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Jin Y, Kotova D, Xiong C, Brask SM, Clausen LBN, Kervalishvili G, Stolle C, Miloch WJ. Ionospheric Plasma IRregularities - IPIR - Data Product Based on Data From the Swarm Satellites. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2022; 127:e2021JA030183. [PMID: 35866071 PMCID: PMC9285927 DOI: 10.1029/2021ja030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionospheric plasma irregularities can be successfully studied with the Swarm satellites. Parameters derived from the in-situ plasma measurements and from the topside ionosphere total electron content provide a comprehensive dataset for characterizing plasma structuring along the orbits of the Swarm satellites. The Ionospheric Plasma IRregularities (IPIR) data product summarizes these parameters and allows for systematic studies of ionospheric irregularities. IPIR has already been used in investigations of structuring and variability of ionospheric plasma. This report provides a detailed description of algorithms behind the IPIR data product and demonstrates its use for ionospheric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Jin
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Daria Kotova
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Chao Xiong
- Helmholtz Centre PotsdamGFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany
- Now at Department of Space PhysicsElectronic Information SchoolWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | | | | | - Guram Kervalishvili
- Helmholtz Centre PotsdamGFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany
| | - Claudia Stolle
- Helmholtz Centre PotsdamGFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdamGermany
- Now at Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics e.V. at the University of RostockKühlungsbornGermany
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Magnetic Field and Electron Density Scaling Properties in the Equatorial Plasma Bubbles. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14040918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The ionospheric plasma density irregularities are known to play a role in the propagation of electromagnetic signals and to be one of the most important sources of disturbance for the Global Navigation Satellite System, being responsible for degradation and, sometimes, interruptions of the signals received by the system. In the equatorial ionospheric F region, these plasma density irregularities, known as plasma bubbles, find the suitable conditions for their development during post-sunset hours. In recent years, important features of plasma bubbles such as their dependence on latitude, longitude, and solar and geomagnetic activities have been inferred indirectly using their magnetic signatures. Here, we study the scaling properties of both the electron density and the magnetic field inside the plasma bubbles using measurements on board the Swarm A satellite from 1 April 2014 to 31 January 2016. We show that the spectral features of plasma irregularities cannot be directly inferred from their magnetic signatures. A relation more complex than the linear one is necessary to properly describe the role played by the evolution of plasma bubbles with local time and by the development of turbulent phenomena.
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Ionospheric Turbulence and the Equatorial Plasma Density Irregularities: Scaling Features and RODI. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of space weather, the understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for the generation of ionospheric irregularities is particularly relevant for their effects on global positioning and communication systems. Ionospheric equatorial plasma bubbles are one of the possible irregularities. In this work, using data from the ESA Swarm mission, we investigate the scaling features of electron density fluctuations characterizing equatorial plasma bubbles. Results strongly support a turbulence character of these structures and suggest the existence of a clear link between the observed scaling properties and the value of the Rate Of change of electron Density Index (RODI). This link is discussed, and RODI is proposed as a reliable proxy for the identification of plasma bubbles.
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Northern preference for terrestrial electromagnetic energy input from space weather. Nat Commun 2021; 12:199. [PMID: 33420072 PMCID: PMC7794368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial space weather involves the transfer of energy and momentum from the solar wind into geospace. Despite recently discovered seasonal asymmetries between auroral forms and the intensity of emissions between northern and southern hemispheres, seasonally averaged energy input into the ionosphere is still generally considered to be symmetric. Here we show, using Swarm satellite data, a preference for electromagnetic energy input at 450 km altitude into the northern hemisphere, on both the dayside and the nightside, when averaged over season. We propose that this is explained by the offset of the magnetic dipole away from Earth's center. This introduces a larger separation between the magnetic pole and rotation axis in the south, creating different relative solar illumination of northern and southern auroral zones, resulting in changes to the strength of reflection of incident Alfvén waves from the ionosphere. Our study reveals an important asymmetry in seasonally averaged electromagnetic energy input to the atmosphere. Based on observed lower Poynting flux on the nightside this asymmetry may also exist for auroral emissions. Similar offsets may drive asymmetric energy input, and potentially aurora, on other planets.
