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Tsurutani BT, Rodriguez P. Upstream waves and particles: An overview of ISEE results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia06p04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Terasawa T, Scholer M, Ipavich FM. Anisotropy observation of diffuse ions (>30 keV/e) upstream of the Earth's bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia01p00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Armstrong TP, Paonessa MT, Brandon ST, Krimigis SM, Lanzerotti LJ. Low-energy charged particle observations in the 5-20RJregion of the Jovian magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Krimigis SM, Carbary JF, Keath EP, Armstrong TP, Lanzerotti LJ, Gloeckler G. General characteristics of hot plasma and energetic particles in the Saturnian magnetosphere: Results from the Voyager spacecraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja088ia11p08871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsurutani BT, Lin RP. Acceleration of >47 keV Ions and >2 keV electrons by interplanetary shocks at 1 AU. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia01p00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Krimigis SM, Carbary JF, Keath EP, Bostrom CO, Axford WI, Gloeckler G, Lanzerotti LJ, Armstrong TP. Characteristics of hot plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere: Results from the Voyager spacecraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Krimigis SM, Mitchell DG, Hamilton DC, Dandouras J, Armstrong TP, Bolton SJ, Cheng AF, Gloeckler G, Hsieh KC, Keath EP, Krupp N, Lagg A, Lanzerotti LJ, Livi S, Mauk BH, McEntire RW, Roelof EC, Wilken B, Williams DJ. A nebula of gases from Io surrounding Jupiter. Nature 2002; 415:994-6. [PMID: 11875559 DOI: 10.1038/415994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several planetary missions have reported the presence of substantial numbers of energetic ions and electrons surrounding Jupiter; relativistic electrons are observable up to several astronomical units (au) from the planet. A population of energetic (>30[?]keV) neutral particles also has been reported, but the instrumentation was not able to determine the mass or charge state of the particles, which were subsequently labelled energetic neutral atoms. Although images showing the presence of the trace element sodium were obtained, the source and identity of the neutral atoms---and their overall significance relative to the loss of charged particles from Jupiter's magnetosphere---were unknown. Here we report the discovery by the Cassini spacecraft of a fast (>103[?]km[?]s-1) and hot magnetospheric neutral wind extending more than 0.5[?]au from Jupiter, and the presence of energetic neutral atoms (both hot and cold) that have been accelerated by the electric field in the solar wind. We suggest that these atoms originate in volcanic gases from Io, undergo significant evolution through various electromagnetic interactions, escape Jupiter's magnetosphere and then populate the environment around the planet. Thus a 'nebula' is created that extends outwards over hundreds of jovian radii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios M Krimigis
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA.
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Anagnostopoulos GC, Marhavilas PK, Sarris ET, Karanikola I, Balogh A. Energetic ion populations and periodicities near Jupiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lanzerotti LJ, Armstrong TP, Gold RE, Anderson KA, Krimigis SM, Lin RP, Pick M, Roelof EC, Sarris ET, Simnett GM, Maclennan CG, Choo HT, Tappin SJ. The Hot Plasma Environment at Jupiter: Ulysses Results. Science 1992; 257:1518-24. [PMID: 17776161 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5076.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the hot plasma environment during the Ulysses flyby of Jupiter have revealed several new discoveries related to this large rotating astrophysical system. The Jovian magnetosphere was found by Ulysses to be very extended, with the day-side magnetopause located at approximately 105 Jupiter radii. The heavy ion (sulfur, oxygen, and sodium) population in the day-side magnetosphere increased sharply at approximately 86 Jupiter radii. This is somewhat more extended than the "inner" magnetosphere boundary region identified by the Voyager hot plasma measurements. In the day-side magnetosphere, the ion fluxes have the anisotropy direction expected for corotation with the planet, with the magnitude of the anisotropy increasing when the spacecraft becomes more immersed in the hot plasma sheet. The relative abundances of sulfur, oxygen, and sodium to helium decreased somewhat with decreasing radial distance from the planet on the day-side, which suggests that the abundances of the Jupiter-derived species are dependent on latitude. In the dusk-side, high-latitude region, intense fluxes of counter-streaming ions and electrons were discovered from the edge of the plasma sheet to the dusk-side magnetopause. These beams of electrons and ions were found to be very tightly aligned with the magnetic field and to be superimposed on a time- and space-variable isotropic hot plasma background. The currents carried by the measured hot plasma particles are typically approximately 1.6 x 10(-4) microamperes per square meter or approximately 8 x 10(5) amperes per squared Jupiter radius throughout the high-latitude magnetosphere volume. It is likely that the intense particle beams discovered at high Jovian latitudes produce auroras in the polar caps of the planet.
