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Clennett EJ, Holt AF, Tetley MG, Becker TW, Faccenna C. Assessing plate reconstruction models using plate driving force consistency tests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10191. [PMID: 37353512 PMCID: PMC10290141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plate reconstruction models are constructed to fit constraints such as magnetic anomalies, fracture zones, paleomagnetic poles, geological observations and seismic tomography. However, these models do not consider the physical equations of plate driving forces when reconstructing plate motion. This can potentially result in geodynamically-implausible plate motions, which has implications for a range of work based on plate reconstruction models. We present a new algorithm that calculates time-dependent slab pull, ridge push (GPE force) and mantle drag resistance for any topologically closed reconstruction, and evaluates the residuals-or missing components-required for torques to balance given our assumed plate driving force relationships. In all analyzed models, residual torques for the present-day are three orders of magnitude smaller than the typical driving torques for oceanic plates, but can be of the same order of magnitude back in time-particularly from 90 to 50 Ma. Using the Pacific plate as an example, we show how our algorithm can be used to identify areas and times with high residual torques, where either plate reconstructions have a high degree of geodynamic implausibility or our understanding of the underlying geodynamic forces is incomplete. We suggest strategies for plate model improvements and also identify times when other forces such as active mantle flow were likely important contributors. Our algorithm is intended as a tool to help assess and improve plate reconstruction models based on a transparent and expandable set of a priori dynamic constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Clennett
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
| | - Adam F Holt
- Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Michael G Tetley
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Thorsten W Becker
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Claudio Faccenna
- Dipartimento Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- GFZ Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
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Atkins S, Coltice N. Constraining the Range and Variation of Lithospheric Net Rotation Using Geodynamic Modeling. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2021; 126:e2021JB022057. [PMID: 35866099 PMCID: PMC9286441 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb022057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithospheric net rotation (LNR) is the movement of the lithosphere as a solid body with respect to the mantle. Separating the signal of LNR from plate tectonic motion is therefore an important factor in producing absolute plate motion models. Net rotation is difficult to constrain because of uncertainties in geological data and outstanding questions about the stability of the mantle plumes used as a reference frame. We use mantle convection simulations to investigate the controlling factors for the magnitude of LNR and to find the statistical predictability of LNR in a fully self-consistent convective system. We find that high lateral viscosity variations are required to produce Earth-like values of LNR. When the temperature dependence of viscosity is lower, and therefore slabs are softer, other factors such as the presence of continents and a viscosity gradient at the transition zone are also important for determining the magnitude of net rotation. We find that, as an emergent property of the chaotic mantle convection system, the evolution of LNR is too complicated to predict in our models. However, we find that the range of LNR within the simulations follows a Gaussian distribution, with a correlation time of 5 Myr. The LNR from the models needs to be sampled for around 50 Myr to produce a fully Gaussian distribution. This implies, that within the time frames considered for absolute plate motion reconstructions, LNR can be treated as a Gaussian variable. This provides a new geodynamic constraint for absolute plate motion reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Atkins
- Laboratoire de GéologieCNRS‐École Normale Supérieure‐PSL UniversityParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Coltice
- Laboratoire de GéologieCNRS‐École Normale Supérieure‐PSL UniversityParisFrance
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Nataf HC, Froidevaux C, Levrat JL, Rabinowicz M. Laboratory convection experiments: Effect of lateral cooling and generation of instabilities in the horizontal boundary layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb086ib07p06143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kaula WM. Minimal upper mantle temperature variations consistent with observed heat flow and plate velocities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb088ib12p10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Garfunkel Z, Anderson CA, Schubert G. Mantle circulation and the lateral migration of subducted slabs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb091ib07p07205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ricard Y, Vigny C, Froidevaux C. Mantle heterogeneities, geoid, and plate motion: A Monte Carlo inversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb094ib10p13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Haxby WF, Weissel JK. Evidence for small-scale mantle convection from Seasat altimeter data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb091ib03p03507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bercovici D. A source-sink model of the generation of plate tectonics from non-Newtonian mantle flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sheehan AF, Solomon SC. Joint inversion of shear wave travel time residuals and geoid and depth anomalies for long-wavelength variations in upper mantle temperature and composition along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Watt JP, Ahrens TJ. The role of iron partitioning in mantle composition, evolution, and scale of convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb087ib07p05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Davies GF. Geophysical and isotopic constraints on mantle convection: An interim synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb089ib07p06017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hamburger MW, Isacks BL. Deep earthquakes in the southwest Pacific: A tectonic interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb092ib13p13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sabadini R, Yuen DA, Gasperini P. Mantle rheology and satellite signatures from present-day glacial forcings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb093ib01p00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gaffin SR, Maasch KA. Anomalous cyclicity in climate and stratigraphy and modeling nonlinear oscillations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/90jb02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peterson ET, Seno T. Factors affecting seismic moment release rates in subduction zones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb089ib12p10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hager BH, O'Connell RJ. A simple global model of plate dynamics and mantle convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb086ib06p04843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wdowinski S, O'Connell RJ, England P. A continuum model of continental deformation above subduction zones: Application to the Andes and the Aegean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb094ib08p10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alvarez W. Geological evidence for the geographical pattern of mantle return flow and the driving mechanism of plate tectonics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb087ib08p06697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Doubrovine PV, Steinberger B, Torsvik TH. Absolute plate motions in a reference frame defined by moving hot spots in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jb009072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kreemer C. Absolute plate motions constrained by shear wave splitting orientations with implications for hot spot motions and mantle flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jb006416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tarduno J, Bunge HP, Sleep N, Hansen U. The Bent Hawaiian-Emperor Hotspot Track: Inheriting the Mantle Wind. Science 2009; 324:50-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1161256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Tarduno
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, 80333 München, Germany
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Geophysik, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Bunge
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, 80333 München, Germany
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Geophysik, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Norm Sleep
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, 80333 München, Germany
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Geophysik, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hansen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, 80333 München, Germany
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Geophysik, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Steinberger B, Holme R. Mantle flow models with core-mantle boundary constraints and chemical heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ritsema J, McNamara AK, Bull AL. Tomographic filtering of geodynamic models: Implications for model interpretation and large-scale mantle structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bercovici D. Tectonic plate generation and two-phase damage: Void growth versus grain size reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Conrad CP, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. The temporal evolution of plate driving forces: Importance of “slab suction” versus “slab pull” during the Cenozoic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton P. Conrad
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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31
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Antretter M, Riisager P, Hall S, Zhao X, Steinberger B. Modelled palaeolatitudes for the Louisville hot spot and the Ontong Java Plateau. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2004.229.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFormation of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), a large igneous province in the western Pacific, has been attributed to a rising plume head in the initial stage of the Louisville hot spot, approximately 120–125 Ma ago. However, the Neal et al. plate reconstruction suggests that the plateau formed approximately 9° north of the current location of this hot spot at 51°S. The magnetization of the plateau’s basement records a palaeolatitude of approximately 25°S which further increases the discrepancy with the plume-head model. Modelling the motion of the Louisville hot spot for the last 120 Ma yields a possible southward motion of up to about 6°. True polar wander (TPW) models also shift the predicted palaeolatitudes of the plateau farther north. Taking into account both hot-spot motion and TPW, formation of the OJP by the Louisville not spot remains a possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antretter
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich
Theresienstrasse 41, D-80333 München, Germany
| | - Peter Riisager
- Danish Lithosphere Centre
Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Stuart Hall
- Department of Geosciences, University of Houston
Houston, TX 77204-5007, USA
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Earth Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Bunge HP, Richards MA, Baumgardner JR. Mantle-circulation models with sequential data assimilation: inferring present-day mantle structure from plate-motion histories. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2002; 360:2545-2567. [PMID: 12460480 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2002.