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Kil H, Lee WK, Paxton LJ. Origin and Distribution of Daytime Electron Density Irregularities in the Low-Latitude F Region. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2020; 125:e2020JA028343. [PMID: 32999808 PMCID: PMC7507783 DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electron density irregularities on the dayside in the low-latitude F region are understood as remnants (or fossils) of nighttime plasma bubbles. We provide observational evidence of the connection of daytime irregularities to nighttime bubbles and the transport of the daytime irregularities by the vertical motion of the background ionosphere. The distributions of irregularities are derived using the measurements of the ion density by the first Republic of China satellite from March 1999 to June 2004. The seasonal and longitudinal distributions of daytime and nighttime irregularities in low latitudes show a close similarity. The high occurrence rate of daytime irregularities at the longitudes where strong irregularities occur frequently at night provides strong evidence of the association of daytime irregularities with nighttime bubbles. Nighttime irregularities are concentrated in the equatorial region, whereas daytime irregularities spread over broader latitudes. The seasonal and longitudinal variation of the latitudinal spread of daytime irregularities is consistent with the morphologies of plasma density and vertical plasma velocity. The zonal wave number 4 pattern, which corresponds to that in plasma density, is identified in the distribution of daytime irregularities. These observations lead to the conclusion that the morphology of daytime irregularities in the low-latitude F region is dominated by the morphology of bubbles at night and the ionospheric fountain process on the dayside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosub Kil
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
| | | | - Larry J. Paxton
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLaurelMDUSA
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Hervás M, Bergadà P, Alsina-Pagès RM. Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20092486. [PMID: 32353971 PMCID: PMC7273218 DOI: 10.3390/s20092486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High Frequency (HF) communications through ionospheric reflection is a widely used technique specifically for maritime, aeronautical, and emergency services communication with remote areas due to economic and management reasons, and also as backup system. Although long distance radio links can be established beyond line-of-sight, the availability, the usable frequencies and the capacity of the channel depends on the state of the ionosphere. The main factors that affect the ionosphere are day-night, season, sunspot number, polar aurora and earth magnetic field. These effects impair the transmitted wave, which suffers attenuation, time and frequency dispersion. In order to increase the knowledge of this channel, the ionosphere has been sounded by means of narrowband and wideband waveforms by the research community all over the world in several research initiatives. This work intends to be a review of remarkable projects for vertical sounding with a world wide network and for oblique sounding for high latitude, mid latitude, and trans-equatorial latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Hervás
- GTM—Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, c/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Bergadà
- GTM—Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, c/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Wavecontrol, c/Pallars, 65-71, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ma Alsina-Pagès
- GTM—Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia, La Salle—Universitat Ramon Llull, c/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-902-445
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Investigation of the Occurrence of Nighttime Topside Ionospheric Irregularities in Low-Latitude and Equatorial Regions Using CYGNSS Satellites. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030708. [PMID: 32012876 PMCID: PMC7038482 DOI: 10.3390/s20030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
By using multi-satellite observations of the L1 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) taken in 2017, we present the occurrence of nighttime topside ionospheric irregularities in low-latitude and equatorial regions. The most significant finding of this study is the existence of longitudinal structures with a wavenumber 4 pattern in the topside irregularities. This suggests that lower atmospheric waves, especially a daytime diurnal eastward-propagating zonal wave number-3 nonmigrating tide (DE3), might play an important role in the generation of topside plasma bubbles during the low solar minimum. Observations of scintillation events indicate that the maximum occurrence of nighttime topside ionospheric irregularities occurs on the magnetic equator during the equinoxes. The current work, which could be regarded as an important update of the previous investigations, would be readily for the further global analysis of the topside ionospheric irregularities.
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Chian ACL, Abalde JR, Miranda RA, Borotto FA, Hysell DL, Rempel EL, Ruffolo D. Multi-spectral optical imaging of the spatiotemporal dynamics of ionospheric intermittent turbulence. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10568. [PMID: 30002561 PMCID: PMC6043611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Equatorial plasma depletions have significant impact on radio wave propagation in the upper atmosphere, causing rapid fluctuations in the power of radio signals used in telecommunication and GPS navigation, thus playing a crucial role in space weather impacts. Complex structuring and self-organization of equatorial plasma depletions involving bifurcation, connection, disconnection and reconnection are the signatures of nonlinear evolution of interchange instability and secondary instabilities, responsible for the generation of coherent structures and turbulence in the ionosphere. The aims of this paper are three-fold: (1) to report the first optical imaging of reconnection of equatorial plasma depletions in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly, (2) to investigate the optical imaging of equatorial ionospheric intermittent turbulence, and (3) to compare nonlinear characteristics of optical imaging of equatorial plasma depletions for two different altitudes at same times. We show that the degree of spatiotemporal complexity of ionospheric intermittent turbulence can be quantified by nonlinear studies of optical images, confirming the duality of amplitude-phase synchronization in multiscale interactions. By decomposing the analyses into North-South and East-West directions we show that the degree of non-Gaussianity, intermittency and multifractality is stronger in the North-South direction, confirming the anisotropic nature of the interchange instability. In particular, by using simultaneous observation of multi-spectral all-sky emissions from two different heights we show that the degree of non-Gaussianity and intermittency in the bottomside F-region ionosphere is stronger than the peak F-region ionosphere. Our results are confirmed by two sets of observations on the nights of 28 September 2002 and 9 November 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham C-L Chian
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. .,Institute of Aeronautical Technology (ITA), São José dos Campos, SP, 12228-900, Brazil. .,National Institute for Space Research (INPE), P.O. Box 515, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - José R Abalde
- Institute of Aeronautical Technology (ITA), São José dos Campos, SP, 12228-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Miranda
- UnB-Gama Campus, and Plasma Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Felix A Borotto
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - David L Hysell
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Erico L Rempel
