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Pettit JM, Randall CE, Peck ED, Harvey VL. A New MEPED-Based Precipitating Electron Data Set. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2021; 126:e2021JA029667. [PMID: 35865355 PMCID: PMC9286694 DOI: 10.1029/2021ja029667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The work presented here introduces a new data set for inclusion of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) in climate model simulations. Measurements made by the medium energy proton and electron detector (MEPED) instruments onboard both the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites and the European Space Agency Meteorological Operational satellites are used to create global maps of precipitating electron fluxes. Unlike most previous data sets, the electron fluxes are computed using both the 0° and 90° MEPED detectors. Conversion of observed, broadband electron count rates to differential spectral fluxes uses a linear combination of analytical functions instead of a single function. Two dimensional maps of electron spectral flux are created using Delaunay triangulation to account for the relatively sparse nature of the MEPED sampling. This improves on previous studies that use a 1D interpolation over magnetic local time or L-shell zonal averaging of the MEPED data. A Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) simulation of the southern hemisphere 2003 winter using the new precipitating electron data set is shown to agree more closely with observations of odd nitrogen than WACCM simulations using other MEPED-based electron data sets. Simulated EEP-induced odd nitrogen increases led to ozone losses of more than 15% in the polar stratosphere near 10 hPa in September of 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Pettit
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - Cora E. Randall
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - V. Lynn Harvey
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
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Harvey VL, Datta‐Barua S, Pedatella NM, Wang N, Randall CE, Siskind DE, van Caspel WE. Transport of Nitric Oxide Via Lagrangian Coherent Structures Into the Top of the Polar Vortex. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2021; 126:e2020JD034523. [PMID: 34221782 PMCID: PMC8243962 DOI: 10.1029/2020jd034523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The energetic particle precipitation (EPP) indirect effect (IE) refers to the downward transport of reactive odd nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2) produced by EPP (EPP-NOx) from the polar winter mesosphere and lower thermosphere to the stratosphere where it can destroy ozone. Previous studies of the EPP IE examined NOx descent averaged over the polar region, but the work presented here considers longitudinal variations. We report that the January 2009 split Arctic vortex in the stratosphere left an imprint on the distribution of NO near the mesopause, and that the magnitude of EPP-NOx descent in the upper mesosphere depends strongly on the planetary wave (PW) phase. We focus on an 11-day case study in late January immediately following the 2009 sudden stratospheric warming during which regional-scale Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) formed atop the strengthening mesospheric vortex. The LCSs emerged over the north Atlantic in the vicinity of the trough of a 10-day westward traveling planetary wave. Over the next week, the LCSs acted to confine NO-rich air to polar latitudes, effectively prolonging its lifetime as it descended into the top of the polar vortex. Both a whole atmosphere data assimilation model and satellite observations show that the PW trough remained coincident in space and time with the NO-rich air as both migrated westward over the Canadian Arctic. Estimates of descent rates indicate five times stronger descent inside the PW trough compared to other longitudes. This case serves to set the stage for future climatological analysis of NO transport via LCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Lynn Harvey
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - Seebany Datta‐Barua
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoILUSA
| | | | - Ningchao Wang
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesHampton UniversityHamptonVAUSA
| | - Cora E. Randall
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | | | - Willem E. van Caspel
- Department of PhysicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNorway
- Birkeland Centre for Space Science, University of BergenBergenNorway
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Dirksen RJ, Boersma KF, Eskes HJ, Ionov DV, Bucsela EJ, Levelt PF, Kelder HM. Evaluation of stratospheric NO2retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Intercomparison, diurnal cycle, and trending. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sinnhuber M, Kazeminejad S, Wissing JM. Interannual variation of NOxfrom the lower thermosphere to the upper stratosphere in the years 1991-2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sinnhuber
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - S. Kazeminejad
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Space Agency; Bonn Germany
| | - J. M. Wissing
- Department of Physics; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
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Reddmann T, Ruhnke R, Versick S, Kouker W. Modeling disturbed stratospheric chemistry during solar-induced NOxenhancements observed with MIPAS/ENVISAT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seppälä A, Randall CE, Clilverd MA, Rozanov E, Rodger CJ. Geomagnetic activity and polar surface air temperature variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja014029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Seppälä
- Physical Sciences Division; British Antarctic Survey (NERC); Cambridge UK
| | - C. E. Randall
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. A. Clilverd
- Physical Sciences Division; British Antarctic Survey (NERC); Cambridge UK
| | - E. Rozanov
- Physical-Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. J. Rodger
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science; Eidgenoössische Technische Hochschule; Zurich Switzerland
