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Mukhopadhyay A, Welling D, Liemohn M, Ridley A, Burleigh M, Wu C, Zou S, Connor H, Vandegriff E, Dredger P, Tóth G. Global Driving of Auroral Precipitation: 1. Balance of Sources. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2022; 127:e2022JA030323. [PMID: 36248015 PMCID: PMC9539890 DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The accurate determination of auroral precipitation in global models has remained a daunting and rather inexplicable obstacle. Understanding the calculation and balance of multiple sources that constitute the aurora, and their eventual conversion into ionospheric electrical conductance, is critical for improved prediction of space weather events. In this study, we present a semi-physical global modeling approach that characterizes contributions by four types of precipitation-monoenergetic, broadband, electron, and ion diffuse-to ionospheric electrodynamics. The model uses a combination of adiabatic kinetic theory and loss parameters derived from historical energy flux patterns to estimate auroral precipitation from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) quantities. It then converts them into ionospheric conductance that is used to compute the ionospheric feedback to the magnetosphere. The model has been employed to simulate the 5-7 April 2010 Galaxy15 space weather event. Comparison of auroral fluxes show good agreement with observational data sets like NOAA-DMSP and OVATION Prime. The study shows a dominant contribution by electron diffuse precipitation, accounting for ∼74% of the auroral energy flux. However, contributions by monoenergetic and broadband sources dominate during times of active upstream solar conditions, providing for up to 61% of the total hemispheric power. The study also finds a greater role played by broadband precipitation in ionospheric electrodynamics which accounts for ∼31% of the Pedersen conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnit Mukhopadhyay
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Department of PhysicsAmerican UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Daniel Welling
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Michael Liemohn
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Aaron Ridley
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | | | - Chen Wu
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Shasha Zou
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Hyunju Connor
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA
| | | | - Pauline Dredger
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA
| | - Gabor Tóth
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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Huang CY, Frank LA, Eastman TE. High-altitude observations of an intense inverted V event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja089ia09p07423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lyons L. Generation of large-scale regions of auroral currents, electric potentials, and precipitation by the divergence of the convection electric field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja085ia01p00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alexeev II, Belenkaya ES, Kalegaev VV, Lyutov YG. Electric fields and field-aligned current generation in the magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wei CQ, Lee LC. Coupling of magnetopause-boundary layer to the polar ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rothwell PL, Silevitch MB, Block LP, Fälthammar CG. Prebreakup arcs: A comparison between theory and experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Belmont G, Fontaine D, Canu P. Are equatorial electron cyclotron waves responsible for diffuse auroral electron precipitation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja088ia11p09163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cornwall JM, Chiu YT. Ion distribution effects of turbulence on a kinetic auroral arc model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia03p01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Frey HU, Amm O, Chaston CC, Fu S, Haerendel G, Juusola L, Karlsson T, Lanchester B, Nakamura R, Østgaard N, Sakanoi T, Séran E, Whiter D, Weygand J, Asamura K, Hirahara M. Small and meso-scale properties of a substorm onset auroral arc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. U. Frey
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - O. Amm
- Finnish Meteorological Institute; Arctic Research Unit; Helsinki Finland
| | - C. C. Chaston
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - S. Fu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - G. Haerendel
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Extraterrestrische Physik; Garching Germany
| | - L. Juusola
- Finnish Meteorological Institute; Arctic Research Unit; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Physics and Technology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - T. Karlsson
- Space and Plasma Physics; School of Electrical Engineering; KTH, Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. Lanchester
- School of Physics and Astronomy; University of Southampton; Southampton U.K
| | - R. Nakamura
- Space Research Institute; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Graz Austria
| | - N. Østgaard
- Department of Physics and Technology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - T. Sakanoi
- Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - E. Séran
- LATMOS; IPSL; St-Maur des Fosses France
| | - D. Whiter
- Space and Plasma Physics; School of Electrical Engineering; KTH, Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. Weygand
- IGPP; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - K. Asamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Kanagawa Japan
| | - M. Hirahara
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Wiltberger M, Weigel RS, Lotko W, Fedder JA. Modeling seasonal variations of auroral particle precipitation in a global-scale magnetosphere-ionosphere simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wiltberger
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. S. Weigel
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences; George Mason University; Fairfax Virginia USA
| | - W. Lotko
- Thayer School of Engineering; Dartmouth College; Hanover New Hampshire USA
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Rönnmark K, Hamrin M. Auroral electron acceleration by Alfvén waves and electrostatic fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shiokawa K, Baumjohann W, Haerendel G, Fukunishi H. High- and low-altitude observations of adiabatic parameters associated with auroral electron acceleration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Antonova EE, Stepanova MV, Vikhreva EA, Ovchinnikov IL, Teltzov MV. Generation of unmagnetized motion of plasma sheet electrons and its possible causes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kinney RM, Coroniti FV, McWilliams JC, Pritchett PL. Mechanisms for discrete auroral arc breakup by nonlinear Alfvén wave interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stauning P. Substorm modeling based on observations of an intense high-latitude absorption surge event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Frey HU, Haerendel G, Clemmons JH, Boehm MH, Vogt J, Bauer OH, Wallis DD, Blomberg L, Lühr H. Freja and ground-based analysis of inverted-V events. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The lights shineth in darkness. Nature 1996. [DOI: 10.1038/381739a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Drakou E, Sonnerup BUÖ, Lotko W. Self-consistent steady state model of the low-latitude boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fukunishi H, Takahashi Y, Nagatsuma T, Mukai T, Machida S. Latitudinal structures of nightside field-aligned currents and their relationships to the plasma sheet regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lu G, Reiff PH, Burch JL, Winningham JD. On the auroral current-voltage relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lotko W, Shen MM. On large-scale rotational motions and energetics of auroral shear layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shiokawa K, Fukunishi H, Yamagishi H, Miyaoka H, Fujii R, Tohyama F. Rocket observation of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes in quiet and active arcs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/ja095ia07p10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Haerendel G. Field-aligned currents in the Earth's magnetosphere. PHYSICS OF MAGNETIC FLUX ROPES 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/gm058p0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Christensen AB, Lyons LR, Hecht JH, Sivjee GG, Meier RR, Strickland DG. Magnetic field-aligned electric field acceleration and the characteristics of the optical aurora. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/ja092ia06p06163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lotko W, Sonnerup BUÖ, Lysak RL. Nonsteady boundary layer flow including ionospheric drag and parallel electric fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/ja092ia08p08635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Weimer DR, Gurnett DA, Goertz CK, Menietti JD, Burch JL, Sugiura M. The current-voltage relationship in auroral current sheets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/ja092ia01p00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lyons LR, Walterscheid RL. Feedback between neutral winds and auroral arc electrodynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/ja091ia12p13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rothwell PL, Silevitch MB, Block LP. Pi 2 pulsations and the westward traveling surge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/ja091ia06p06921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kan JR, Sun W. Simulation of the westward traveling surge and Pi 2 pulsations during substorms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia11p10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Electric fields and currents observed by S3-2 in the vicinity of discrete arcs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/gm028p0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Lysak RL, Dum CT. Dynamics of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling including turbulent transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/ja088ia01p00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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de la Beaujardière O, Vondrak R. Chatanika Radar observations of the electrostatic potential distribution of an auroral arc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/ja087ia02p00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yeh HC, Hill TW. Mechanism of parallel electric fields inferred from observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia08p06706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lyons LR. Discrete aurora as the direct result of an inferred high-altitude generating potential distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia01p00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chiu YT, Newman AL, Cornwall JM. On the structures and mapping of auroral electrostatic potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia12p10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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