Graphical Presentation of Results from Scientific Computer Models

The graphical presentation of the results of complex computer model calculations is frequently as important as the computation, since it is generally through such presentations that the modeler and the modeler's audience derive the maximum amount of information. In this article graphical techniques for presenting multidimensional model results are reviewed and examples are given of the most useful forms of presentation. Color graphics is used increasingly for the presentation of model results, and three types of color displays are discussed here: the chromatic plot, the binary chromatic plot, and the ternary chromatic plot. Their use is illustrated with examples from computer modeling of air quality in the urban atmosphere.

Extreme Ultraviolet Observations from Voyager 1 Encounter with Saturn

The global hydrogen Lyman alpha, helium (584 angstroms), and molecular hydrogen band emissions from Saturn are qualitatively similar to those of Jupiter, but the Saturn observations emphasize that the H(2) band excitation mechanism is closely related to the solar flux. Auroras occur near 80 degrees latitude, suggesting Earth-like magnetotail activity, quite different from the dominant Io plasma torus mechanism at Jupiter. No ion emissions have been detected from the magnetosphere of Saturn, but the rings have a hydrogen atmosphere; atomic hydrogen is also present in a torus between 8 and 25 Saturn radii. Nitrogen emission excited by particles has been detected in the Titan dayglow and bright limb scans. Enhancement of the nitrogen emission is observed in the region of interaction between Titan's atmosphere and the corotating plasma in Saturn's plasmasphere. No particle-excited emission has been detected from the dark atmosphere of Titan. The absorption profile of the atmosphere determined by the solar occultation experiment, combined with constraints from the dayglow observations and temperature information, indicate that N(2) is the dominant species. A double layer structure has been detected above Titan's limb. One of the layers may be related to visible layers in the images of Titan.