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Kong Y, Zhi G, Jin W, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Li Z, Sun J, Ren Y. A review of quantification methods for light absorption enhancement of black carbon aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171539. [PMID: 38462012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a distinct type of carbonaceous aerosol that has a significant impact on the environment, human health, and climate. A non-BC material coating on BC can alter the mixing state of the BC particles, which considerably enhances the mass absorption efficiency of BC by directing more energy toward the BC cores (lensing effect). A lot of methods have been reported for quantifying the enhancement factor (Eabs), with diverse results. However, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review specific to the quantification methods for Eabs has not been systematically performed, which is unfavorable for the evaluation of obtained results and subsequent radiative forcing. In this review, quantification methods are divided into two broad categories, direct and indirect, depending on whether experimental removal of the coating layer from an aged carbonaceous particle is required. The direct methods described include thermal peeling, solvent dissolution, and optical virtual exfoliation, while the indirect methods include intercept-linear regression fitting, minimum R squared, numerical simulation, and empirical value. We summarized the principles, procedures, virtues, and limitations of the major Eabs quantification methods and analyzed the current problems in the determination of Eabs. We pointed out what breakthroughs are needed to improve or innovate Eabs quantification methods, particularly regarding the need to avoid the influence of brown carbon, develop a broadband Eabs quantification scheme, quantify the Eabs values for the emissions of low-efficiency combustions, measure the Eabs of particles in a high-humidity environment, design a real-time monitor of Eabs by a proper combination of mature techniques, and make more use of artificial intelligence for better Eabs quantification. This review deepens the understanding of Eabs quantification methods and benefits the estimation of the contribution of BC to radiative forcing using climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guorui Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenjing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhengying Li
- Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- School of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Yanjun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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2
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Can the Aerosol Absorption Ångström Exponent Represent Aerosol Color in the Atmosphere: A Numerical Study. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aerosol absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) is widely used to indicate aerosol absorption spectrum variations and is an important parameter for characterizing aerosol optical absorption properties. This study discusses the relationship between aerosol AAEs and their colors numerically. By combining light scattering simulations, a two-stream radiative transfer model, and an RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) color model, aerosol colors that can be sensed by human eyes are numerically generated with both the solar spectrum and human eye response taken into account. Our results indicate that the responses of human eyes to visible light might be more significant than the incident spectrum in the simulation of aerosol color in the atmosphere. Using the improved numerical simulation algorithm, we obtain the color change of absorption aerosols with different AAEs. When the AAE value is small, the color of the aerosol is generally black and gray. When the AAE value increases to approximately 2 and the difference between the light transmittances at wavelengths of 400 nm and 730 nm is greater than 0.2, the aerosol will appear brown or yellow.
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Tiwari S, Srivastava AK, Singh AK, Singh S. Identification of aerosol types over Indo-Gangetic Basin: implications to optical properties and associated radiative forcing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12246-60. [PMID: 25893625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aerosols in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) are a mixture of sulfate, dust, black carbon, and other soluble and insoluble components. It is a challenge not only to identify these various aerosol types, but also to assess the optical and radiative implications of these components. In the present study, appropriate thresholds for fine-mode fraction and single-scattering albedo have been used to first identify the aerosol types over IGB. Four major aerosol types may be identified as polluted dust (PD), polluted continental (PC), black carbon-enriched (BCE), and organic carbon-enriched (OCE). Further, the implications of these different types of aerosols on optical properties and radiative forcing have been studied. The aerosol products derived from CIMEL sun/sky radiometer measurements, deployed under Aerosol Robotic Network program of NASA, USA were used from four different sites Karachi, Lahore, Jaipur, and Kanpur, spread over Pakistan and Northern India. PD is the most dominant aerosol type at Karachi and Jaipur, contributing more than 50% of all the aerosol types. OCE, on the other hand, contributes only about 12-15% at all the stations except at Kanpur where its contribution is ∼38%. The spectral dependence of AOD was relatively low for PD aerosol type, with the lowest AE values (<0.5); whereas, large spectral dependence in AOD was observed for the remaining aerosol types, with the highest AE values (>1.0). SSA was found to be the highest for OCE (>0.9) and the lowest for BCE (<0.9) type aerosols, with drastically different spectral variability. The direct aerosol radiative forcing at the surface and in the atmosphere was found to be the maximum at Lahore among all the four stations in the IGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Atmospheric Research Lab., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Muyimbwa D, Frette Ø, Stamnes JJ, Ssenyonga T, Chen YC, Hamre B. Aerosol optical properties and precipitable water vapor column in the atmosphere of Norway. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:1505-1514. [PMID: 25968219 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Between February 2012 and April 2014, we measured and analyzed direct solar radiances at a ground-based station in Bergen, Norway. We discovered that the spectral aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and precipitable water vapor column (PWVC) retrieved from these measurements have a seasonal variation with highest values in summer and lowest values in winter. The highest value of the monthly median AOT at 440 nm of about 0.16 was measured in July and the lowest of about 0.04 was measured in December. The highest value of the monthly median PWVC of about 2.0 cm was measured in July and the lowest of about 0.4 cm was measured in December. We derived Ångström exponents that were used to deduce aerosol particle size distributions. We found that coarse-mode aerosol particles dominated most of the time during the measurement period, but fine-mode aerosol particles dominated during the winter seasons. The derived Ångström exponent values suggested that aerosols containing sea salt could have been dominating at this station during the measurement period.
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5
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Ma L, Thompson JE. Optical Properties of Dispersed Aerosols in the Near Ultraviolet (355 nm): Measurement Approach and Initial Data. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5611-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, MS1061, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, MS1061, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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6
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Zhu L, Martins JV, Remer LA. Biomass burning aerosol absorption measurements with MODIS using the critical reflectance method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Lynch DK, Bernstein LS. Color of smoke from brush fires. APPLIED OPTICS 2008; 47:H143-H148. [PMID: 19037335 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.00h143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Smoke clouds from brush fires usually appear reddish or brownish when viewed from below in transmission, while a thin smoke cloud or part of a thick cloud near its periphery is noticeably bluish. Yet, when viewed from above in backscatter, the smoke appears bluish-white. We present observations of smoke clouds and explain their varied colors using a simple one-dimensional two-stream multiple scattering/absorbing radiative transfer approach for a model cloud whose particles are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, the Rayleigh limit. The colors are purely the result of Rayleigh scattering and are not significantly influenced by the intrinsic color (wavelength-dependent albedo) of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Lynch
- Thule Scientific, 22914 Portage Circle Drive, Topanga, California 90290, USA.
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Chen WT, Kahn RA, Nelson D, Yau K, Seinfeld JH. Sensitivity of multiangle imaging to the optical and microphysical properties of biomass burning aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Ogunjobi KO, Kim YJ. Aerosol characteristics and surface radiative forcing components during a dust outbreak in Gwangju, Republic of Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2008; 137:111-26. [PMID: 17458510 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric surface aerosol radiative forcing (SARF) DeltaF, forcing efficiency DeltaF(e) and fractional forcing efficiency DeltaFF(e) evaluated from cloud-screened narrowband spectral and thermal-offset-corrected radiometric observations during the Asia dust outbreak episodes in Gwangju, Republic of Korea are reported in this study. Columnar aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth (AOD), tau (alambda), Angstrom exponent alpha, mass concentration of fine and coarse mode particles) were also reported for the station between January 2000 and May 2001 consisting of 211cloud-free days. Results indicate that majority of the AOD were within the range 0.25-0.45 while some high aerosol events in which AODs > or = 0.6 were observed during the severe dust episodes. For example, AOD increases from annual average value of 0.34 +/- 0.13 at 501 nm to values >0.60 during the major dust events of March 27-30 and April 7-9, 2000, respectively. The alpha (501-870 nm) which is often used as a qualitative indicator of aerosol particle size had values ranging from 0.01 to 1.77. The diurnal forcing efficiency DeltaDF(e) at Gwangju was estimated to be -81.10 +/- 5.14 W m (-2)/tau (501 nm) and -47.09 +/- 2.20 W m (-2)/tau (501 nm) for the total solar broadband and visible band pass, respectively while the fractional diurnal forcing efficiency DeltaFDF(e) were -15.8 +/- 0.64%/tau (501 nm) and -22.87 +/- 1.13%/tau (501 nm) for the same band passes. Analyses of the 5-day air-mass back trajectories were further developed for Gwangju in order to classify the air-mass and types of aerosol reaching the site during the Asia dust episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Ogunjobi
- Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.
