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Mlynczak MG, Hunt LA, Mertens CJ, Thomas Marshall B, Russell JM, Woods T, Earl Thompson R, Gordley LL. Influence of solar variability on the infrared radiative cooling of the thermosphere from 2002 to 2014. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 41:2508-2513. [PMID: 26074647 PMCID: PMC4459182 DOI: 10.1002/2014gl059556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infrared radiative cooling of the thermosphere by carbon dioxide (CO2, 15 µm) and by nitric oxide (NO, 5.3 µm) has been observed for 12 years by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. For the first time we present a record of the two most important thermospheric infrared cooling agents over a complete solar cycle. SABER has documented dramatic variability in the radiative cooling on time scales ranging from days to the 11 year solar cycle. Deep minima in global mean vertical profiles of radiative cooling are observed in 2008-2009. Current solar maximum conditions, evidenced in the rates of radiative cooling, are substantially weaker than prior maximum conditions in 2002-2003. The observed changes in thermospheric cooling correlate well with changes in solar ultraviolet irradiance and geomagnetic activity during the prior maximum conditions. NO and CO2 combine to emit 7 × 1018 more Joules annually at solar maximum than at solar minimum. KEY POINTS First record of thermospheric IR cooling rates over a complete solar cycleIR cooling in current solar maximum conditions much weaker than prior maximumVariability in thermospheric IR cooling observed on scale of days to 11 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James M Russell
- Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton UniversityHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas Woods
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsBoulder, Colorado, USA
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Potter WE, Kayser DC, Brinton HC, Brace LH, Oppenheimer M. Comparison of measured and calculated thermospheric molecular oxygen densities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i032p05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chang JS, Duewer WH, Wuebbles DJ. The atmospheric nuclear tests of the 1950's and 1960's: A possible test of ozone depletion theories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc084ic04p01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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West RA, Hord CW, Simmons KE, Coffeen DL, Sato M, Lane AL. Near-ultraviolet scattering properties of Jupiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gerard JC, Rusch D. The auroral ionosphere: Comparison of a time-dependent model with composition measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja084ia08p04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wise JO, Carovillano RL, Carlson HC, Roble RG, Adler-Golden S, Nadile RM, Ahmadjian M. CIRRIS 1A global observations of 15-µm CO2and 5.3-µm NO limb radiance in the lower thermosphere during moderate to active geomagnetic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95ja02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sinnhuber M, Kazeminejad S, Wissing JM. Interannual variation of NOxfrom the lower thermosphere to the upper stratosphere in the years 1991-2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sinnhuber
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - S. Kazeminejad
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Space Agency; Bonn Germany
| | - J. M. Wissing
- Department of Physics; University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Bailey
- Geophysical Institute; University of Alaska; Fairbanks Alaska USA
| | - Charles A. Barth
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Stanley C. Solomon
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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Gérard JC, Roble RG, Rusch DW, Stewart AI. The global distribution of thermospheric odd nitrogen for solstice conditions during solar cycle minimum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/ja089ia03p01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cravens T, Gérard JC, Stewart A, Rusch D. The latitudinal gradient of nitric oxide in the thermosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1029/ja084ia06p02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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