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Nishimura Y, Lyons LR, Gabrielse C, Weygand JM, Donovan EF, Angelopoulos V. Relative contributions of large-scale and wedgelet currents in the substorm current wedge. EARTH, PLANETS, AND SPACE : EPS 2020; 72:106. [PMID: 32728343 PMCID: PMC7373217 DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined how much large-scale and localized upward and downward currents contribute to the substorm current wedge (SCW), and how they evolve over time, using the THEMIS all-sky imagers (ASIs) and ground magnetometers. One type of events is dominated by a single large-scale wedge, with upward currents over the surge and broad downward currents poleward-eastward of the surge. The other type of events is a composite of large-scale wedge and wedgelets associated with streamers, with each wedgelet having comparable intensity to the large-scale wedge currents. Among 17 auroral substorms with wide ASI coverage, the composite current type is more frequent than the single large-scale wedge type. The dawn-dusk size of each wedgelet is ~ 600 km in the ionosphere (~ 3.2 R E in the magnetotail, comparable to the flow channel size). We suggest that substorms have more than one type of SCW, and the composite current type is more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nishimura
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. R. Lyons
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - J. M. Weygand
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - E. F. Donovan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - V. Angelopoulos
- Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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He H, Shen C, Wang H, Zhang X, Chen B, Yan J, Zou Y, Jorgensen AM, He F, Yan Y, Zhu X, Huang Y, Xu R. Response of plasmaspheric configuration to substorms revealed by Chang'e 3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32362. [PMID: 27576944 PMCID: PMC5006020 DOI: 10.1038/srep32362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Moon-based Extreme Ultraviolet Camera (EUVC) of the Chang'e 3 mission provides a global and instantaneous meridian view (side view) of the Earth's plasmasphere. The plasmasphere is one inner component of the whole magnetosphere, and the configuration of the plasmasphere is sensitive to magnetospheric activity (storms and substorms). However, the response of the plasmaspheric configuration to substorms is only partially understood, and the EUVC observations provide a good opportunity to investigate this issue. By reconstructing the global plasmaspheric configuration based on the EUVC images observed during 20-22 April 2014, we show that in the observing period, the plasmasphere had three bulges which were located at different geomagnetic longitudes. The inferred midnight transit times of the three bulges, using the rotation rate of the Earth, coincide with the expansion phase of three substorms, which implies a causal relationship between the substorms and the formation of the three bulges on the plasmasphere. Instead of leading to plasmaspheric erosion as geomagnetic storms do, substorms initiated on the nightside of the Earth cause local inflation of the plasmasphere in the midnight region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han He
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shen
- School of Natural Sciences and Humanity, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather and National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Yan
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliao Zou
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anders M. Jorgensen
- Electrical Engineering Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA
| | - Fei He
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Yan
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather and National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ronglan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Weather and National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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