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10
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Kuzmanoski M, Box MA, Schmid B, Russell PB, Redemann J. Case study of modeled aerosol optical properties during the SAFARI 2000 campaign. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:5263-75. [PMID: 17676140 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.005263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present modeled aerosol optical properties (single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, and lidar ratio) in two layers with different aerosol loadings and particle sizes, observed during the Southern African Regional Science Initiative 2,000 (SAFARI 2,000) campaign. The optical properties were calculated from aerosol size distributions retrieved from aerosol layer optical thickness spectra, measured using the NASA Ames airborne tracking 14-channel sunphotometer (AATS-14) and the refractive index based on the available information on aerosol chemical composition. The study focuses on sensitivity of modeled optical properties in the 0.3-1.5 microm wavelength range to assumptions regarding the mixing scenario. We considered two models for the mixture of absorbing and nonabsorbing aerosol components commonly used to model optical properties of biomass burning aerosol: a layered sphere with absorbing core and nonabsorbing shell and the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium model. In addition, comparisons of modeled optical properties with the measurements are discussed. We also estimated the radiative effect of the difference in aerosol absorption implied by the large difference between the single scattering albedo values (approximately 0.1 at midvisible wavelengths) obtained from different measurement methods for the case with a high amount of biomass burning particles. For that purpose, the volume fraction of black carbon was varied to obtain a range of single scattering albedo values (0.81-0.91 at lambda=0.50 microm). The difference in absorption resulted in a significant difference in the instantaneous radiative forcing at the surface and the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and can result in a change of the sign of the aerosol forcing at TOA from negative to positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanoski
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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11
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Hu RM, Martin RV, Fairlie TD. Global retrieval of columnar aerosol single scattering albedo from space-based observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Schuster GL, Dubovik O, Holben BN. Angstrom exponent and bimodal aerosol size distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Singh RP, Dey S, Tripathi SN, Tare V, Holben B. Variability of aerosol parameters over Kanpur, northern India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. P. Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - Sagnik Dey
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - S. N. Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - Vinod Tare
- Department of Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - Brent Holben
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
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14
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Kirchstetter TW, Novakov T, Hobbs PV. Evidence that the spectral dependence of light absorption by aerosols is affected by organic carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1004] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Kirchstetter
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California USA
| | - T. Novakov
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California USA
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Atmospheric Sciences Department; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
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15
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Asseng H, Ruhtz T, Fischer J. Sun and aureole spectrometer for airborne measurements to derive aerosol optical properties. APPLIED OPTICS 2004; 43:2146-2155. [PMID: 15074425 DOI: 10.1364/ao.43.002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have designed an airborne spectrometer system for the simultaneous measurement of the direct Sun irradiance and aureole radiance. The instrument is based on diffraction grating spectrometers with linear image sensors. It is robust, lightweight, compact, and reliable, characteristics that are important for airborne applications. The multispectral radiation measurements are used to derive optical properties of tropospheric aerosols. We extract the altitude dependence of the aerosol volume scattering function and of the aerosol optical depth by using flight patterns with descents and ascents ranging from the surface level to the top of the boundary layer. The extinction coefficient and the product of single scattering albedo and phase function of separate layers can be derived from the airborne measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Asseng
