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Liu JY, Wu TY, Lin C, Chang LC. The three-dimensional plasma structures and flows of the Earth's upper atmosphere due to the Moon's gravitational force. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21003. [PMID: 36470943 PMCID: PMC9722666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The semidiurnal (12.42 h) and semimonthly (14.76 days) lunar tides have been well-known by fishermen for several centuries. The gravitational force of the relative positions between the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth results in two symmetrical tidal bulges (double bulges) appearing at equatorial latitudes directly under and opposite the Moon. We utilize ionospheric GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) radio occultation soundings to show the global three-dimensional structures and dynamics of the double bulges of ionospheric lunar tides for the first time. The double-bulge amplitude of ionospheric F2-peak height hmF2, lagging the sublunar or antipodal point by about 2-3 h, is about 3-5 km at the equator and 1.5-2.0 km at ± 35° magnetic latitude. The electron density further depicts global three-dimensional plasma flows in the ionosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann-Yenq Liu
- grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Space Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Wu
- grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Space Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Yen Lin
- grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Space Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Loren C. Chang
- grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Space Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Modulation of Gravity Wave Drag in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere by Tides and the Effects on the Time Mean Flow-Model Results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm087p0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Forbes JM. Tidal and Planetary Waves. THE UPPER MESOSPHERE AND LOWER THERMOSPHERE: A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENT AND THEORY 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm087p0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Salah JE, Johnson RM, Tepley CA. Coordinated incoherent scatter radar observations of the semidiurnal tide in the lower thermosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Forbes JM, Roble RG, Fesen CG. Acceleration, heating, and compositional mixing of the thermosphere due to upward propagating tides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Taylor MJ, Ryan EH, Tuan TF, Edwards R. Evidence of preferential directions for gravity wave propagation due to wind filtering in the middle atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang X, Forbes JM, Hagan ME. Longitudinal variation of tides in the MLT region: 1. Tides driven by tropospheric net radiative heating. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Forbes
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
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Azeem SMI, Sivjee GG. Multiyear observations of tidal oscillations in OH M(3,1) rotational temperatures at South Pole, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. I. Azeem
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Daytona Beach Florida USA
| | - G. G. Sivjee
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Daytona Beach Florida USA
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Wu Q, Ortland DA, Killeen TL, Roble RG, Hagan ME, Liu HL, Solomon SC, Xu J, Skinner WR, Niciejewski RJ. Global distribution and interannual variations of mesospheric and lower thermospheric neutral wind diurnal tide: 1. Migrating tide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Wu
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - D. A. Ortland
- Northwest Research Associates; Bellevue Washington USA
| | - T. L. Killeen
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. G. Roble
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. E. Hagan
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - H.-L. Liu
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. C. Solomon
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jiyao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - W. R. Skinner
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - R. J. Niciejewski
- Space Physics Research Laboratory; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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Murphy DJ, Forbes JM, Walterscheid RL, Hagan ME, Avery SK, Aso T, Fraser GJ, Fritts DC, Jarvis MJ, McDonald AJ, Riggin DM, Tsutsumi M, Vincent RA. A climatology of tides in the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Murphy
- Australian Government Antarctic Division; Kingston Tasmania Australia
| | - J. M. Forbes
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - M. E. Hagan
- High Altitude Observatory; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. K. Avery
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. Aso
- National Institute of Polar Research; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. J. Fraser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - D. C. Fritts
- Colorado Research Associates; NorthWest Research Associates; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. J. Jarvis
- Physical Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey; Cambridge UK
| | - A. J. McDonald
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - D. M. Riggin
- Colorado Research Associates; NorthWest Research Associates; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Tsutsumi
- National Institute of Polar Research; Tokyo Japan
| | - R. A. Vincent
- Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Zhang X, Forbes JM, Hagan ME, Russell JM, Palo SE, Mertens CJ, Mlynczak MG. Monthly tidal temperatures 20–120 km from TIMED/SABER. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lübken FJ. First in situ temperature measurements in the summer mesosphere at very high latitudes (78°N). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huang FT. Seasonal behavior of the semidiurnal and diurnal tides, and mean flows at 95 km, based on measurements from the High Resolution Doppler Imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Zhang SP. Climatology of neutral winds in the lower thermosphere over Millstone Hill (42.6°N) observed from ground and from space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Gerrard AJ. Synoptic scale study of the Arctic polar vortex's influence on the middle atmosphere, 1, Observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Forbes JM. Wave coupling in terrestrial planetary atmospheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/130gm11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Fisher GM, Killeen TL, Wu Q, Reeves JM, Hays PB, Gault WA, Brown S, Shepherd GG. Polar cap mesosphere wind observations: comparisons of simultaneous measurements with a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a field-widened Michelson interferometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2000; 39:4284-4291. [PMID: 18350010 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.004284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polar cap mesospheric winds observed with