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Krimigis SM, Armstrong TP, Axford WI, Bostrom CO, Cheng AF, Gloeckler G, Hamilton DC, Keath EP, Lanzerotti LJ, Mauk BH, Van Allen JA. Hot Plasma and Energetic Particles in Neptune's Magnetosphere. Science 1989; 246:1483-9. [PMID: 17756004 DOI: 10.1126/science.246.4936.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The low-energy charged particle (LECP) instrument on Voyager 2 measured within the magnetosphere of Neptune energetic electrons (22 kiloelectron volts </= E </= 20 megaelectron volts) and ions (28 keV </= E </= 150 MeV) in several energy channels, including compositional information at higher (>/=0.5 MeV per nucleon) energies, using an array of solid-state detectors in various configurations. The results obtained so far may be summarized as follows: (i) A variety of intensity, spectral, and anisotropy features suggest that the satellite Triton is important in controlling the outer regions of the Neptunian magnetosphere. These features include the absence of higher energy (>/=150 keV) ions or electrons outside 14.4 R(N) (where R(N) = radius of Neptune), a relative peak in the spectral index of low-energy electrons at Triton's radial distance, and a change of the proton spectrum from a power law with gamma >/= 3.8 outside, to a hot Maxwellian (kT [unknown] 55 keV) inside the satellite's orbit. (ii) Intensities decrease sharply at all energies near the time of closest approach, the decreases being most extended in time at the highest energies, reminiscent of a spacecraft's traversal of Earth's polar regions at low altitudes; simultaneously, several spikes of spectrally soft electrons and protons were seen (power input approximately 5 x 10(-4) ergs cm(-2) s(-1)) suggestive of auroral processes at Neptune. (iii) Composition measurements revealed the presence of H, H(2), and He(4), with relative abundances of 1300:1:0.1, suggesting a Neptunian ionospheric source for the trapped particle population. (iv) Plasma pressures at E >/= 28 keV are maximum at the magnetic equator with beta approximately 0.2, suggestive of a relatively empty magnetosphere, similar to that of Uranus. (v) A potential signature of satellite 1989N1 was seen, both inbound and outbound; other possible signatures of the moons and rings are evident in the data but cannot be positively identified in the absence of an accurate magnetic-field model close to the planet. Other results indude the absence of upstream ion increases or energetic neutrals [particle intensity (j) < 2.8 x 10(-3) cm(-2) s(-1) keV(-1) near 35 keV, at approximately 40 R(N)] implying an upper limit to the volume-averaged atomic H density at R </= 6 R(N) of </= 20 cm(-3); and an estimate of the rate of darkening of methane ice at the location of 1989N1 ranging from approximately 10(5) years (1-micrometer depth) to approximately 2 x 10(6) years (10-micrometers depth). Finally, the electron fluxes at the orbit of Triton represent a power input of approximately 10(9) W into its atmosphere, apparently accounting for the observed ultraviolet auroral emission; by contrast, the precipitating electron (>22 keV) input on Neptune is approximately 3 x 10(7) W, surprisingly small when compared to energy input into the atmosphere of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus.
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Sibeck DG, McEntire RW, Krimigis SM, Baker DN. The magnetosphere as a sufficient source for upstream ions on November 1, 1984. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/ja093ia12p14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Baker DN, Belian RD, Fritz TA, Higbie PR, Krimigis SM, Sibeck DG, Zwickl RD. Simultaneous energetic particle observations at geostationary orbit and in the upstream solar wind: Evidence for leakage during the magnetospheric compression event of November 1, 1984. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/ja093ia12p14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith CW, Lee MA. Coupled hydromagnetic wave excitation and ion acceleration upstream of the Jovian bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/ja091ia01p00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thomsen MF. Upstream suprathermal ions. COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS IN THE HELIOSPHERE: REVIEWS OF CURRENT RESEARCH 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/gm035p0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ipavich FM, Gosling JT, Scholer M. Correlation between the He/H ratios in upstream particle events and in the solar wind. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/ja089ia03p01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Luhmann JG, Walker RJ, Russell CT, Spreiter JR, Stahara SS, Williams DJ. Mapping the magnetosheath field between the magnetopause and the bow shock: Implications for magnetospheric particle leakage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/ja089ia08p06829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baker DN, Zwickl RD, Krimigis SM, Carbary JF, Acuña MH. Energetic particle transport in the upstream region of Jupiter: Voyager results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/ja089ia06p03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith CW, Goldstein ML, Matthaeus WH. Turbulence analysis of the Jovian upstream ‘wave’ phenomenon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/ja088ia07p05581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thomsen MF, Schwartz SJ, Gosling JT. Observational evidence on the origin of ions upstream of the Earth's bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/ja088ia10p07843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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