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Weltraumwissenschaften, Carl-Heinrich-Becker Weg 6-10, 12165 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Rodriguez MA. IMAGES-SCAPE2: A modeling study of size- and chemically resolved aerosol thermodynamics in a global chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Petters JL, Saxena VK, Slusser JR, Wenny BN, Madronich S. Aerosol single scattering albedo retrieved from measurements of surface UV irradiance and a radiative transfer model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Petters
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - V. K. Saxena
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina USA
| | - J. R. Slusser
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - B. N. Wenny
- Science Applications International Corporation; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Sasha Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Boulder Colorado USA
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18
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Bergstrom RW, Pilewskie P, Schmid B, Russell PB. Estimates of the spectral aerosol single scattering albedo and aerosol radiative effects during SAFARI 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beat Schmid
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Sonoma California USA
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19
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Moore KG. Long-range transport of continental plumes over the Pacific Basin: Aerosol physiochemistry and optical properties during PEM-Tropics A and B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Müller D. Indo-Asian pollution during INDOEX: Microphysical particle properties and single-scattering albedo inferred from multiwavelength lidar observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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O'Neill NT, Eck TF, Holben BN, Smirnov A, Royer A, Li Z. Optical properties of boreal forest fire smoke derived from Sun photometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. T. O'Neill
- CARTEL; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, Quebec Canada
| | - T. F. Eck
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - B. N. Holben
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - A. Smirnov
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland-Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - A. Royer
- CARTEL; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, Quebec Canada
| | - Z. Li
- Canada Centre for Remote Sensing; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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22
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Schafer JS. Atmospheric effects on insolation in the Brazilian Amazon: Observed modification of solar radiation by clouds and smoke and derived single scattering albedo of fire aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Léon JF. Aerosol direct radiative impact over the INDOEX area based on passive and active remote sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Cede A. Monitoring of erythemal irradiance in the Argentine ultraviolet network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Tanré D, Kaufman YJ, Holben BN, Chatenet B, Karnieli A, Lavenu F, Blarel L, Dubovik O, Remer LA, Smirnov A. Climatology of dust aerosol size distribution and optical properties derived from remotely sensed data in the solar spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Jacobson MZ. Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols. Nature 2001; 409:695-7. [PMID: 11217854 DOI: 10.1038/35055518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aerosols affect the Earth's temperature and climate by altering the radiative properties of the atmosphere. A large positive component of this radiative forcing from aerosols is due to black carbon--soot--that is released from the burning of fossil fuel and biomass, and, to a lesser extent, natural fires, but the exact forcing is affected by how black carbon is mixed with other aerosol constituents. From studies of aerosol radiative forcing, it is known that black carbon can exist in one of several possible mixing states; distinct from other aerosol particles (externally mixed) or incorporated within them (internally mixed), or a black-carbon core could be surrounded by a well mixed shell. But so far it has been assumed that aerosols exist predominantly as an external mixture. Here I simulate the evolution of the chemical composition of aerosols, finding that the mixing state and direct forcing of the black-carbon component approach those of an internal mixture, largely due to coagulation and growth of aerosol particles. This finding implies a higher positive forcing from black carbon than previously thought, suggesting that the warming effect from black carbon may nearly balance the net cooling effect of other anthropogenic aerosol constituents. The magnitude of the direct radiative forcing from black carbon itself exceeds that due to CH4, suggesting that black carbon may be the second most important component of global warming after CO2 in terms of direct forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Jacobson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, California 94305-4020, USA.
