revealed by airborne water vapor differential absorption lidar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Kuell V. Tropopause region temperatures and CFC 11 mixing ratios from CRISTA 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Auvray M. Long-range transport to Europe: Seasonal variations and implications for the European ozone budget. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Huntrieser H. Intercontinental air pollution transport from North America to Europe: Experimental evidence from airborne measurements and surface observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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