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Data assimilation is an approach to studying geodynamic models consistent simultaneously with observables and the governing equations of mantle flow. Such an approach is essential in mantle circulation models, where we seek to constrain an unknown initial condition some time in the past, and thus cannot hope to use first-principles convection calculations to infer the flow history of the mantle. One of the most important observables for mantle-flow history comes from models of Mesozoic and Cenozoic plate motion that provide constraints not only on the surface velocity of the mantle but also on the evolution of internal mantle-buoyancy forces due to subducted oceanic slabs. Here we present five mantle circulation models with an assimilated plate-motion history spanning the past 120 Myr, a time period for which reliable plate-motion reconstructions are available. All models agree well with upper- and mid-mantle heterogeneity imaged by seismic tomography. A simple standard model of whole-mantle convection, including a factor 40 viscosity increase from the upper to the lower mantle and predominantly internal heat generation, reveals downwellings related to Farallon and Tethys subduction. Adding 35% bottom heating from the core has the predictable effect of producing prominent high-temperature anomalies and a strong thermal boundary layer at the base of the mantle. Significantly delaying mantle flow through the transition zone either by modelling the dynamic effects of an endothermic phase reaction or by including a steep, factor 100, viscosity rise from the upper to the lower mantle results in substantial transition-zone heterogeneity, enhanced by the effects of trench migration implicit in the assimilated plate-motion history. An expected result is the failure to account for heterogeneity structure in the deepest mantle below 1500 km, which is influenced by Jurassic plate motions and thus cannot be modelled from sequential assimilation of plate motion histories limited in age to the Cretaceous. This result implies that sequential assimilation of past plate-motion models is ineffective in studying the temporal evolution of core-mantle-boundary heterogeneity, and that a method for extrapolating present-day information backwards in time is required. For short time periods (of the order of perhaps a few tens of Myr) such a method exists in the form of crude 'backward' convection calculations. For longer time periods (of the order of a mantle overturn), a rigorous approach to extrapolating information back in time exists in the form of iterative nonlinear optimization methods that carry assimilated information into the past through the use of an adjoint mantle convection model.
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The convective mantle flow signal in rates of true polar wander. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/gd029p0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Stegman DR. Effects of depth-dependent viscosity and plate motions on maintaining a relatively uniform mid-ocean ridge basalt reservoir in whole mantle flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Turcotte DL, Paul D, White WM. Thorium-uranium systematics require layered mantle convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Steinberger B. Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hotspots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhong S, Zuber MT, Moresi L, Gurnis M. Role of temperature-dependent viscosity and surface plates in spherical shell models of mantle convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bercovici D, Ricard Y, Richards MA. The Relation between mantle dynamics and plate tectonics: A Primer. GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm121p0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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Effects of mantle flow on hotspot motion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm121p0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Čadek O, Fleitout L. A global geoid model with imposed plate velocities and partial layering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Conrad CP, Hager BH. Effects of plate bending and fault strength at subduction zones on plate dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jb900149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhong S, Gurnis M, Moresi L. Role of faults, nonlinear rheology, and viscosity structure in generating plates from instantaneous mantle flow models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jb00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bunge HP, Richards MA, Lithgow-Bertelloni C, Baumgardner JR, Grand SP, Romanowicz BA. Time scales and heterogeneous structure in geodynamic earth models. Science 1998; 280:91-5. [PMID: 9525864 DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5360.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Computer models of mantle convection constrained by the history of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions explain some deep-mantle structural heterogeneity imaged by seismic tomography, especially those related to subduction. They also reveal a 150-million-year time scale for generating thermal heterogeneity in the mantle, comparable to the record of plate motion reconstructions, so that the problem of unknown initial conditions can be overcome. The pattern of lowermost mantle structure at the core-mantle boundary is controlled by subduction history, although seismic tomography reveals intense large-scale hot (low-velocity) upwelling features not explicitly predicted by the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- HP Bunge
- H.-P. Bunge, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Laboratoire de Sismologie, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. M. A. Richards, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. C. Lithgo
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Wen L, Anderson DL. Present-day plate motion constraint on mantle rheology and convection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhong S, Gurnis M. Interaction of weak faults and non-newtonian rheology produces plate tectonics in a 3D model of mantle flow. Nature 1996. [DOI: 10.1038/383245a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yu Y, Park J. Hunting for azimuthal anisotropy beneath the Pacific Ocean region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zoback ML. First- and second-order patterns of stress in the lithosphere: The World Stress Map Project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1285] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Spada G, Yuen DA, Sabadini R, Boschi E. Lower-mantle viscosity constrained by seismicity around deglaciated regions. Nature 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/351053a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wdowinski S, O'Connell RJ. Deformation of the Central Andes (15°–27°S) derived from a flow model of subduction zones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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