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27
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How well do aerosol retrievals from satellites and representation in global circulation models match ground-based AERONET aerosol statistics? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-48149-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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28
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Christopher SA, Li X, Welch RM, Reid JS, Hobbs PV, Eck TF, Holben B. Estimation of Surface and Top-of-Atmosphere Shortwave Irradiance in Biomass-Burning Regions during SCAR-B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450-39.10.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using in situ measurements of aerosol optical properties and ground-based measurements of aerosol optical thickness (τs) during the Smoke, Clouds and Radiation—Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment, a four-stream broadband radiative transfer model is used to estimate the downward shortwave irradiance (DSWI) and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) in cloud-free regions dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil. The calculated DSWI values are compared with broadband pyranometer measurements made at the surface. The results show that, for two days when near-coincident measurements of single-scattering albedo ω0 and τs are available, the root-mean-square errors between the measured and calculated DSWI for daytime data are within 30 W m−2. For five days during SCAR-B, however, when assumptions about ω0 have to be made and also when τs was significantly higher, the differences can be as large as 100 W m−2. At TOA, the SWARF per unit optical thickness ranges from −20 to −60 W m−2 over four major ecosystems in South America. The results show that τs and ω0 are the two most important parameters that affect DSWI calculations. For SWARF values, surface albedos also play an important role. It is shown that ω0 must be known within 0.05 and τs at 0.55 μm must be known to within 0.1 to estimate DSWI to within 20 W m−2. The methodology described in this paper could serve as a potential strategy for determining DSWI values in the presence of aerosols. The wavelength dependence of τs and ω0 over the entire shortwave spectrum is needed to improve radiative transfer calculations. If global retrievals of DSWI and SWARF from satellite measurements are to be performed in the presence of biomass-burning aerosols on a routine basis, a concerted effort should be made to develop methodologies for estimating ω0 and τs from satellite and ground-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar A. Christopher
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Ronald M. Welch
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Jeffrey S. Reid
- Atmospheric Propagation Branch-D858 Branch, Space and Naval Warfare System Center, San Diego, California
| | - Peter V. Hobbs
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas F. Eck
- Raytheon Corporation, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
| | - Brent Holben
- Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
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Dubovik O, King MD. A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1716] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dubovik O, Smirnov A, Holben BN, King MD, Kaufman YJ, Eck TF, Slutsker I. Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun and sky radiance measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1327] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Mishchenko MI, Geogdzhayev IV, Cairns B, Rossow WB, Lacis AA. Aerosol retrievals over the ocean by use of channels 1 and 2 AVHRR data: sensitivity analysis and preliminary results. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:7325-41. [PMID: 18324281 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.007325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We outline the methodology of interpreting channels 1 and 2 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) radiance data over the oceans and describe a detailed analysis of the sensitivity of monthly averages of retrieved aerosol parameters to the assumptions made in different retrieval algorithms. The analysis is based on using real AVHRR data and exploiting accurate numerical techniques for computing single and multiple scattering and spectral absorption of light in the vertically inhomogeneous atmosphere-ocean system. We show that two-channel algorithms can be expected to provide significantly more accurate and less biased retrievals of the aerosol optical thickness than one-channel algorithms and that imperfect cloud screening and calibration uncertainties are by far the largest sources of errors in the retrieved aerosol parameters. Both underestimating and overestimating aerosol absorption as well as the potentially strong variability of the real part of the aerosol refractive index may lead to regional and/or seasonal biases in optical-thickness retrievals. The Angström exponent appears to be the aerosol size characteristic that is least sensitive to the choice of aerosol model and should be retrieved along with optical thickness as the second aerosol parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Mishchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
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Kaufman YJ, Hobbs PV, Kirchhoff VWJH, Artaxo P, Remer LA, Holben BN, King MD, Ward DE, Prins EM, Longo KM, Mattos LF, Nobre CA, Spinhirne JD, Ji Q, Thompson AM, Gleason JF, Christopher SA, Tsay SC. Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Yamasoe MA, Kaufman YJ, Dubovik O, Remer LA, Holben BN, Artaxo P. Retrieval of the real part of the refractive index of smoke particles from Sun/sky measurements during SCAR-B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Chu DA, Kaufman YJ, Remer LA, Holben BN. Remote sensing of smoke from MODIS airborne simulator during the SCAR-B experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Ross JL, Hobbs PV, Holben B. Radiative characteristics of regional hazes dominated by smoke from biomass burning in Brazil: Closure tests and direct radiative forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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