- Institute of Aeronautical Technology (ITA), São José dos Campos, SP, 12228-900, Brazil.,National Institute for Space Research (INPE), P.O. Box 515, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - David Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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McClure JP, Hanson WB, Hoffman JH. Plasma bubbles and irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i019p02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abdu MA, de Medeiros RT, Sobral JHA, Bittencourt JA. Spread F plasma bubble vertical rise velocities determined from spaced ionosonde observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja088ia11p09197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Tsunoda RT. On the spatial relationship of 1-m equatorial spreadFirregularities and plasma bubbles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja085ia01p00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morse FA, Edgar BC, Koons HC, Rice CJ, Heikkila WJ, Hoffman JH, Tinsley BA, Winningham JD, Christensen AB, Woodman RF, Pomalaza J, Teixeira NR. Equion, an Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularity Experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i004p00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Kelley MC, Carlson CW. Observations of intense velocity shear and associated electrostatic waves near an auroral arc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i016p02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Basu S, McClure J, Basu S, Hanson W, Aarons J. Coordinated study of equatorial scintillation and in situ and radar observations of nighttimeFregion irregularities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja085ia10p05119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Ossakow SL, Zalesak ST, McDonald BE, Chaturvedi PK. Nonlinear equatorial spreadF: Dependence on altitude of theFpeak and bottomside background electron density gradient scale length. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja084ia01p00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Anderson D, Haerendel G. The motion of depleted plasma regions in the equatorial ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja084ia08p04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Balan N, Bailey GJ. Equatorial plasma fountain and its effects: Possibility of an additional layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95ja01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Yeh KC, Mullen JP, Medeiros JR, da Silva RF, Medeiros RT. Ionospheric scintillation observations at Natal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia09p07527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Tsunoda RT. Control of the seasonal and longitudinal occurrence of equatorial scintillations by the longitudinal gradient in integratedEregion Pedersen conductivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia01p00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Jayachandran B, Balan N, Rao PB, Sastri JH, Bailey GJ. HF Doppler and ionosonde observations on the onset conditions of equatorial spreadF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Weber E, Buchau J, Moore J. Airborne studies of equatorialFlayer ionospheric irregularities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja085ia09p04631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Koster JR, Huang YN, Lue HY, Wu HS. Lunar components in Lunping scintillations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ji S, Chen W, Ding X, Zhao C. Equatorial ionospheric zonal drift by monitoring local GPS reference networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyue Ji
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping; Beijing China
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25
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Aveiro HC, Hysell DL. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of equatorialFregion plasma irregularities with bottomside shear flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Aveiro
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - D. L. Hysell
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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26
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Retterer JM. Forecasting low-latitude radio scintillation with 3-D ionospheric plume models: 1. Plume model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Retterer
- Space Vehicles Directorate; Air Force Research Laboratory; Hanscom AFB Massachusetts USA
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27
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Makela JJ, Kelley MC, Tsunoda RT. Observations of midlatitude ionospheric instabilities generating meter-scale waves at the magnetic equator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Makela
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois USA
| | - M. C. Kelley
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
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Earle GD, Klenzing JH, Roddy PA, Macaulay WA, Perdue MD, Patrick EL. A new satellite-borne neutral wind instrument for thermospheric diagnostics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:114501. [PMID: 18052493 DOI: 10.1063/1.2813343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The bulk motion of the neutral gas at altitudes between about 200 and 600 km is an important factor in predicting the onset of plasma instabilities that are known to distort and/or disrupt high frequency radio communications. These neutral winds have historically been quite difficult to measure, especially from a moving spacecraft. A new space science instrument called the ram wind sensor has been developed to measure the component of the neutral gas velocity that lies along the orbit track of a satellite in low Earth orbit. Laboratory tests of an engineering model of the instrument have been carried out using a supersonic neutral argon beam, in order to validate the measurement concept. The results show that the technique is viable for measurements of neutral flow velocities in future satellite missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Earle
- William B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA.
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29
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Christensen AB. Initial observations with the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) in the NASA TIMED satellite mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja009918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Huang CY, Burke WJ, Machuzak JS, Gentile LC, Sultan PJ. DMSP observations of equatorial plasma bubbles in the topside ionosphere near solar maximum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Whalen JA. An equatorial bubble: Its evolution observed in relation to bottomside spreadFand to the Appleton anomaly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Kudeki E, Bhattacharyya S. Postsunset vortex in equatorialF-region plasma drifts and implications for bottomside spread-F. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998ja900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Fejer BG, Scherliess L, de Paula ER. Effects of the vertical plasma drift velocity on the generation and evolution of equatorial spreadF. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Flaherty JP, Seyler CE, Trefethen LN. Large-amplitude transient growth in the linear evolution of equatorial spreadFwith a sheared zonal flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998ja900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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McClure JP, Singh S, Bamgboye DK, Johnson FS, Kil H. Occurrence of equatorial F region irregularities: Evidence for tropospheric seeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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37
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MacDougall JW, Abdu MA, Jayachandran PT, Cecile JF, Batista IS. Presunrise spread F
at Fortaleza. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Sekar R, Kelley MC. On the combined effects of vertical shear and zonal electric field patterns on nonlinear equatorial spreadFevolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Kil H, Heelis RA. Global distribution of density irregularities in the equatorial ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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