a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a circle-to-line interferometer optical (FPI/CLIO) system have been compared with measurements from a field-widened Michelson interferometer optimized for E-region winds (ERWIN). Both instruments observed the Meinel OH emission emanating from the mesopause region (approximately 86 km) at Resolute Bay, Canada (74.9 degrees N, 94.9 degrees W). This is the first time, to our knowledge, that winds measured simultaneously from a ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometer and a ground-based Michelson interferometer have been compared at the same location. The FPI/CLIO and ERWIN instruments both have a capability for high temporal resolution (less than 10 min for a full scan in the four cardinal directions and the zenith). Statistical comparisons of hourly mean winds for both instruments by scatterplots show excellent agreement, indicating that the two optical techniques provide equivalent observations of mesopause winds. Small deviations in the measured wind can be ascribed to the different zenith angles used by the two instruments. The combined measurements illustrate the dominance of the 12-h wave in the mesopause winds at Resolute Bay, with additional evidence for strong gravity wave activity with much shorter periods (tens of minutes). Future operations of the two instruments will focus on observation of complementary emissions, providing a unique passive optical capability for the determination of neutral winds in the geomagnetic polar cap at various altitudes near the mesopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Fisher
- Space Physics Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Luo Y, Manson AH, Meek CE, Meyer CK, Forbes JM. The quasi 16-day oscillations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W), 1980-1996. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Buonsanto MJ, Pohlman LM. Climatology of neutral exospheric temperature above Millstone Hill. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Goncharenko LP, Salah JE. Climatology and variability of the semidiurnal tide in the lower thermosphere over Millstone Hill. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Stening RJ, Forbes JM, Hagan ME, Richmond AD. Experiments with a lunar atmospheric tidal model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Roble RG, Shepherd GG. An analysis of wind imaging interferometer observations of O (1S) equatorial emission rates using the thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja02930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Wang HJ, Cunnold DM, Bao X. A critical analysis of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment ozone trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lübken FJ, Fricke KH, Langer M. Noctilucent clouds and the thermal structure near the Arctic mesopause in summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Burrage MD, Skinner WR, Gell DA, Hays PB, Marshall AR, Ortland DA, Manson AH, Franke SJ, Fritts DC, Hoffman P, McLandress C, Niciejewski R, Schmidlin FJ, Shepherd GG, Singer W, Tsuda T, Vincent RA. Validation of mesosphere and lower thermosphere winds from the high resolution Doppler imager on UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Williams CR, Avery SK. Diurnal nonmigrating tidal oscillations forced by deep convective clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McLandress C, Shepherd GG, Solheim BH. Satellite observations of thermospheric tides: Results from the Wind Imaging Interferometer on UARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Forbes JM, Hagan ME, Miyahara S, Vial F, Manson AH, Meek CE, Portnyagin YI. Quasi 16-day oscillation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Burrage MD, Wu DL, Skinner WR, Ortland DA, Hays PB. Latitude and seasonal dependence of the semidiurnal tide observed by the high-resolution Doppler imager. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Salah J, Clark R, Forbes J, Manson A, Avery S, Schminder R. Radar observations of the semidiurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(94)90063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Forbes J, Manson A, Vincent R, Fraser G, Vial F, Wand R, Avery S, Clark R, Johnson R, Roper R, Schminder R, Tsuda T, Kazimirovsky E. Semidiurnal tide in the 80–150 km region: an assimilative data analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(94)90062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Stening RJ, Manson AH, Meek CE, Vincent RA. Lunar tidal winds at Adelaide and Saskatoon at 80 to 100 km heights: 1985-1990. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94ja00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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McLandress C, Ward WE. Tidal/gravity wave interactions and their influence on the large-scale dynamics of the middle atmosphere: Model results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reddi C, Rajeev K, Geetha R. Tidal winds in the radio-meteor region over Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Sivkov A, Shved G. Influence of latitudinal and longitudinal variations of ozone and water vapour on the solar semidiurnal tide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90023-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Dynamics of the Antarctic and Arctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere regions—II. The semidiurnal tide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90025-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shepherd GG, Thuillier G, Gault WA, Solheim BH, Hersom C, Alunni JM, Brun JF, Brune S, Charlot P, Cogger LL, Desaulniers DL, Evans WFJ, Gattinger RL, Girod F, Harvie D, Hum RH, Kendall DJW, Llewellyn EJ, Lowe RP, Ohrt J, Pasternak F, Peillet O, Powell I, Rochon Y, Ward WE, Wiens RH, Wimperis J. WINDII, the wind imaging interferometer on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hagan ME, Forbes JM, Vial F. Numerical investigation of the propagation of the quasi-two-day wave into the lower thermosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Buonsanto MJ. Neutral winds in the thermosphere at mid-latitudes over a full solar cycle: A tidal decomposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fesen CG, Roble RG, Ridley EC. Thermospheric tides at equinox: Simulations with coupled composition and auroral forcings: 2. Semidiurnal component. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fesen CG, Roble RG, Ridley EC. Thermospheric tides at equinox: Simulations with coupled composition and auroral forcings: 1. Diurnal component. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90ja02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Lübken FJ, von Zahn U, Manson A, Meek C, Hoppe UP, Schmidlin F, Stegman J, Murtagh D, Rüster R, Schmidt G, Widdel HU, Espy P. Mean state densities, temperatures and winds during the MAC/SINE and MAC/EPSILON campaigns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(90)90027-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Manson A, Meek C, Teitelbaum H, Vial F, Schminder R, Kürschner D, Smith M, Fraser G, Clark R. Climatologies of semi-diurnal and diurnal tides in the middle atmosphere (70–110 km) at middle latitudes (40–55°). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(89)90056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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