1
|
Ivarsen MF, St-Maurice JP, Hussey G, Spicher A, Jin Y, Lozinsky A, Goodwin LV, Galeschuk D, Park J, Clausen LBN. Measuring small-scale plasma irregularities in the high-latitude E- and F-regions simultaneously. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11579. [PMID: 37464008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ionosphere, Earth's space environment, exhibits widespread turbulent structuring, or plasma irregularities, visualized by the auroral displays seen in Earth's polar regions. Such plasma irregularities have been studied for decades, but plasma turbulence remains an elusive phenomenon. We combine scale-dependent measurements from a ground-based radar with satellite observations to characterize small-scale irregularities simultaneously in the bottomside and topside ionosphere and perform a statistical analysis on an aggregate from both instruments over time. We demonstrate the clear mapping of information vertically along the ionospheric altitude column, for field-perpendicular wavelengths down to 1.5 km. Our results paint a picture of the northern hemisphere high-latitude ionosphere as a turbulent system that is in a constant state of growth and decay; energy is being constantly injected and dissipated as the system is continuously attempting an accelerated return to equilibrium. We connect the widespread irregularity dissipation to Pedersen conductance in the E-region, and discuss the similarities between irregularities found in the polar cap and in the auroral region in that context. We find that the effects of a conducting E-region on certain turbulent properties (small-scale spectral index) is near ubiquitous in the dataset, and so we suggest that the electrodynamics of a conducting E-region must be considered when discussing plasma turbulence at high latitudes. This intimate relationship opens up the possibility that E-region conductivity is associated with the generation of F-region irregularities, though further studies are needed to assess that possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus F Ivarsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre St-Maurice
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn Hussey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andres Spicher
- Department of Physics and Technology, UIT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Yaqi Jin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Lozinsky
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lindsay V Goodwin
- Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Draven Galeschuk
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jaeheung Park
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Taejon, South Korea
- Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Taejon, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caan MN, McPherron RL, Russell CT. Characteristics of the association between the interplanetary magnetic field and substorms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i029p04837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
3
|
|
4
|
|
5
|
Reiff PH, Spiro RW, Hill TW. Dependence of polar cap potential drop on interplanetary parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia09p07639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Tsyganenko NA. Modeling the dynamics of the inner magnetosphere during strong geomagnetic storms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004ja010798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 747] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Milan SE. Response of the magnetotail to changes in the open flux content of the magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Liou K. Investigation of external triggering of substorms with Polar ultraviolet imager observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja009984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Tanskanen E. Substorm energy budget during low and high solar activity: 1997 and 1999 compared. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Hsu TS. An evaluation of the statistical significance of the association between northward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field and substorm expansion onsets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Newell PT, Liou K, Sotirelis T, Meng CI. Auroral precipitation power during substorms: A Polar UV Imager-based superposed epoch analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Raeder J, McPherron RL, Frank LA, Kokubun S, Lu G, Mukai T, Paterson WR, Sigwarth JB, Singer HJ, Slavin JA. Global simulation of the Geospace Environment Modeling substorm challenge event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
15
|
Sitnov MI, Sharma AS, Papadopoulos K, Vassiliadis D, Valdivia JA, Klimas AJ, Baker DN. Phase transition-like behavior of the magnetosphere during substorms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
Blanchard GT, Lyons LR, Spann J. Predictions of substorms following northward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Plasma Flow in the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System and Its Relationship to the Substorm Cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4798-9_130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
18
|
Slavin JA, Fairfield DH, Kuznetsova MM, Owen CJ, Lepping RP, Taguchi S, Mukai T, Saito Y, Yamamoto T, Kokubun S, Lui ATY, Reeves GD. ISTP observations of plasmoid ejection: IMP 8 and Geotail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Lyons LR, Blanchard GT, Samson JC, Lepping RP, Yamamoto T, Moretto T. Coordinated observations demonstrating external substorm triggering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Maynard NC, Burke WJ, Erickson GM, Nakamura M, Mukai T, Kokubun S, Yamamoto T, Jacobsen B, Egeland A, Samson JC, Weimer DR, Reeves GD, Lühr H. Geotail measurements compared with the motions of high-latitude auroral boundaries during two substorms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Angelopoulos V, Sergeev VA, Mozer FS, Tsuruda K, Kokubun S, Yamamoto T, Lepping R, Reeves G, Friis-Christensen E. Spontaneous substorm onset during a prolonged period of steady, southward interplanetary magnetic field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Blanchard GT, Lyons LR, de la Beaujardière O, Doe RA, Mendillo M. Measurement of the magnetotail reconnection rate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
23
|
Kamide Y, Kokubun S. Two-component auroral electrojet: Importance for substorm studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
24
|
Lyons LR. Substorms: Fundamental observational features, distinction from other disturbances, and external triggering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95ja01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Baker DN, Pulkkinen TI, Angelopoulos V, Baumjohann W, McPherron RL. Neutral line model of substorms: Past results and present view. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95ja03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
Henderson MG, Reeves GD, Belian RD, Murphree JS. Observations of magnetospheric substorms occurring with no apparent solar wind/IMF trigger. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Angelopoulos V, Coroniti FV, Kennel CF, Kivelson MG, Walker RJ, Russell CT, McPherron RL, Sanchez E, Meng CI, Baumjohann W, Reeves GD, Belian RD, Sato N, Friis-Christensen E, Sutcliffe PR, Yumoto K, Harris T. Multipoint analysis of a bursty bulk flow event on April 11, 1985. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95ja02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Kistler LM, Baumjohann W, Nagai T, Möbius E. Superposed epoch analysis of pressure and magnetic field configuration changes in the plasma sheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Sibeck DG, Lopez RE, Roelof EC. Solar wind control of the magnetopause shape, location, and motion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
Solar Wind Influence on Magnetotail Configuration and Dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-4722-1_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
32
|
Makita K, Meng CI, Akasofu SI. Temporal and spatial variations of the polar cap dimension inferred from the precipitation boundaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia03p02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Magnetotail energy storage and the variability of the magnetotail current sheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/gm030p0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
34
|
Hardy DA, Reiff PH, Burke WJ. Response of magnetotail plasma at lunar distance to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field, the solar wind plasma, and substorm activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1029/ja084ia04p01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
35
|
Magnetic Variations During Substorms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-9519-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
36
|
Caan MN, Fairfield DH, Hones EW. Magnetic fields in flowing magnetotail plasmas and their significance for magnetic reconnection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1029/ja084ia05p01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Responses of the Magnetosphere to Interplanetary Disturbances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-1164-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|