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Cabaniss HE, Gregg PM, Nooner SL, Chadwick WW. Triggering of eruptions at Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10219. [PMID: 32576880 PMCID: PMC7311472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The submarine volcano Axial Seamount has exhibited an inflation predictable eruption cycle, which allowed for the successful forecast of its 2015 eruption. However, the exact triggering mechanism of its eruptions remains ambiguous. The inflation predictable eruption pattern suggests a magma reservoir pressure threshold at which eruptions occur, and as such, an overpressure eruption triggering mechanism. However, recent models of volcano unrest suggest that eruptions are triggered when conditions of critical stress are achieved in the host rock surrounding a magma reservoir. We test hypotheses of eruption triggering using 3-dimensional finite element models which track stress evolution and mechanical failure in the host rock surrounding the Axial magma reservoir. In addition, we provide an assessment of model sensitivity to various temperature and non-temperature-dependent rheologies and external tectonic stresses. In this way, we assess the contribution of these conditions to volcanic deformation, crustal stress evolution, and eruption forecasts. We conclude that model rheology significantly impacts the predicted timing of through-going failure and eruption. Models consistently predict eruption at a reservoir pressure threshold of 12–14 MPa regardless of assumed model rheology, lending support to the interpretation that eruptions at Axial Seamount are triggered by reservoir overpressurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Cabaniss
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1401 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Patricia M Gregg
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1401 W. Green St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Scott L Nooner
- University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - William W Chadwick
- Oregon State University/Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2115 SE OSU Dr., Newport, OR, 97365, USA
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Humphris SE, Klein F. Progress in Deciphering the Controls on the Geochemistry of Fluids in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2018; 10:315-343. [PMID: 28853997 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, more than 500 sites of seafloor hydrothermal venting have been identified in a range of tectonic environments. These vents represent the seafloor manifestation of hydrothermal convection of seawater through the permeable oceanic basement that is driven by a subsurface heat source. Hydrothermal circulation has fundamental effects on the transfer of heat and mass from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere, the composition of seawater, the physical and chemical properties of the oceanic basement, and vent ecosystems at and below the seafloor. In this review, we compare and contrast the vent fluid chemistry from hydrothermal fields in a range of tectonic settings to assess the relative roles of fluid-mineral equilibria, phase separation, magmatic input, seawater entrainment, and sediment cover in producing the observed range of fluid compositions. We focus particularly on hydrothermal activity in those tectonic environments (e.g., mid-ocean ridge detachment faults, back-arc basins, and island arc volcanoes) where significant progress has been made in the last decade in documenting the variations in vent fluid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Humphris
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543;
| | - Frieder Klein
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
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Schmid F, Schlindwein V, Koulakov I, Plötz A, Scholz JR. Magma plumbing system and seismicity of an active mid-ocean ridge volcano. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42949. [PMID: 28218270 PMCID: PMC5317165 DOI: 10.1038/srep42949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At mid-ocean ridges volcanism generally decreases with spreading rate but surprisingly massive volcanic centres occur at the slowest spreading ridges. These volcanoes can host unexpectedly strong earthquakes and vigorous, explosive submarine eruptions. Our understanding of the geodynamic processes forming these volcanic centres is still incomplete due to a lack of geophysical data and the difficulty to capture their rare phases of magmatic activity. We present a local earthquake tomographic image of the magma plumbing system beneath the Segment 8 volcano at the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge. The tomography shows a confined domain of partial melt under the volcano. We infer that from there melt is horizontally transported to a neighbouring ridge segment at 35 km distance where microearthquake swarms and intrusion tremor occur that suggest ongoing magmatic activity. Teleseismic earthquakes around the Segment 8 volcano, prior to our study, indicate that the current magmatic spreading episode may already have lasted over a decade and hence its temporal extent greatly exceeds the frequent short-lived spreading episodes at faster opening mid-ocean ridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmid
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Vera Schlindwein
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ivan Koulakov
- Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aline Plötz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institue of Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - John-Robert Scholz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Huybers P, Langmuir C, Katz RF, Ferguson D, Proistosescu C, Carbotte S. Comment on “Sensitivity of seafloor bathymetry to climate-driven fluctuations in mid-ocean ridge magma supply”. Science 2016; 352:1405. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aae0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tentler T, Acocella V. How does the initial configuration of oceanic ridge segments affect their interaction? Insights from analogue models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jb006269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Embley RW, Lupton JE. Diking, event plumes, and the subsurface biosphere at mid-ocean ridges. THE SUBSEAFLOOR BIOSPHERE AT MID-OCEAN RIDGES 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/144gm06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Volatiles in submarine environments: Food for life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/144gm11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Maclennan J, McKenzie D, Hilton F, Gronvöld K, Shimizu N. Geochemical variability in a single flow from northern Iceland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Maclennan
- Bullard Laboratories; Department of Earth Sciences; Cambridge UK
| | - D. McKenzie
- Bullard Laboratories; Department of Earth Sciences; Cambridge UK
| | - F. Hilton
- Bullard Laboratories; Department of Earth Sciences; Cambridge UK
| | - K. Gronvöld
- Nordic Volcanological Institute; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - N. Shimizu
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
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Clague DA, Davis AS, Dixon JE. Submarine strombolian eruptions on the Gorda mid-ocean ridge. EXPLOSIVE SUBAQUEOUS VOLCANISM 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/140gm07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Recent MORB Volcaniclastic explosive deposits formed between 500 and 1750 m.b.s.l. on the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, south of the Azores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/140gm09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Chadwick WW. Quantitative constraints on the growth of submarine lava pillars from a monitoring instrument that was caught in a lava flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stewart MA, Klein EM, Karson JA. Geochemistry of dikes and lavas from the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Insights into the four-dimensional character of crustal construction at fast spreading mid-ocean ridges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Stewart
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences; Duke University; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Emily M. Klein
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences; Duke University; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Karson
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences; Duke University; Durham North Carolina USA
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Ito G, Martel SJ. Focusing of magma in the upper mantle through dike interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Ito
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Stephen J. Martel
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
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Karson JA, Tivey MA, Delaney JR. Internal structure of uppermost oceanic crust along the Western Blanco Transform Scarp: Implications for subaxial accretion and deformation at the Juan de Fuca Ridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Karson
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences; Duke University; Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Maurice A. Tivey
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
| | - John R. Delaney
- School of Oceanography; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
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Baker ET, Hey RN, Lupton JE, Resing JA, Feely RA, Gharib JJ, Massoth GJ, Sansone FJ, Kleinrock M, Martinez F, Naar DF, Rodrigo C, Bohnenstiehl D, Pardee D. Hydrothermal venting along Earth's fastest spreading center: East Pacific Rise, 27.5°-32.3°. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. T. Baker
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - R. N. Hey
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - J. E. Lupton
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Newport Oregon USA
| | - J. A. Resing
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean; University of Washington; Seattle Washington USA
| | - R. A. Feely
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - J. J. Gharib
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - G. J. Massoth
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; NOAA; Seattle Washington USA
| | - F. J. Sansone
- Department of Oceanography; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - M. Kleinrock
- Department of Geology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - F. Martinez
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - D. F. Naar
- Department of Marine Science; University of South Florida; St. Petersburg Florida USA
| | - C. Rodrigo
- Servicio Hidrografico y Oceanografico de la Armada; Valparaiso Chile
| | - D. Bohnenstiehl
- Department of Geology; Vanderbilt University; Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - D. Pardee
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology; University of Hawaii; Honolulu Hawaii USA
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Pan Y, Batiza R. Mid-ocean ridge magma chamber processes: Constraints from olivine zonation in lavas from the East Pacific Rise at 9°30′N and 10°30′N. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Pan
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Rodey Batiza
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
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Chadwick WW, Scheirer DS, Embley RW, Johnson HP. High-resolution bathymetric surveys using scanning sonars: Lava flow morphology, hydrothermal vents, and geologic structure at recent eruption sites on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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White SM, Macdonald KC, Haymon RM. Basaltic lava domes, lava lakes, and volcanic segmentation on the southern East Pacific Rise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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