Land Subsidence Assessment for Wind Turbine Location in the South-Western Part of Madagascar

Finding a suitable location is a key factor for long-term investment in wind turbine energy. It includes understanding the area of interest, such as the subsidence of the land. Land subsidence is a gradual decrease in the surface of the Earth due to natural and/or induced causes. It can cause damage, such as settlement problems in the ground near infrastructure including buildings and wind turbines, thus not being a suitable place for long-term investment. Here, we show a case study of land subsidence prediction and assessment of the Atsimo Andrefana region, the great south-western part of Madagascar, using theoretical simulation and satellite images from the Sentinel-1 mission using D-InSAR method. The predicted land subsidence related to the depletion of groundwater reservoirs in the Atsimo Andrefana region is around 12 mm. We found ~5 mm of subsidence related to the growing city of Toliary and with an average subsidence of 124 mm and the highest record of 167 mm in the most southern part of the region for a period of 6 months. The spatial distribution of land subsidence allows us to choose the ideal location for wind turbine settlement, where land subsidence is not that severe, i.e., the areas with subsidence relatively low of equal or less than 10 mm within 6 months of observation, based on the processed data. Such results are essential for future environmentally friendly investments in the affected region, as the demand for green energy will always grow.