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Jackman CH, Marsh DR, Vitt FM, Garcia RR, Randall CE, Fleming EL, Frith SM. Long-term middle atmospheric influence of very large solar proton events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Marsh DR, Garcia RR, Kinnison DE, Boville BA, Sassi F, Solomon SC, Matthes K. Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lu H, Jarvis MJ, Graf HF, Young PC, Horne RB. Atmospheric temperature responses to solar irradiance and geomagnetic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Randall CE, Harvey VL, Singleton CS, Bailey SM, Bernath PF, Codrescu M, Nakajima H, Russell JM. Energetic particle precipitation effects on the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere in 1992–2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vaughan G, Quinn PT, Green AC, Bean J, Roscoe HK, van Roozendael M, Goutail F. SAOZ measurements of NO2 at Aberystwyth. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2006; 8:353-61. [PMID: 16528419 DOI: 10.1039/b511482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present in this paper fifteen years' measurements, from March 1991 to September 2005, of stratospheric NO2 vertical columns measured by a SAOZ zenith-sky visible spectrometer. The instrument spent most of its time at Aberystwyth, Wales, with occasional excursions to other locations. The data have been analysed with the WinDOAS analysis program with low-temperature high-resolution NO2 cross-sections and fitting a slit function to each spectrum. Because of a change in detector in May 1998 there is some uncertainty about the relative changes before and after this date, which are partially constrained by the results of an intercomparison exercise. However, the effect of the Mt Pinatubo aerosol cloud is very evident in the data from 1991-94, with a decrease of 10% in NO2 in the summer of 1992 (the SAOZ was located in Lerwick, Scotland during the winter of 1991-92 and observed very low NO2 values but these cannot be directly compared to the Aberystwyth data). To focus more on interannual and long-term variations in NO2, a seasonal variation comprising an annual and semi-annual component was fitted to the morning and evening twilight separately from 1995 to the present. This fit yielded average NO2 columns of 4.08 x 10(15) cm(-2) and 2.68 x 10(15) cm(-2) for the evening and morning twilight, respectively, with a corresponding annual amplitude of +/-2.08 x 10(15) cm(-2) and +/-1.50 x 10(15) cm(-2). Departures from the fitted curve show a trend of 6% per decade, consistent with that reported elsewhere, for the period 1998-2003, but in the past two years a distinct interannual variation of amplitude of approximately 8% has emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vaughan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M60 1QD, UK.
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Funke B. Retrieval of stratospheric NOxfrom 5.3 and 6.2 μm nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium emissions measured by Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Funke B, López-Puertas M, Gil-López S, von Clarmann T, Stiller GP, Fischer H, Kellmann S. Downward transport of upper atmospheric NOxinto the polar stratosphere and lower mesosphere during the Antarctic 2003 and Arctic 2002/2003 winters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wenig M, Kühl S, Beirle S, Bucsela E, Jähne B, Platt U, Gleason J, Wagner T. Retrieval and analysis of stratospheric NO2from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wenig
- Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - S. Kühl
- Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - S. Beirle
- Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - E. Bucsela
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - B. Jähne
- Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - U. Platt
- Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
| | - J. Gleason
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - T. Wagner
- Institut für Umweltphysik (IUP); Heidelberg University; Heidelberg Germany
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Santee ML. Three-dimensional structure and evolution of stratospheric HNO3based on UARS Microwave Limb Sounder measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karhu JA. Vertical distribution of ozone at Marambio, Antarctic Peninsula, during 1987–1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Danilin MY. Trajectory hunting as an effective technique to validate multiplatform measurements: Analysis of the MLS, HALOE, SAGE-II, ILAS, and POAM-II data in October–November 1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baker DN, Barth CA, Mankoff KE, Kanekal SG, Bailey SM, Mason GM, Mazur JE. Relationships between precipitating auroral zone electrons and lower thermospheric nitric oxide densities: 1998 - 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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de Zafra R, Smyshlyaev SP. On the formation of HNO3in the Antarctic mid to upper stratosphere in winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Callis LB, Natarajan M, Lambeth JD. Solar-atmospheric coupling by electrons (SOLACE): 3. Comparisons of simulations and observations, 1979-1997, issues and implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Randall CE, Bevilacqua RM, Lumpe JD, Hoppel KW, Rusch DW, Shettle EP. Comparison of Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) II and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II aerosol measurements from 1994 to 1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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On the coupling between middle and upper atmospheric odd nitrogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm123p0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lucke RL, Korwan DR, Bevilacqua RM, Hornstein JS, Shettle EP, Chen DT, Daehler M, Lumpe JD, Fromm MD, Debrestian D, Neff B, Squire M, König-Langlo G, Davies J. The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instrument and early validation results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rinsland CP, Salawitch RJ, Gunson MR, Solomon S, Zander R, Mahieu E, Goldman A, Newchurch MJ, Irion FW, Chang AY. Polar stratospheric descent of NOyand CO and Arctic denitrification during winter 1992-1993. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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